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Search results for: MITIGATION
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Malware - a survey on threats and mitigation techniques
PublicationThis paper presents up-to-date knowledge related to malware – malicious software. Firstly the definitions are presented and discussed briefly. Next, the paper presents a bit of motivation along with the malware fighting objectives. Malware poses an emerging threat in accordance to smart grids in general and advanced metering infrastructure in particular. The discussion is then directed towards known taxonomy along with a new proposal...
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Applicability of null-steering for spoofing mitigation in civilian GPS
PublicationCivilian GPS signals are currently used in many critical applications, such as precise timing for power grids and telecommunication networks. Spoofing may cause their improper functioning. It is a threat which emerges with the growing availability of GPS constellation simulators and other devices which may be used to perform such attack. Development of the effective countermeasures, covering detection and mitigation, is necessary...
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Mechanism of Li nucleation at graphite anodes and mitigation strategies
PublicationLithium metal plating is a critical safety issue in Li-ion cells with graphite anodes, and contributes significantly to ageing, drastically limiting the lifetime and inducing capacity loss. Nonetheless, the nucleation mechanism of metallic Li on graphite anodes is still poorly understood. But in-depth understanding is needed to rationally design mitigation measures. In this work, we conducted FirstPrinciples studies to elucidate...
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Jamming and jamming mitigation for selected 5G military scenarios
PublicationThis paper presents jamming and jamming mitigation techniques, which can be used in relation to emerging military systems based on fifth-generation (5G) technology. Nowadays, 5G technology provides incremental improvements over Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks resulting in the enhancement of civilian communications. Considering enormous possible applications of this new technology, it is feasible to use them in military utilities....
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Flow maldistribution and its mitigation in mini heat exchangers
PublicationIn the present paper, a detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow maldistribution in 50 parallel 1 mm x 1 mm rectangular minichannels and 1 mm depth minigap section with rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or concave mani-folds in Z-type flow configuration (16 different cases). The working medium was ethanol and the mass flow rate was 5×10-4 kg/s. Both sections was heated from the bottom side. Heat...
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Deformation mitigation and twisting moment control in space frames
PublicationOver the last five decades, space frames have centered on the modernization of touristic zones in view of architectural attractions. Although attempts to control joint movement and minimize axial force and bending moment in such structures were made sufficiently, twisting moments in space frames have been underestimated so far. In space frames, external load or restoring the misshapen shape may cause twisting in members. We herein...
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Codesigned Digital Tools for Social Engagement in Climate Change Mitigation
PublicationDigital technologies and economies can strengthen participative processes and data- and knowledge-based sustainable urban development. It can also accelerate social integration and the efforts of urban dwellers towards more resilient urban environments. Gap: Most of the tools that strengthen participatory processes were not cocreated with stakeholders. Research shows that codesigned platforms driven by new technological advances...
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Detection and Mitigation of GPS Spoofing Based on Antenna Array Processing
PublicationIn this article authors present an application of spatial processing methods for GPS spoofing detection and mitigation. In the first part of this article, a spoofing detection method, based on phase delay measurements, is proposed. Accuracy and precision of phase delay estimation is assessed for various qualities of received signal. Spoofing detection thresholds are determined. Efficiency of this method is evaluated in terms of...
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Mitigation of Membrane Wetting by Applying a Low Temperature Membrane Distillation
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Codesigned Digital Tools for Social Engagement in Climate Change Mitigation
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Fake VIP Attacks and Their Mitigation via Double-Blind Reputation
PublicationIn a generic setting subsuming communication networks, resource sharing systems, and multi-agent communities, a client generates objects of various classes carrying class-dependent signatures, to which a server assigns class-dependent service quality. A Fake VIP attack consists in false declaration of a high class, with an awareness that detection of object signature at the server side is costly and so invoked reluctantly. We show...
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Mitigation of Fake Data Content Poisoning Attacks in NDN via Blockchain
PublicationAbstract—Information-centric networks struggle with content poisoning attacks (CPAs), especially their stronger form called Fake Data CPA, in which an intruder publisher uploads content signed with stolen credentials. Following an existing graphinfection based approach leveraging the constrained time when stolen credentials are useful, we design a blockchain-based mitigation scheme for Named Data Networking architectures. We postulate...
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A Multi-Antenna Scheme for Early Detection and Mitigation of Intermediate GNSS Spoofing
PublicationThis article presents a method for detecting and mitigating intermediate GNSS spoofing. In this type of attack, at its early stage, a spoofer transmits counterfeit signals which have slight time offsets compared to true signals arriving from satellites. The anti-spoofing method proposed in this article fuses antenna array processing techniques with a multipath detection algorithm. The latter is necessary to separate highly correlated...
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EMI mitigation of GaN power inverter leg by local shielding techniques
PublicationThis paper presents local shielding techniques applied to a half-bridge inverter leg with the aim to reduce the common mode (CM) current noise at converter’s DC input. The research study is conducted for 650V Enhancement mode Gallium Nitride (GaN) power transistor switches. Main contributors of parasitic capacitances referred to the inverter-leg middle point node are identified. Then, shielding solutions are proposed to reduce...
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A GIS based approach for the mitigation of surface runoff to a shallow lowland reservoir
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Carbon dioxide ocean and ground storage as a method of climate change mitigation
PublicationW pracy dokonano krytycznego przeglądu negatywnego wpływu globalnego ocieplenia na środowisko i przedstawiono dwie nowatorskie metody zmniejszenia stężenia atmosferycznego ditlenku węgla. Obie metody: magazynowanie antropogenicznego ditlenku węgla, pochodzącego z dużych źródeł emisji, w oceanach i w glebie są technologicznie możliwe do przeprowadzenia, co potwierdzają przykłady z różnych regionów świata. W pracy przedyskutowano...
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Linking of adjacent three-storey buildings for mitigation of structural pounding during earthquakes
PublicationThe reports after major earthquakes indicate that the earthquake-induced pounding between insufficiently separated buildings may lead to significant damage or even total collapse of structures. An intensive study has recently been carried out on mitigation of pounding hazards so as to minimize the structural damages or prevent collisions at all. The aim of this paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the method when two adjacent...
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Mitigation of the Flow Maldistribution in Minichannel and Minigap Heat Exchangers by Introducing Threshold in the Manifolds
PublicationIn the present paper, a detailed numerical investigation has been carried out to analyze the flow maldistribution in 50 parallel rectangular cross-section (1 mm depth and 1 mm width) minichannels and minigap section (1 mm depth and 99 mm width) with rectangular/trapezoidal manifolds in Z-type flow configuration. The author carried out numerical investigation with various mass flowrates, namely 0.05 kg/s, 0.1 kg/s and 0.2 kg/s which...
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Analysis of Ferroresonance Mitigation Effectiveness in Auxiliary Power Systems of High-Voltage Substations
PublicationFerroresonance in power networks is a dangerous phenomenon, which may result in overcurrents and overvoltages, causing damage to power equipment and the faulty operation of protection systems. For this reason, the possibility of the occurrence of ferroresonance has to be identified, and adequate methods need to be incorporated to eliminate or reduce its effects. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of ferroresonance...
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Study on polymer elements for mitigation of earthquake-induced pounding between buildings in complex arrangements
PublicationPounding between neighbouring buildings during earthquakes has been identified as one of the reasons for substantial damage or even total collapse of colliding structures, so it has been the subject of numerous studies in the recent years. A major reason leading to interactions between adjacent, insufficiently separated structures results from the differences in their dynamic properties. The problem is much more complicated for...
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Study on Polymer Elements for Mitigation of Earthquake-Induced Pounding Between Buildings in Complex Arrangements
PublicationPounding between neighboring structures during seismic events has been revealed as one of the most commonly observed reasons for severe damage or even total collapse of the adjacent buildings. Therefore, pounding effects have recently become an issue of great interest of many numerical and experimental investigations in many earthquake-prone regions of the world. It has also been observed that the differences in dynamic characteristics...
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High-Power Jamming Attack Mitigation Techniques in Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
PublicationThis work presents efficient connection provisioning techniques mitigating high-power jamming attacks in spectrally-spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) utilizing multicore fibers. High-power jamming attacks are modeled based on their impact on the lightpaths’ quality of transmission (QoT) through inter-core crosstalk. Based on a desired threshold on a lightpath’s QoT, the modulation format used, the length of the path,...
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Climate Change Mitigation and Preservation of the Cultural Heritage—A Story of the Municipal Park in Rumia, Poland
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A comprehensive review of climate change impacts, adaptation, and mitigation on environmental and natural calamities in Pakistan
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Indigenous Perceptions of Factors Influencing Behavioral Intentions Towards Climate Change Mitigation: An Assessment
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Conducted EMI mitigation in switched mode DC-DC converters by spread spectrum techniques
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono skuteczność technik rozpraszania widma do ograniczenia emisji przewodzonej EMI dla szeregowego przerywacza napięcia. Badania porównawcze zostały wykonane laboratoryjnie za pomocą generatora funkcyjnego, miernika zaburzeń i sieci sztucznej. Analiza otrzymanych wyników wykazała, szczególnie korzystne do 20 dB, ograniczenie charakterystyki napięcia emisji przewodzonej dla losowej modulacji częstotliuwości...
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Net-zero carbon condition in wastewater treatment plants: A systematic review of mitigation strategies and challenges
PublicationThe wastewater sector accounts for up to 7 and 10% of anthropogenic CH4 and N2O emissions, respectively. Nowadays wastewater treatment plants are going through a paradigm shift to approach a net-zero carbon condition. Numerous ongoing measures have taken place to identify the sources of greenhouse gases and minimize the carbon footprint. This paper systematically reviews all known practices leading towards net-zero carbon wastewater...
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Seismic pounding between adjacent buildings: Identification of parameters, soil interaction issues and mitigation measures
PublicationStructural pounding has been observed in many previous earthquakes due to insufficient gap commonly provided between adjacent structures. The collisions usually generate large impact forces and short duration acceleration pulses which may result in significant damage to the colliding buildings. Because of that, earthquake induced structural pounding has been intensively studied and investigated for the last three decades. Results...
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Identifying Surface Runoff Pathways for Cost-Effective Mitigation of Pollutant Inputs to Drinking Water Reservoir
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Biogas Production in AnMBRs via Treatment of Municipal and Domestic Wastewater: Opportunities and Fouling Mitigation Strategies
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Bio-mitigation of organic pollutants using horseradish peroxidase as a promising biocatalytic platform for environmental sustainability
PublicationA wide array of environmental pollutants is often generated and released into the ecosystem from industrial and human activities. Antibiotics, phenolic compounds, hydroquinone, industrial dyes, and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) are prevalent pollutants in water matrices. To promote environmental sustainability and minimize the impact of these pollutants, it is essential to eliminate such contaminants. Although there are...
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Optimization of the Aeration Strategies in a Deammonification Sequencing Batch Reactor for Efficient Nitrogen Removal and Mitigation of N2O Production
PublicationIn deammonification systems, nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suppression and nitrous oxide (N2O) mitigation are two important operational objectives. To carry out this multivariable analysis of response, a comprehensive model for the N cycle was developed and evaluated against experimental data from a laboratory-scale deammonification granular sludge sequencing batch reactor. Different aeration strategies were tested, and the manipulated...
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Pounding mitigation of a short-span cable-stayed bridge using a new hybrid passive control system
PublicationThis paper investigates the effectiveness of a new hybrid passive control system on the seismic response of an existing steel cable-stayed bridge considering the pounding effect. The proposed hybrid passive control system comprises a seismic isolator and a metallic damper. The bridge is located in a high seismic zone and has suffered several damages including the earthquake-induced pounding damage during the 1988 earthquake....
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Divisional disparities on climate change adaptation and mitigation in Punjab, Pakistan: local perceptions, vulnerabilities, and policy implications
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Formation of nitrogen functionalities in biochar materials and their role in the mitigation of hazardous emerging organic pollutants from wastewater
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Soiling Effect Mitigation Obtained by Applying Transparent Thin-Films on Solar Panels: Comparison of Different Types of Coatings
PublicationDust accumulation on the front cover of solar panels is closely linked to location and orientation of photovoltaic (PV) installation. Its build-up depends on the module tilt angle, frequency of precipitation, humidity, wind strength and velocity, as well as grain size. Additionally, soil composition is determined by solar farm surroundings such as local factories, agricultural crops, and traffic. Over time, molecules of atmospheric...
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Sustainable Livestock Production: Screening Analysis and Pilot Implementation of a Biofilm in Piggery Biofilters for Mitigation of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions
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PRELIMINARY FIELD TESTS AND LONG-TERM MONITORING AS A METHOD OF DESIGN RISK MITIGATION: A CASE STUDY OF GDAŃSK DEEPWATER CONTAINER TERMINAL
PublicationAppropriate risk assessment plays a fundamental role in the design. . The authors propose a possible method of design risk mitigation, which follows recommendations included in Eurocode 7. The so-called “Observational Method” (OM) can produce savings in costs and programmes on engineering projects without compromising safety. The case study presented is a complex design solution that deals with the heavy foundations of a gantry...
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Procedure based proactive functional safety management for the risk mitigation of hazardous events in the oil port installations including insurance aspects
PublicationThis article addresses selected technical and organization aspects of risk mitigation in the oil port installations with regard to functional safety requirements specified in standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. The procedure for functional safety management includes the hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of safety functions. Based on risk assessment results...
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Numerical Study on Mitigation of Flow Maldistribution in Parallel Microchannel Heat Sink: Channels Variable Width Versus Variable Height Approach
PublicationMicrochannel heat sink on one hand enjoys benefits of intensified several folds heat transfer performance but on the other hand has to suffer aggravated form of trifling limitations associated with imperfect hydrodynamics and heat transfer behavior. Flow maldistribution is one of such limitation that exaggerates temperature nonuniformity across parallel microchannels leading to increase in maximum base temperature. Recently, variable...
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GIS-based hydrodynamic modeling for urban flood mitigation in fast-growing regions: a case study of Erbil, Kurdistan Region of Iraq
PublicationFloods threaten urban infrastructure, especially in residential neighborhoods and fast-growing regions. Flood hydrodynamic modeling helps identify flood-prone locations and improve mitigation plans' resilience. Urban floods pose special issues due to changing land cover and a lack of raw data. Using a GIS-based modeling interface, input files for the hydrodynamic model were developed. The physical basin's properties were identified...
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Mitigation effect of face shield to reduce SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission risk: Preliminary simulations based on computed tomography
PublicationWe aimed to develop a model to quantitatively assess the potential effectiveness of face shield (visor) in reducing airborne transmission risk of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 during the current COVID-19 pandemic using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The studies with and without face shield in both an infected and healthy person have been considered in indoor environment simulation. In addition to the influence...
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Mitigation effect of face shield to reduce SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission risk: Preliminary simulations based on computed tomography
PublicationWe aimed to develop a model to quantitatively assess the potential effectiveness of face shield (visor) in reducing airborne transmission risk of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 during the current COVID-19 pandemic using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The studies with and without face shield in both an infected and healthy person have been considered in indoor environment simulation. In addition to the influence...
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Regional and sectoral assessment on climate-change in Pakistan: Social norms and indigenous perceptions on climate-change adaptation and mitigation in relation to global context
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Aquaponics Based Artificial Biosphere Included in Architecture: From Mitigation of Negative Impacts to Positive Added Values of Urban Spatial Structures on Local, Regional and Global Scale
PublicationTechnologies may appear faster than spatial planning can afford it. Alt hough applying new technologies solve particular problems, it may also create new ones. Many negative consequences of implementing new technologies are visible a fter years or decades – they accumulate until the need of solving them. According to The Hannover Principles (McDonough & Braungart 2013) one should, by example not think about...
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Pomiarowa ocena efektywności systemu antyspoofingowego opartego na przetwarzaniu wieloantenowym
PublicationNiniejszy referat dotyczy problemu wykrywania i przeciwdziałania atakom typu spoofing w globalnych systemach nawigacji satelitarnej. Pierwsza część referatu stanowi wprowadzenie w temat spoofingu oraz przegląd sposobów jemu przeciwdziałania. Następnie, przedstawiono autorską koncepcję systemu antyspoofingowego opartego na przetwarzaniu wieloantenowym, a także opisano implementację prototypu tego systemu. Część trzecią poświęcono...
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Performance evaluation of GPS anti-spoofing system based on antenna array processing
PublicationThis article concerns the problem of detection and mitigation of spoofing attacks in Global Navigation Satellite Systems. First, background information about spoofing and its possible countermeasures is provided. Next, concept of a novel GPS anti-spoofing system based on antenna array processing is presented and implementation of prototype of this system is described. The third section outlines the performance evaluation of proposed...
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Seismic Pounding Between Bridge Segments: A State-of-the-Art Review
PublicationEarthquake-induced structural pounding in bridge structures has been observed in several previous seismic events. Collisions occur at the expansion joints provided between adjacent decks or between the deck and abutment. Pounding between the structural elements may lead to severe damages and even to the unseating of the bridge in certain cases. Several investigations have been performed to study pounding in bridges under uniform...
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Exploring DAD and ADD Methods for Dealing with Urban Heat Island Effect
PublicationThe Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect in the context of climate change and temperature fluctuations is an increasing challenge for contemporary cities. Numerous activities focus on mitigation and adaptation to the UHI effect using both appropriately selected design strategies and technological solutions. However, not all of these technologies support the postulates of ecological and low-carbon cities. Their design, implementation,...
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Hold-Up Problems in International Gas Trade: A Case Study
PublicationThe infrastructure required for international natural gas trade is considerable, which often leads to hold-up problems and supply disruptions. This study discusses disruptions of gas supply from Algeria, Indonesia, Russia, and Turkmenistan since the early 1980s. The novelty of this study is its focus on the issues related to transit countries, which are rarely considered in the literature. The results of the study classify supply...