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Search results for: brain activity
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Automatic Clustering of EEG-Based Data Associated with Brain Activity
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to present a system for automatic assigning electroencephalographic (EEG) signals to appropriate classes associated with brain activity. The EEG signals are acquired from a headset consisting of 14 electrodes placed on skull. Data gathered are first processed by the Independent Component Analysis algorithm to obtain estimates of signals generated by primary sources reflecting the activity of the brain....
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Method for Clustering of Brain Activity Data Derived from EEG Signals
PublicationA method for assessing separability of EEG signals associated with three classes of brain activity is proposed. The EEG signals are acquired from 23 subjects, gathered from a headset consisting of 14 electrodes. Data are processed by applying Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) for the signal analysis and an autoencoder neural network for the brain activity separation. Processing involves 74 wavelets from 3 DWT families: Coiflets,...
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Daytime Acute Non-Visual Alerting Response in Brain Activity Occurs as a Result of Short- and Long-Wavelengths of Light
PublicationVery recent preliminary findings concerning the alerting capacities of light stimulus with long-wavelengths suggest the existence of neural pathways other than melatonin suppression that trigger the nonvisual response. Though the nonvisual effects of light during the daytime have not been investigated thoroughly, they are definitely worth investigating. The purpose of the present study is to enrich existing evidence by describing...
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Physical Activity vs. Redox Balance in the Brain: Brain Health, Aging and Diseases
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Pathological brain network activity: memory impairment in epilepsy
PublicationOur thinking, memory and cognition in general, relies upon precisely timed interactions among neurons forming brain networks that support cognitive processes. The surgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy using intracranial electrodes provides a unique opportunity to record directly from human brain and to investigate the coordinated activity of cognitive networks. In this issue of Neurology®, Kleen and colleagues1 implicate...
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Blood–brain barrier permeability mechanisms in view of quantitative structure–activity relationships (QSAR)
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Morphine and methadone pre-exposures differently modify brain regional Fos protein expression and locomotor activity responses to morphine challenge in the rat
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Comparison of mouse plasma and brain tissue homogenate sample pretreatment methods prior to high-performance liquid chromatography for a new 1,2,4-triazole derivative with anticonvulsant activity
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Direct brain stimulation modulates encoding states and memory performance in humans
PublicationPeople often forget information because they fail to effectively encode it. Here, we test the hypothesis that targeted electrical stimulation can modulate neural encoding states and subsequent memory outcomes. Using recordings from neurosurgical epilepsy patients with intracranially implanted electrodes, we trained multivariate classifiers to discriminate spectral activity during learning that predicted remembering from forgetting,...
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Intracranial electrophysiological recordings from the human brain during memory tasks with pupillometry
PublicationData comprise intracranial EEG (iEEG) brain activity represented by stereo EEG (sEEG) signals, recorded from over 100 electrode channels implanted in any one patient across various brain regions. The iEEG signals were recorded in epilepsy patients (N=10) undergoing invasive monitoring and localization of seizures when they were performing a battery of four memory tasks lasting approx. 1 hour in total. Gaze tracking on the task...
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Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathways as Critical Factors in the Consequences and Recovery after Brain Ischemic Hypoxia
PublicationBrain ischemia is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO), a molecule that is involved in the regulation of proper blood flow, vasodilation, neuronal and glial activity constitutes the crucial factor that contributes to the development of pathological changes after stroke. One of the early consequences of a sudden interruption in the cerebral blood flow is the massive production of reactive...
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Analysis of the Capability of Deep Learning Algorithms for EEG-based Brain-Computer Interface Implementation
PublicationMachine learning models have received significant attention for their exceptional performance in classifying electroencephalography (EEG) data. They have proven to be highly effective in extracting intricate patterns and features from the raw signal data, thereby contributing to their success in EEG classification tasks. In this study, we explore the possibilities of utilizing contemporary machine learning algorithms in decoding...
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Electrical Stimulation Modulates High Gamma Activity and Human Memory Performance
PublicationDirect electrical stimulation of the brain has emerged as a powerful treatment for multiple neurological diseases, and as a potential technique to enhance human cognition. Despite its application in a range of brain disorders, it remains unclear how stimulation of discrete brain areas affects memory performance and the underlying electrophysiological activities. Here, we investigated the effect of direct electrical stimulation...
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The Brain of the city
PublicationIn order to highlight the characteristics of the West End of Wrocław, we conducted a site analysis. Using the strengths of the site, we were able to create a unique concept of the district while minimizing the impacts of weaknesses by design. The purpose of redesigning the West End of Wrocław is to attract new people to the district through the transformation of an identity. Initially, we conducted a SWOT analysis to identify the...
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Special techniques and future perspectives: Simultaneous macro- and micro-electrode recordings
PublicationThere are many approaches to studying the inner workings of the brain and its highly interconnected circuits. One can look at the global activity in different brain structures using non-invasive technologies like positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), which measure physiological changes, e.g. in the glucose uptake or blood flow. These can be very effectively used to localize active patches...
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How Integration of a Brain-Machine Interface and Obstacle Detection System Can Improve Wheelchair Control via Movement Image
PublicationThis study presents a human-computer interaction combined with a brain-machine interface (BMI) and obstacle detection system for remote control of a wheeled robot through movement imagery, providing a potential solution for individuals facing challenges with conventional vehicle operation. The primary focus of this work is the classification of surface EEG signals related to mental activity when envisioning movement and deep relaxation...
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Brain circuit imprints of developmental 17α-Ethinylestradiol exposure in guppies (Poecilia reticulata): Persistent effects on anxiety but not on reproductive behaviour
PublicationThe effects of endocrine disruptors may vary with the timing of exposure. The physiological implications of adult exposure are present during and shortly after exposure while embryonic exposure can imprint changes manifested in adulthood. In this study, guppy (Poecilia reticulata) embryos were exposed to 2 and 20 ng/L of 17α-ethinylestradiol during development via the mother and reared in clean water from gestation until 6 months...
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Widespread theta synchrony and high-frequency desynchronization underlies enhanced cognition
PublicationThe idea that synchronous neural activity underlies cognition has driven an extensive body of research in human and animal neuroscience. Yet, insufficient data on intracranial electrical connectivity has precluded a direct test of this hypothesis in a whole-brain setting. Through the lens of memory encoding and retrieval processes, we construct whole-brain connectivity maps of fast gamma (30-100 Hz) and slow theta (3-8 Hz) spectral...
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Dysfunctional prefrontal cortical network activity and interactions following cannabinoid receptor activation.
PublicationCoordinated activity spanning anatomically distributed neuronal networks underpins cognition and mediates limbic-cortical interactions during learning, memory, and decision-making. We used CP55940, a potent agonist of brain cannabinoid receptors known to disrupt coordinated activity in hippocampus, to investigate the roles of network oscillations during hippocampal and medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) interactions in rats. During...
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Systemic approach to modelling the human brain
PublicationW prezentacji przedstawia się ogólną koncepcję w pełni autonomicznego systemu decyzyjnego dla robota (awatara, linguabota), zdolnego reagować na bodźce ze środowiska oraz opartego na opracowanym matematycznym modelu psychologii poznawczej człowieka, z elementami psychologii osobowości., uwzględniającymi 'potrzeby', 'emocje', 'nastrój' oraz elementy 'woli'.
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Hypertension, Brain Damage and Cognitive Decline
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Dissecting gamma frequency activities during human memory processing
PublicationGamma frequency activity (30-150 Hz) is induced in cognitive tasks and is thought to reflect underlying neural processes. Gamma frequency activity can be recorded directly from the human brain using intracranial electrodes implanted in patients undergoing treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy. Previous studies have independently explored narrowband oscillations in the local field potential and broadband power increases. It is not...
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Image Segmentation of MRI image for Brain Tumor Detection
Publicationthis research work presents a new technique for brain tumor detection by the combination of Watershed algorithm with Fuzzy K-means and Fuzzy C-means (KIFCM) clustering. The MATLAB based proposed simulation model is used to improve the computational simplicity, noise sensitivities, and accuracy rate of segmentation, detection and extraction from MR...
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Behavioral state classification in epileptic brain using intracranial electrophysiology
PublicationOBJECTIVE: Automated behavioral state classification can benefit next generation implantable epilepsy devices. In this study we explored the feasibility of automated awake (AW) and slow wave sleep (SWS) classification using wide bandwidth intracranial EEG (iEEG) in patients undergoing evaluation for epilepsy surgery. APPROACH: Data from seven patients (age [Formula: see text], 4 women) who underwent intracranial depth electrode...
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Limitations of DSC-MRI for quantitative brain perfusion.
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia ograniczenia metody DSC-MRI w ilościowej ocenie przepływów mózgowych. W zakresie pięciu różnych grup zagadnień przeprowadzono testy symulacyjne oraz obliczenia na podstawie badań fantomowych i in-vivo. Pokazano i omówiono wyniki badań.
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Validity of MRI brain perfusion imaging method
PublicationW artykule zaprezentowano zbiór analiz dotyczących walidacji metody DSC-MRI. Zbadano wpływ rozmycia, opóźnienia, niskiego SNR bolusa oraz innych możliwych źródeł zakłócających wartość parametru perfuzji. Różne metody uzyskiwania parametrów perfuzji zostały zaprezentowane i porównane.
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Validity of MRI brain perfusion imaging method
PublicationW artykule zaprezentowano zbiór analiz dotyczących walidacji metody DSC-MRI. Zbadano wpływ rozmycia, opóźnienia, niskiego SNR bolusa oraz innych możliwych źródeł zakłócających wartość parametru perfuzji. Różne metody uzyskiwania parametrów perfuzji zostały zaprezentowane i porównane.
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Human verbal memory encoding is hierarchically distributed in a continuous processing stream
PublicationProcessing of memory is supported by coordinated activity in a network of sensory, association, and motor brain regions. It remains a major challenge to determine where memory is encoded for later retrieval. Here we used direct intracranial brain recordings from epilepsy patients performing free recall tasks to determine the temporal pattern and anatomical distribution of verbal memory encoding across the entire human cortex. High...
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The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health
PublicationEfficient brain function requires as much as 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level of oxygen usage, however, leads to the generation of free radicals, and thus can lead to oxidative stress and potentially to age-related cognitive decay and even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of this system requires a complex monitoring network to maintain proper oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore,...
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STEADY STATE VISUALLY EVOKED POTENTIALS FOR BRAIN COMPUTER INTERFACE
PublicationAn experiment conducted to validate a possibility of use a single active electrode EEG device for detecting Steady State Visually Evoked Potentials (SSVEP) is shown. A LED stimulator was applied to stimulate patients with two different frequencies - 13 Hz and 17 Hz. First, EEG signals were recorded and pre-processed using MATLAB software. In the next step recordings were analysed and classified employing the WEKA software. As indicated...
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Parametric imaging in dynamic glucose metabolism studies in brain
PublicationArtykuł analizuje badania dynamiczne 18FDG-PET, które służą do estymacji metabolizmu glukozy w mózgu. Zbadano w nim wpływ zakłóceń na wyznaczanie interesującego nas parametru LCMRGlc.
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The association between allostatic load and brain: A systematic review
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Brain-computer interaction based on EEG signal and gaze-tracking information = Analiza interackji mózg-komputer wykorzystująca sygnał EEg i informacje z systemu śledzenia punktu fiksacji wzroku
PublicationThe article presents an attempt to integrate EEG signal analysis with information about human visual activities, i.e. gaze fixation point. The results from gaze-tracking-based measurement were combined with the standard EEG analysis. A search for correlation between the brain activity and the region of the screen observed by the user was performed. The preliminary stage of the study consists in electrooculography (EOG) signal processing....
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Deep learning approach on surface EEG based Brain Computer Interface
PublicationIn this work we analysed the application of con-volutional neural networks in motor imagery classification for the Brain Computer Interface (BCI) purposes. To increase the accuracy of classification we proposed the solution that combines the Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) with convolutional network (ConvNet). The electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the modalities we try to use for controlling the prosthetic arm. Therefor in this...
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Opioid Growth Factor and its Derivatives as Potential Non-toxic Multifunctional Anticancer and Analgesic Compounds
PublicationIn this paper, we review the structure-activity relationship of OGF and its analogues. We highlight also OGF derivatives with analgesic, immunomodulatory activity and the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and may be used as safe agents enhancing chemotherapy efficacy and improving quality of life in cancer patients. The reviewed papers indicate that Met-enkephalin and its analogues are interesting candidates for the...
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Global DNA demethylation as an epigenetic marker of human brain metastases
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Deep brain stimulation: new possibilities for the treatment of mental disorders
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Closed-loop stimulation of temporal cortex rescues functional networks and improves memory
PublicationMemory failures are frustrating and often the result of ineffective encoding. One approach to improving memory outcomes is through direct modulation of brain activity with electrical stimulation. Previous efforts, however, have reported inconsistent effects when using open-loop stimulation and often target the hippocampus and medial temporal lobes. Here we use a closed-loop system to monitor and decode neural activity from direct...
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Direct electrical brain stimulation of human memory: lessons learnt and future perspectives
PublicationModulation of cognitive functions supporting human declarative memory is one of the grand challenges of neuroscience, and of vast importance for a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Despite a recent surge of successful attempts at improving performance in a range of memory tasks, the optimal approaches and parameters for memory enhancement have yet to be determined. On a more fundamental...
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Modeling of subarachnoid space width change caused by blood circulation in brain vessels
PublicationThe subarachnoid space is an anatomic space, lying in the central nervous system, between the arachnoid membrane and the pia mater. It is filled with cerebrospinal fluid, which protects and nourishes the brain. The pathological disorder of the subarachnoid space (i.e. increase or decrease of its width) a ects the nervous system. Therefore, it is important to diagnose the width changes of the subarachnoid space. One way to support...
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CyberEye: New Eye-Tracking Interfaces for Assessment and Modulation of Cognitive Functions beyond the Brain
PublicationThe emergence of innovative neurotechnologies in global brain projects has accelerated research and clinical applications of BCIs beyond sensory and motor functions. Both invasive and noninvasive sensors are developed to interface with cognitive functions engaged in thinking, communication, or remembering. The detection of eye movements by a camera offers a particularly attractive external sensor for computer interfaces to monitor,...
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Intellectual brain drain and economic growth in developing countries: A theoretical solution of strategic compensation
PublicationBrain drain is a real problem for the developing countries like Pakistan. It not only impacts theworkforce, but its effect eventually translates to economic growth as well. The most severe form of braindrain is intellectual as top tier skilled employees’ move out of the country. This study explores the issue ofintellectual brain drain in Pakistan moreover analyzes its severity to the economic growth. Finally,...
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Analyzing the Effectiveness of the Brain–Computer Interface for Task Discerning Based on Machine Learning
PublicationThe aim of the study is to compare electroencephalographic (EEG) signal feature extraction methods in the context of the effectiveness of the classification of brain activities. For classification, electroencephalographic signals were obtained using an EEG device from 17 subjects in three mental states (relaxation, excitation, and solving logical task). Blind source separation employing independent component analysis (ICA) was...
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The influence of food phytochemicals on cyclic phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) activity
PublicationCyclic phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) belongs to family of cyclic phosphodiesterases, which are expressed predominantly in inflammatory cells, airway smooth muscles, cardiovascular tissues and brain. Inhibitors of this family of enzymes found medicinal applications as antidepressants, antiinflamatory drugs (mainly in airway diseases) or antiasthmatics (Ibudilast). PDE4 inhibitors are also being tested for preventing the development...
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A Study in Experimental Methods of Human-Computer Communication for Patients After Severe Brain Injuries
PublicationExperimental research in the domain of multimedia technology applied to medical practice is discussed, employing a prototype of integrated multimodal system to assist diagnosis and polysensory stimulation of patients after severe brain injury. The system being developed includes among others: eye gaze tracker, and EEG monitoring of non-communicating patients after severe brain injuries. The proposed solutions are used for collecting...
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Brain/blood distribution described by a combination of partition coefficient and molecular mass
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Sweet grass protection against oxidative stress formation in the rat brain
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Diagnosis of Brain Tumors Through Global Specific DNA Methylation Analysis
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Molecular Diagnostics of Brain Tumours by Measuring the 5-Methylcytosine Level in Their DNA
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Mixture model of NMR - its application to diagnosis and treatment of brain cancer
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