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Search results for: ROAD CASUALTIES
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Spatial differentiation of road safety in Europe based on NUTS-2 regions
PublicationRoad safety varies significantly across the regions in Europe. To understand the factors behind this differentiation and the effects they have, data covering 263 NUTS-2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) regions across Europe (European Union and Norway) have been analysed. The assessment was made using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). As a dependent variable the Road Fatality Rate (RFR – number of fatalities...
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Probabilistic analysis of settlements under a pile foundation of a road bridge pylon
PublicationThe paper addresses the reliability change of a road bridge pile foundation due to the unpredictable increase of settlements in time. The analysis is based on the Rędziński Bridge in Wrocław, Poland, its design assumptions, and monitoring results. The bridge foundation rests on a multi-layered subsoil assumed random. The Finite Element model of the subgrade is generated in ZSoil® software. To simplify the probabilistic approach,...
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Road Safety Observatories within the Structure of Integrated Transport Safety Systems
PublicationAccurate knowledge about the causes, circumstances and place of transport accidents is the prerequisite to take the correct action to improve transport safety. Developing appropriate organizational structures, forms and methods of management and implementation of safety measures in the sectoral approach condition the success. Therefore the Safety Information System is one of the integral areas of the Integrated Transport Safety...
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Laboratory Investigations of Frost Susceptibility of Aggregates Applied to Road Base Courses
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The impact of road network structure and mobility on the national traffic fatality rate
PublicationW pracy określono wpływ wybranych miar struktury sieci drogowej i mobilności mieszkańców na wskaźnik śmiertelności w wypadkach drogowych na bazie dostępnych danych z wielu krajów świata. Opracowano wieloczynnikowe modele nieliniowe pozwalające na określenie wpływu wielu istotnych czynników: ekonomicznych, systemowych, motoryzacyjnych i infrastrukturalnych na bezpieczeństwo ruchu drogowego mierzonego wskaźnikiem śmiertelności RFR.
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Pedestrian and bicycle bridges as examples of safe collision-free road crossings
PublicationPedestrians are most at risk when they are crossing the road. This represents a significant proportion of all fatalities among pedestrians, amounting respectively to 50% in non-built-up areas and 75% in built-up areas. The most frequent reason for this accident is failure to give way. What is most terrible is that 30% of pedestrian accidents occurred at marked pedestrian crossings. Therefore, an important part of pedestrian safety...
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Pylon foundation of a cable stayed bridge at the motorway ring road of Wrocław
PublicationThe largest bridge of the motorway ring road of Wroclaw is a cable stayed bridge over the Odra river near Rędzin. Due to hydrogeological conditions of the ground it was not convenient to use standard bored piles of high length. Instead shorter piles were applied with additional improvement by cement injections at the pile toes. This decision was possible by extending ground investigation program and application of numerical modeling...
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Road surface roughness estimation employing integrated position and acceleration sensor
PublicationAssessment of a surface quality being an essential task for the authorities supervising the roads provides the subject of the paper. Information about riding quality of a pavement, important for drivers, both in terms of their comfort and safety is collected during experiments employing mobile sensors. The paper describes the use of a miniature position and acceleration sensor for evaluation of the roughness of the road surface....
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ROSANNE Project: New Procedure for Noise Characterisation of Road Surfaces in Europe
PublicationROSANNE is a collaborative project in the 7th EU Framework Programme which aims at harmonising measurement methods for skid resistance, noise emission and rolling resistance of road pavements as a preparation for standardization. The project started in November 2013 and is developing and improving standards in the field of working group CEN/TC 227/WG 5. Regarding the influence of the pavement on the road traffic noise emission,...
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Rolling resistance and tyre/road noise on rubberised asphalt pavement in Poland
PublicationThe paper presents results of tyre/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone mastics asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberised asphalt, developed and produced by a refinery in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and addition of crumb rubber. The first observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger...
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From hobbies, straightforward analysis to serious research – the road to phd degree
PublicationThe illustration of the main articles goal is an example of author's academic career course, the aim of which is to obtain a doctoral degree in the field of geodesy and cartography. Today, the most important thing for the young scientist is the devotion to research in certain field of science, which is interested for the large community of scientists. From a psychological point of view, a unity of interest and experiments must...
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Analysis of soundscape recordings in close proximity to the road in changeable wather conditions
PublicationThe acoustic vehicle sensing is the least invasive type of traffic detection. Also, acoustic-based vehicle detection technology is insensitive to precipitation and can operate in low light level. Therefore, this kind of method may be used for automatic detection of the vehicle passage events. It can also be employed for measurements of a vehicle speed and the vehicle assignment to the particular category. In this paper the results...
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Novel proposal for V2X systems and WBAN cooperation to improve road safety
PublicationIn this paper, a novel proposal of the automotive Vehicle-to-Everything system solution is presented. In this proposal, there are included the Machine to Machine type communication system and the sensor system based on a short-range the Wireless Body Area Network communication. The aim of this paper is the analysis of the model for communication, especially its architecture and signals structure for the proposed solution. The use...
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Reduction of road traffic noise by source measures — present and future strategies
PublicationThe current trend worldwide is less focused on reducing road traffic noise. This is in strong contrast to the severe impact of traffic noise to the general health and quality of life. A more holistic and combined strategy is needed. Current international rules and regulations regarding vehicles and tyres are not sufficient to reduce traffic noise levels in an effective way. Calculations show that these regulations will only yield...
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Development of tools for road infrastructure safety management for the provinces (voivodeships) in Poland
PublicationThe development of modern tools for road infrastructure safety management will help to reduce the number of fatalities and serious injuries as one of the main objectives adopted in 2013 in the National Road Safety Programme 2014-2020 and the new Road Safety Programme 2011-2020 in the EU. Risk Management in Highway Engineering can be applied in developing tools essential in the process of safety management. Risk Management in Highway...
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Road safety analysis in Poland using time-series modelling techniques
PublicationA number of international studies argue that there is a correlation between the number of traffic fatalities and the degree of public activity. The studies use the unemployment rate to support that argument. As unemployment grows miles travelled fall, a factor known to affect road safety. This relationship seems to be true for Poland, as well. The model presented in the paper is intended to prove it. It is a structural time-series local...
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Times Series Analysis Of Road Safety Trends At The Regional Level In Poland
PublicationThe paper presents possibility of applying a structural times series modeling with explanatory and intervention variables as a tool capable for explaining the changes in the monthly number of fatalities and seriously injured in traffic accidents. The analysis covers regional level and takes into consideration traffic accidents data of two regions: Pomorskie and Warmia-Mazury. In addition short-term forecasts for the two regions...
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INFLUENCE OF TEST CONDITIONS ON TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASURED BY THE DRUM METHOD
PublicationTyre/road noise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. Nowadays a few standard procedures of tyre/road noise measurements are in use. Unfortunately, measurement conditions specified within relevant standards are very different. For example, procedure described in ISO 11819-2 used for pavement investigations requires tyre load of 3200 N and capped inflation pressure of 200 kPa. At the same time...
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Rolling Resistance And Tire/Road Noise on Rubberized Asphalt Pavement In Poland
PublicationThe paper presents results of tire/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone-matrix asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberized asphalt developed and produced by the company in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and additive of crumb rubber. First observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger car...
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Risks related to car fire on innovative Poroelastic Road Surfaces-PERS
PublicationTo reduce tyre/road noise, the concept of poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) was invented. PERS is a road surface material that is porous, and at the same time, it is flexible because of the substantial amount of rubber granulate content (from 20% to 85%). The rubber and stone particles are bound by polyurethane resin instead of bitumen. It was feared that in case of fire, because of the high content of rubber and polyurethane, there...
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Foreign visitors from Visegrad countries with regard to road safety in Poland
PublicationIn the paper the authors present road safety situation in the Polish regions mostly visited by Czech, Slovakian and Hungarian tourists. These regions include Mazowieckie, Dolnoslaskie, Slaskie and Malopolskie voivodeships. After description of the regions and main touristic destinations for foreigners from Visegrad countries, a detailed road safety analysis performed for the period 2007-2012 is given. The paper ends with conclusions in...
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Mn Road Facility Badania nawierzchni drogowych w amerykańskim stylu
PublicationPomimo znacznego rozwoju technik modelowania matematycznego oraz badań laboratoryjnych nie jest obecnie możliwe wyeliminowanie badań nawierzchni drogowych i ich monitorowania w warunkach drogowych. W pracy przedstawiono drogowe badania oporu toczenia opon samochodowych na torach doświadczalnych Francji i Stanów Zjednoczonych wykonane za pomocą przryczepy dynamometrycznej zbudowanej w Politechnice Gdańskiej. Podano przykładowe wyniki...
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Introduction to smart solutions for wastewater: Road-mapping the transition to circular economy
PublicationToday there is an urgent need to move from a linear to a circular economy approach with special focus to water and environment. Despite the paramount importance, this transition is hampered by barriers which concern not only technological but embrace also organizational, regulatory, social, and economic aspects. In order to overcome such barriers, innovative water-smart solutions are needed and a robust roadmap for the transition...
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TIRE/ROAD NOISE AND TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE ON PROTOTYPE PERS SURFACE
PublicationPoroelastic road surfaces are characterized by low noise of tires running on them.Road pavements of this type are promising solution to problems related to traffic noise in cities and on rural roads. Some technical problems still have to be solved, in particular regarding durability and skid resistance on wet surface. Ongoing and planned works are to contribute to create a quiet, durable and safe road surface, which will become...
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Stability analysis of a road scarp in the Carpathian Mountains and methods of its protection
PublicationThe purpose of the study was to analyse the stability of a road scarp endangered by a landslide and to consider some measures for its stabilization. The potential landslide could unfavourably alter the shape of the slope, thus a religious sanctuary situated above the slope. The present research has resulted in suggestions of possible protection methods, namely, drainage, soil nailing, installation of piles, supporting the scarp...
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Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction
PublicationThe paper presents the proposition of special assessment of lowtemperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed....
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Case study 1.2C: Road infrastructure cost in Poland, Annex to Deliverable D3, Marginal cost case studies for road and rail transport. GRACE. Funded by Sixth Framework Programme.
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Road noise mapping in the city area: measurements compared to model-based estimations
PublicationThe paper presents an approach to the verification of noise prediction models in selected localization in the city of Gdansk. The experiments described include a comparison between environmentalmeasurement results performed in the terrain and the noise level prediction results. The NMPB-96 (Nouvelle Méthode de Prévision du Bruit) and Harmonoise models outcomes provide the subject ofthe analysis. The proposed solution of continuous...
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Selected Metals in Urban Road Dust: Upper and Lower Silesia Case Study
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Planning of the green road system as an element of spatial management in suburbs and small towns
PublicationThe premise for the development of sustainable forms of road infrastructure in small towns is the appropriate plan at an early stage or modifi cation in the case of existing spaces. A multi-directional approach is extremely important, which takes into account the specifi city of the regional (country) road system, availability, and capacity of traffi c network, but also social and environmental factors. Effi cient management...
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Down-Sampling of Large LiDAR Dataset in the Context of Off-Road Objects Extraction
PublicationNowadays, LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) is used in many fields, such as transportation. Thanks to the recent technological improvements, the current generation of LiDAR mapping instruments available on the market allows to acquire up to millions of three-dimensional (3D) points per second. On the one hand, such improvements allowed the development of LiDAR-based systems with increased productivity, enabling the quick acquisition...
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System for monitoring road slippery based on CCTV cameras and convolutional neural networks
PublicationThe slipperiness of the surface is essential for road safety. The growing number of CCTV cameras opens the possibility of using them to automatically detect the slippery surface and inform road users about it. This paper presents a system of developed intelligent road signs, including a detector based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the transferlearning method employed to the processing of images acquired with video...
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Assessment of the physical fitness of road cyclists in the step and ramp protocols of the incremental test
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Acoustic evaluation of road surfaces using different Close Proximity testing devices
PublicationAccording to the valid standard, Close Proximity (CPX) method intends to evaluate the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise. Measurements may be carried out with the use of a self-powered vehicle or a special test trailer equipped with testing tyre towed by another vehicle. Two different testing devices took part in the research organized in Poland in order to determine the ranking of road surfaces in terms of acoustic parameters....
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Evaluation and application of data from road weather stations for winter maintenance management
PublicationThe paper presents the analysis of road weather data from meteorological stations located at the Polish national roads of Pomerania District during the impact of winter conditions. Presented issue is particularly important from the point of view the problem of winter maintenance and especially for prediction and assurance of quality of asphalt pavement surface ie. resistance to low temperature cracking or risk of glazed frost....
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The impact of the Tri-City Ring Road on surface water of small endorheic wetlands
PublicationThe paper presents the results of the impact of the Tri-City Ring Road on small endorheic catchment basins. Particular attention was paid to pollution discharged from the road to the surface water, as well as changes in hydrological conditions in the vicinity of the road. In the study, surface water samples were analysed in terms of their electrolytic conductivity, pH and content of major minerals. GIS was also used to study transformation...
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Characteristics of volatile organic compounds emission profiles from hot road bitumens
PublicationA procedure for the investigation and comparison of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission profiles to the atmosphere from road bitumens with various degrees of oxidation is proposed. The procedure makes use of headspace analysis and gas chromatography with universal as well as selective detection, including gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The studies revealed that so-called vacuum residue, which is the main component...
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The use of lightweight aggregate saturated with PCM as a temperature stabilizing material for road surfaces.
PublicationThis paper presents the possibility of adding lightweight building aggregates to increase the stability – mechanical as well as thermal - of constructions and road objects. This stability can be achieved through saturating the porous granules of aggregate with a phase-change material (PCM) that allows the accumulation of solar heat. Intense solar radiation, especially during the summer, can cause the asphalt on road surfaces, bridges...
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Targ Węglowy as the keystone of two ring road complexes of Gdańsk city centre
PublicationThe urban structure of Gdansk city centre is determined by two ring road complexes. The first of them, the Gdansk Ring, has been created as a result of a city defortification at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and has been destroyed in the end of World War Two with the rest of Gdansk. The second, the Main Town Green Belt, has been formed in place of the medieval fortification system of the city’s most important historical...
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Tyre/road noise measurements on ISO tracks according to the UNECE Regulation 117
PublicationWithin the Polish-Norwegian research project ELANORE, a limited Round Robin Test has been performed on 3 ISO tracks in Northern Europe. The basic objective of the project is to improve the EU directive on labelling of tyres for noise and rolling resistance, and this directive is based on the measurement procedures defined in the UN ECE Reg.117. The same test car, test tyres and measurement equipment as well as personnel were used...
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Modeling the effect of electric vehicles on noise levels in the vicinity of rural road sections
PublicationNumerous European countries experience a steady increase in the share of electric (EV) and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles in the traffic stream. These vehicles, often referred to as low- or zero-emission vehicles, significantly reduce air pollution in the road environment. They also have a positive effect on noise levels in city centers and in the surroundings of low-speed roads. Nevertheless, issues related to modeling noise from...
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Numerical analysis of lumbar spine injury during road safety barrier collision
PublicationPurpose: Enhancing road safety is a critical goal worldwide, necessitating the development of clear standards for road safety systems. This study focuses on lumbar spine (L-spine) compression injuries during collisions with concrete road safety barriers (RSBs). It aims to analyze internal forces during impact to understand L-spine injury biomechanics in such accidents. Methods: The research included a literature review, analyzing...
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Examining the Impact of Distance Between VSL Road Signs on Vehicle Speed Variance
PublicationVariable speed limit (VSL) is an intelligent transportation system (ITS) solution for traffic management. The speed limits can be changed dynamically to adapt to traffic conditions such as visibility and traffic volume, curvature, and grip coefficient of the road surface. The VSL traffic sign location problem and attempts to solve it using computer simulation are presented in this paper. Experiments on a selected road segment,...
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Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine Injury in Road Barrier Collision–Finite Element Study
PublicationLiterature and field data from CIREN database have shown that lumbar spine injuries occur during car crashes. There are multiple hypotheses regarding how they occur; however, there is no biomechanical explanation for these injuries during collisions with road safety barriers (RSBs). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanics of vertebral fractures during car collisions with concrete RSBs. The finite...
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Tyre/road noise measurements on ISO tracks using the modified CPX method
PublicationTyre rolling noise test method specified in the UNECE Regulation 117 is directly used in the Tyre Labelling Directive. Noise level specified on EU Tyre Label of each new tyre available on the European market was determined based on vehicle coast-by noise measurements performed on the standard reference road surface proscribed in the ISO 10844:2014. Available data from investigations by the vehicle and tyre industry and results...
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An in-depth look at the tire rubber hardness influence on tire/road noise measurements
PublicationWhen assessing the acoustic quality of a road pavement with the close-proximity (CPX) or the on-board sound intensity (OBSI) method, the rubber hardness of the reference tire substantially affects the measurement. Practical experience shows that measurement tires can get significantly harder within a single measurement season. This is why one would like to normalize measurements to a reference rubber hardness. The recently published...
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Analysing the impact of traffic incidents on express road traffic flow using FREEVAL
PublicationTraffic incidents occurring on motorways or express roads cause disruptions and deteriorate traffic conditions. The impact will differ depending on the type of incident, its duration and space blocked on the roadway and can be measured with e.g. average speed reduction, extension of travel time, time lost or overall costs of traffic disruptions. The aim of the paper is to analyse this impact, based on data from the Tri-City Ring...
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Further development of the poroelastic road surface within the new Polish project SEPOR
PublicationRoad surfaces have a direct impact on noise generated by rolling tyres, the main and dominant source of noise of moving vehicles. Road surface texture, porosity and stiffness/elasticity govern the pavement contribution to tyre/road noise the most. An experimental PoroElastic Road Surface (PERS) is a wearing course with a high content of interconnected voids (pores) and with an elastic behavior due to the use of small particles...
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Essays on China's international trade - focus on One-Belt One-Road initiative
PublicationThis thesis explores China's international trade from trade, global value chains (GVCs) and export diversity, focusing on the "One-Belt One-Road" (OBOR) initiative proposed at the end of 2013. Specifically, I verify the potential association of OBOR with bilateral imports and exports in the first chapter. Then the relationship between OBOR and GVCs has been explored in Chapter 2. And I have extended the research in GVCs to China's...
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Roads unsafety - social costs
PublicationThe condition of road safety has a significant impact on the quality of citizens' life. Yearly, one in a hundred families in Poland suffers because of road accidents. It is affected by them not only in material terms but first and foremost in moral terms. Road accidents are one of the main causes of degradation in the quality of life. In Poland we hardly know anything about the fate of the road traffic victims, their life problems...