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Search results for: cigars
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Review of cigars and cigar-type products as potential sources of consumer exposure to heavy metals
PublicationThe popularity of cigars, growing since 1993, has not gone hand in hand with the increased interest of researchers in these products. Although the literature widely describes the harmfulness of tobacco and the content of toxic substances in tobacco products, the topic is often treated selectively as relating primarily to cigarettes and rarely extends to other products of the broadly defined tobacco industry. However, there is no...
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Screening evaluation of the quality of commercially available cigars, cigarillos, and bidis based on emission levels of selected terpenes and terpenoids
PublicationThe aim of the research was to verify the use of the solvent-free, non-destructive and easy to operate analytical method to study and compare the emissions of 16 representatives of terpenes and terpenoids from commercially available cigars, cigarillos and bidis − a potential screening analysis for the quality of combustible tobacco products. To assess the amount of organic compounds emitted to the gaseous phase from investigated...
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Biosynthetic and synthetic access to amino sugars.
PublicationAmino sugars are important constituents of a number of biomacromolecules and products of mi crobial secondary metabolism, including antibiotics. For most of them, the amino group is located at the positions C1, C2 or C3 of the hexose or pentose ring. In biological systems, amino sugars are formed due to the catalytic activity of specific aminotransferases or amidotransferases by introducing an amino functionality derived from L-glutamate...
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PTR-MS and electronic nose application for volatile fraction analysis of cigar tobacco
PublicationCigar consumers attach great importance to the quality of these products. At the same time, cigars are often expensive, so destructive analytical methods of quality control are not being desired. However, it has been found that there are many volatile organic compounds in their headspace. Because of that, proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry and electronic nose were used to analyse it. The obtained results were used to distinguish...
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Ability of Yeast Metabolic Activity to Reduce Sugars and Stabilize Betalains in Red Beet Juice
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Changes in Chemical Composition and Accumulation of Cryoprotectants as the Adaptation of Anholocyclic Aphid Cinara tujafilina to Overwintering
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Synthesis and characterization of resorcinol–formaldehyde resin chars doped by zinc oxide
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Segmentation of Passenger Electric Cars Market in Poland
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Application of Traction Supply System for Charging Electric Cars
PublicationThe development of electromobility involves the development of electric cars charging infrastructure. The increase of the number of chargers poses new demands for the AC power grid, especially in regard to its capacity of delivering high peak power. As an alternative for the public AC power grid, urban electrified transportation systems (trams, trolleybuses, and metro) can be used for supplying electric cars chargers. The article...
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Smart Services supporting Drivers in Effective Cars Parking
PublicationThe paper shows how to design and implement intelligent, service oriented systems for management of free places in distributed car parks. The idea of SOA technology is widely used. It is assumed that a state of every car park is automatically determined by a special electronic infrastructure including IoT solutions. The information received from such an infrastructure is sent to the main management system, which processes it and,...
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Adding Intelligence to Cars Using the Neural Knowledge DNA
PublicationIn this paper we propose a Neural Knowledge DNA based framework that is capable of learning from the car’s daily operation. The Neural Knowledge DNA is a novel knowledge representation and reasoning approach designed to support discovering, storing, reusing, improving, and sharing knowledge among machines and computing devices. We examine our framework for drivers' classification based on their driving behaviour. The experimental...
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Conversion of waste biomass to designed and tailored activated chars with valuable properties for adsorption and electrochemical applications
PublicationWaste biomass, a renewable energy source, is inexpensive material that has great potential in sorp-tion and electrochemical application. The selected waste materials (corncobs, coconut shells, wal-nuts, and pistachio husks) allow to close the production cycle and enable material recycling, which are important aspects in the hierarchy of waste management. The proposed methodology for pro-duction and activation of biochars can be...
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Studies of the Variability of Sugars, Vitamin C, and Chlorophylls in Differently Fermented Organic Leaves of Willowherb (Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub)
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Analysis of the Impact of Charging Electric Cars on the Power System Load
PublicationThe paper presents ways of integrating electric cars with the power system. In connection with this, daily load curves in the average working day have been developed in the G2V (Grid-to-Vehicle) and V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) variants. The G2V solution consists in unidirectional energy flow from the power system to a vehicle’s battery. The V2G solution consists in bi-directional energy exchange between the power system and electric...
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The contribution of tire/road noise to the overal noise of cars and motocycles
PublicationOmówiono wływ hałasu opon i hałasu jednostki napędowej na całkowity hałas generowany przez pojazd. Zaprezentowano opracowany w Katedrze pojazdów i Maszyn Roboczych PG program VENOM do symulacji halasu pojazdów w ruchu drogowym. Przy pomocy tego programu określono wpływ zmiennych warunków ruchu drogowego na hałas generowany przez pojazd. Uwzględnioino przyspieszanie na poszczególnych biegach, hamowanie z różnymi prędkościami oraz...
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RDE Testing of Passenger Cars: The Effect of the Cold Start on the Emissions Results
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A unified approach to the analysis of electric energy and fuel consumption of cars in city traffic
PublicationForecasting fuel and electricity consumption is an important factor determining the direction of changes in road engineering solutions, traffic management, selection of routes for public transport and development more efficient car drive systems. With a reliable and easy-to-use computational tool, it is possible to reduce the consumption of primary energy sources and reduce the emission of toxic compounds in cities. An analysis...
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The effect of a low ambient temperature on the cold-start emissions and fuel consumption of passenger cars
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Exhaust Emission from Passenger Cars During Engine Cold Start and Warm-Up
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Investigations of Ammonia Emissions from Euro 5 Passenger Cars Over a Legislative Driving Cycle
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Excess Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Modern Spark Ignition Passenger Cars at Low Ambient Temperatures
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Investigations into Particulate Emissions from Euro 5 Passenger Cars with DISI Engines Tested at Multiple Ambient Temperatures
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Carbon dioxide emissions and fuel consumption from passenger cars tested over the NEDC and WLTC – an overview and experimental results from market-representative vehicles
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Connected & Automated Urban Mobility, Zombie Cars and Kitchen Knives: Will Autonomous Automobiles, Self-Driving Car-Sharing and Ride-Hailing, and Driverless Shuttles Harm Cities?
PublicationThere is a deficiency of supportive evidence to verify thesis that cities are prepared for mobility revolution which already begun and will advance exponentially. Furthermore, present revisions mostly emphasize how emerging mobility solutions will alter transport efficiency or affect mass transit usage, rather than on urban morphology, metropolitan society, nor local communities. Author is thoroughly concerned that municipalities...
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Oznaczenie rtęci w tytoniu cygarowym jako wyzwanie analityczne
PublicationPrzed wybuchem pandemii COVID-19 obserwowano wyraźny i systematyczny wzrost rynku cygarowego, a co za tym idzie, również i grona cigar aficionado, czyli miłośników cygar. W pracy poruszono tematykę zawartości rtęci w cygarach i przedstawiono wyniki przeprowadzonych badań. Z racji wielu podobieństw porównano ją z zawartością tego pierwiastka w tytoniu papierosowym. Stężenie Hg w tytoniu papierosowym na przestrzeni kilkudziesięciu...
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Comparison and Optimization of Saccharification Conditions of Alkaline Pre-Treated Triticale Straw for Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolysis Followed by Ethanol Fermentation
PublicationThis paper concerns the comparison of the efficiency of two-stage hydrolysis processes, i.e., alkaline pre-treatment and acid hydrolysis, as well as alkaline pre-treatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis, carried out in order to obtain reducing sugars from triticale straw. For each of the analyzed systems, the optimization of the processing conditions was carried out with respect to the glucose yield. For the alkaline pre-treatment,...
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Non-volatile molecular composition and discrimination of single grape white of chardonnay, riesling, sauvignon blanc and silvaner using untargeted GC–MS analysis
PublicationThis study developed and applied a GC–MS method aiming at molecular fingerprinting of 120 commercial single grape white wines (Chardonnay, Riesling, Sauvignon Blanc and Silvaner) for possible authentication according to grape variety. The method allowed detection of 372 peaks and tentative identification of 146 metabolites including alcohols, organic acids, esters, amino acids and sugars. The grape variety effect explained 8.3%...
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Estimation of smokers' exposure to mercury from combustible tobacco products, based on the approach used in food consumers’ exposure estimation
PublicationSmoking has been known to mankind for centuries, but it is only in recent decades that much attention has been paid to the harmfulness of this habit. Mercury inhalation is particularly dangerous in this respect and smoking creates extremely favorable conditions for the emission and targeted delivery of this element into the lungs. Despite this fact, a lack of a clear method for estimating the exposure of tobacco consumers to mercury...
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Interior Point Method Evaluation for Reactive Power Flow Optimization in the Power System
PublicationThe paper verifies the performance of an interior point method in reactive power flow optimization in the power system. The study was conducted on a 28 node CIGRE system, using the interior point method optimization procedures implemented in Power Factory software.
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Assessment and design of greener deep eutectic solvents – A multicriteria decision analysis
PublicationDeep eutectic solvents (DES) are often considered as green solvents because of their properties, such as negligible vapor pressure, biodegradability, low toxicity or natural origin of their components. Due to the fact that DES are cheaper than ionic liquids, they have gained many applications in a short period of time. However, claims about their greenness sometimes seem to be exaggerated. Especially, bearing in mind lots of data...
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Ocena możliwości wykorzystania metody punktu wewnętrznego do optymalizacji rozpływu mocy biernej w systemie elektroenergetycznym – referat konferencyjny.
PublicationW referacie poddano weryfikacji metodę punktu wewnętrznego pod kątem jej wykorzystania do optymalizacji rozpływu mocy biernej w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Rozważania przeprowadzono na 28 węzłowym systemie CIGRE, z wykorzystaniem zaimplementowanej metody punktu wewnętrznego w programie PowerFactory firmy DIgSILENT.
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Analizator do weryfikacji składu mieszanin gazowych dla nurków
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono własną konstrukcję prostego i niezawodnego w działaniu analizatora do pomiaru stężeń helu i tlenu (w mieszaninach typu helioks), dwóch istotnych podstawowych parametrów gwarantujących bezpieczeństwo nurkowania. Zawartość helu mierzona jest czujnikiem termokonduktometrycznym własnej konstrukcji a tlenu za pomocą handlowej celki elektrochemicznej firmy Figaro. Maksymalny błąd względny dla obu składników nie...
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Potential reduction of traffic noise by the means of increased fleet of electric vehicles using a combination of low-noise tyres and low-noise road surfaces
PublicationIn the future, the number of zero-emission vehicles like electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (in electric mode) is expected to be a substantial part of the vehicle fleet. In Norway, such vehicles already account for approximately 20 % of all new cars sold. Since these vehicles emit negligible noise related to the power-train, the tyre/road noise is the dominating noise source. In the LEO project, tyres designed for such cars have...
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Characterization of d-xylose reductase, XyrB, from Aspergillus niger
PublicationD-xylose reductase is a member of the aldo-keto reductase family, and is involved in D-xylose and L-arabinose conversion through the Pentose Catabolic Pathway (PCP) in fungi. In this study, we biochemically characterized a newly identified second D-xylose reductase (XyrB) from Aspergillus niger. This NADPH-dependent reductase is able to efficiently convert D-xylose and L-arabinose, and it has the highest affinity for these sugars...
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Green products from herbal medicine wastes by subcritical water treatment
PublicationHerbal medicine wastes (HMWs) are byproducts of medicine factories, which are mainly landfilled for their environmental problems. Only bearing in mind the contamination and concerns caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and environmental emissions, the worth of herbal medicine wastes management and conversion to green products can be understood. In this work, subcritical water treatment was carried out batch-wise in a stainless tube...
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Regulacje prawne odnoszące się do testowania samochodów autonomicznych na drogach publicznych w Polsce i w Kalifornii
PublicationThe current level of technological advancement allows for predicting that in the near future autonomous technology may be successfully used for the production of self-driving cars. Many companies (not necessarily related to the automotive sector) have spotted the chance of future profits and thus started working on testing and development of autonomous vehicles. The initiation of work has indicated the lack of possibility to test...
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Neutral earthing reactor protection
PublicationThe IEEE and CIGRE recommend protection systems for high voltage shunt reactors. Unfortunately the recommendations do not include guidelines for the protection of neutral earthing reactors, which are often connected to shunt reactors to increase the effectiveness of single pole auto-reclosing. The paper discusses earthing reactor protection issues with particular emphasis on the detection of internal faults. An analysis carried...
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Monitoring of Odour Nuisance from Landfill Using Electronic Nose
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on classification of atmospheric air samples collected in a vicinity of municipal landfill with respect to their odour nuisance. The research was conducted using a prototype of electronic nose instrument and a commercial electronic nose of Fast/Flash GC type –HERACLES II. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co.. Classification of the air samples...
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Solubility advantage of sulfanilamide and sulfacetamide in natural deep eutectic systems: experimental and theoretical investigations
PublicationObjective: The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) as solvation media for enhancement of solubility of sulfonamides, as well as gaining some thermodynamic characteristics of the analyzed systems. Significance: Low solubility of many active pharmaceutical ingredients is a well-recognized difficulty in pharmaceutical industry, hence the need for different strategies addressing...
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Comparison of Quality Evaluation of Agricultural Distillates Using Prototype of Electronic Nose and Fast/Flash GC
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on quality evaluation of agricultural distillates using a prototype of electronic nose instrument and a commercial electronic nose of Fast/Flash GC type – HERACLES II. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co.. In case of the prototype volatile fraction of the agricultural distillate was prepared via barbotage process. HERACLES II analysed the...
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Experience-Based Cognition for Driving Behavioral Fingerprint Extraction
PublicationABSTRACT With the rapid progress of information technologies, cars have been made increasingly intelligent. This allows cars to act as cognitive agents, i.e., to acquire knowledge and understanding of the driving habits and behavioral characteristics of drivers (i.e., driving behavioral fingerprint) through experience. Such knowledge can be then reused to facilitate the interaction between a car and its driver, and to develop better and...
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ReCOMmendations for the treatment of INFLUENZA in children for Primary care physiciAnS – COMPAS INFLUENZA
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Treatment of insomnia in older adults. Recommendations of the Polish Sleep Research Society, Polish Society of Family Medicine and the Polish Psychiatric Association
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Comparison of Evaluation of Air Odour Quality in Vicinity of Petroleum Plant Using a Prototype of Electronic Nose Instrument and Fast GC Technique
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on classification of the ambient air samples collected in a vicinity of the LOTOS Group S.A. petroleum plant with respect to odour. The investigations were carried out with an electronic nose prototype and a commercial electronic nose of Fast GC-type – HERACLES II. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co. and a photoionization sensor of PID-type....
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Identification of Kinematic Excitation Function by the Modal Coordinates Estimation of the System's Dynamics
PublicationThe paper presents a method of the kinematic excitation courses’ identification in excitation points, based on the car road test acceleration at different measurement points. For the purpose of the laboratory fatigue life investigation of contemporary complex structures (e.g. cars bodies) and components of these structures (i.e. cars roofs), only a few first vibration modes are usually taken into account. During real life tests...
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Directions and Prospects for the Development of the Electric Car Market in Selected ASEAN Countries
PublicationThe purpose of this article is to present the current situation and evaluate the opportuni‐ ties for the development of the electric car market in selected Southeast Asian countries in the con‐ text of the current situation in the rest of the world. Currently, the electric car market is at an ad‐ vanced stage of development in regions such as Western Europe, the USA, and China. It should be noted, however, that the number of electric...
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Evaluation of Ambient Air Odour Quality in Vicinity of Municipal Landfill Using Electronic Nose Technique
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on ambient air quality evaluation with respect to concentration of odorants in a vicinity of municipal landfill. The investigation was carried out with a prototype of electronic nose and a team of panelists utilizing the Nasal Ranger field olfactometers. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co. and one PID-type sensor. Performed measurements...
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Multi-domain and Context-Aware Recommendations Using Contextual Ontological User Profile
PublicationRecommender Systems (RS) became popular tools in many Web services like Netflix, Amazon, or YouTube, because they help a~user to avoid an information overload problem. One of the types of RS are Context-Aware RS (CARS) which exploit contextual information to provide more adequate recommendations. Cross-Domain RS (CDRS) were created as a response to the data sparsity problem which occurs when only few users can provide reviews or...
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Determination of Terpene Profile in Cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) with Use of HS-SPME/GCxGC-TOFMS Method
PublicationFresh fruits and products made of them, especially fruit juice, provide the basic energetic substances (simple and complex sugars) and are a source of health beneficial vitamins, macro and microelements, antioxidants and compounds which are classified together with essential oils (for example terpenes), which positively affect human s health. The terpenes profile of cape gooseberry was determined by headspace solid--phase microextraction...
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Irrigation Effects of Red Beet as Affected by Rainfall in Different Regions of Poland
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