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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: electric power distribution
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Temperature distribution in laser-clad multi-layers
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Model of pressure distribution in vortex flow controls
PublikacjaThe paper is devoted to the vortex valve. Existing devices are described by CFD-methods, or by means of simple empirical relations. A rational method of the considered object design is proposed, on the base of the input and dissipation energy balance., what gives a simple algebraic equation. Conformity between calcul;ated and measured parameters of the vortex valve allows for acceptation of the proposed concept.
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Temperature distribution of supercapacitors prepared by various technologies
PublikacjaSupercapacitors, also known by different names such as electrostatic double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) or ultra-capacitors, are electrical storage devices still in development. These devices require fast and reliable methods of assessing their state-of-health. Thermographic imaging is a method which can be applied with this aim due to its popularity, and the high negative impact of overheating on a supercapacitor’s parameters. Moreover,...
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Temperature distribution in laser-clad multi-layers
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono porownanie rezultatów numerycznej symulacji rozkładu temperatur w warstwach nakładanych laserowo z wynikami pomiarów doświadczalnych. Otrzymano bardzo dobrą zgodność wyników co pozwala wnioskować, że przedstawiony model numeryczny może służyć jako efektywne narzędzie wstępnego doboru parametrów procesu laserowego nakładania warstw.
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Distribution of heat generated by a local heat source
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono analizę rozpływu ciepła wygenerowanego przez lokalne źródło umieszczone w płycie, po której przepływa warstwa wody.
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Cross-border transmission line configuration influence on the electrical power and energy billing process
PublikacjaIn 2015 a connection between the Polish and Lithuanian power systems become fully operational. The connection consists of a 400 kV double circuit transmission line and a back-to-back HVDC substation located on the Lithuanian side. A magnetic couplings between the circuits of the transmission line cause that during power transmission a different values of active power losses are observed in both circuits. This situation may cause...
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Normal stress distribution in built‑up cold‑formed column in relation to interconnecting bolt spacing
PublikacjaIn order to increase a stiffness of cold-formed steel (CFS) elements it is practised to built-up the cross-section. In the analysed case, a main element is strengthened by adding extra chord in contact partially along the column. This additional chord acts as a longitudinal stiffener connected with the main section by series of bolts. Authors check whether rules applied over the years, for hot-rolled elements, can be indiscriminately...
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AC-DC-DC Converter for Small Power Energy Storage Systems
PublikacjaThe energy transformation driven by the development of renewable energy sources has become a reality for all power grid users. Prosumer energy, primarily utilizing photovoltaic installations, is one of the fastest-growing market segments. The advancement of technology, a decrease in electrochemical energy storage prices, and changes in the legal framework governing energy billing for grid-fed power have led to a growing interest...
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Multi-objective optimization of water quality, pumps operation, and storage sizing of water distribution systems
PublikacjaA multi-objective methodology utilizing the Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm (SPEA2) linked to EPANET for trading-off pumping costs, water quality, and tanks sizing of water distribution systems is developed and demonstrated. The model integrates variable speed pumps for modeling the pumps operation, two water quality objectives (one based on chlorine disinfectant concentrations and one on water age), and tanks sizing cost...
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Compensation of Dead Time Effects for Shunt Active Power Filters
PublikacjaThe paper presents a comprehensive approach to the compensation of the grid current distortion for shunt active power filter systems. Four different sources of current distortion are addressed: imperfect grid synchronization caused by the distortion in the grid voltages, time delays in the estimation of compensating currents and grid voltages, fluctuations of the dc bus voltage, and the distortion of inverter output voltages due...
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High Frequency Harmonics Emission of Modern Power Electronic AC-DC Converters
PublikacjaModern AC/DC converters with bidirectional power flow employing PWM boost topology generate harmonic distortions of input current in relatively high frequency range tightly related to modulation carrier frequency. These frequencies and its multiples in typical applications are usually located in frequency range from single up to several of kHz. Increased harmonic emission in this frequency range can easily and harmfully influence...
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Computer-aided analysis of resonance risk in power system with Static Var Compensators
PublikacjaStatic Var Compensators operation in a power system may significantly improve voltage profiles in nodes and the reactive power balance, as well as ensure greater system stability in emergency conditions. However these devices may be a cause of a resonance in the system. The aim of this paper is to call attention to the need to include resonance phenomena in a compensator’s location evaluation process. The analysis performed in...
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Advanced ultra super critical power plants: role of buttering layer
PublikacjaDissimilar metal welded (DMW) joint plays a crucial role in constructing and maintaining ultra-supercritical (USC) nuclear power plants while presenting noteworthy environmental implications. This research examines different welding techniques utilized in DMWJ, specifically emphasizing materials such as P91. The study investigates the mechanical properties of these materials, the impact of alloying elements, the notable difficulties...
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Method of sum of power losses as a way for determining the ki coefficients of energy losses in hydraulic motor
PublikacjaThis paper shows application of the method of sum of power losses to determining energy losses which occur in hydraulic rotary motor in situation when not all laboratory data are at one’s disposal or when no use is made of data contained in catalogue charts. The method makes it possible to determine the coefficients ,ki , of energy losses occurring in the motor. The method of sum of power losses is based on the approach proposed...
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Optimization of Nuclear Power Share in the Structure of Electricity Production in Poland in Time Perspective by 2060
PublikacjaThe author of this paper presented the results of a system analysis using MARKAL model, aiming at the optimization of nuclear power share in power generation structure in Poland in time perspective by 2060. Optimization criterion is the minimization of the objective function, i.e. the total cost of energy system, taking into account constraints related to CO2, SOx and NOx emissions and obligatory shares of electricity from renewable...
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Technological and Media Platforms: Redefinition of Meanings as Symbolic Power over the Discourse
PublikacjaRedefining the meanings of such social terms as “likes” and “friends” on Facebook is a popular practice. In terms of consistency, the (auto)-redefinition of the term “platform” is itself particularly important from a media management perspective. The article proposes to consider the redefinition of meanings as a form of wielding non-transparent power over discourse. From this perspective, redefining a meaning is a form of holding...
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Single-phase power electronics transformer with active functions for smart grid
PublikacjaThis paper presents the control of one cell of a modular single-phase power electronics transformer with active functions for meeting the smart grid concept. In this way, the converter could be used not only as a conventional transformer but also for grid such as reactive power, harmonic elimination and energy storage. The topology of the cell is composed by a bidirectional converter with three stages: a half bridge in the input...
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A Power-Efficient Digital Technique for Gain and Offset Correction in Slope ADCs
PublikacjaIn this brief, a power-efficient digital technique for gain and offset correction in slope analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) has been proposed. The technique is especially useful for imaging arrays with massively parallel image acquisition where simultaneous compensation of dark signal non-uniformity (DSNU) as well as photo-response non-uniformity (PRNU) is critical. The presented approach is based on stopping the ADC clock by...
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Przestrzenne aspekty produkcji i sprzedaży trolejbusów Solaris Trollino
PublikacjaKomunikacja trolejbusowa nie jest popularną formą transportu miejskiego w Polsce, ale polski producent taboru dla komunikacji - Solaris Bus & Coach - jest wiodącym producentem trolejbusów niskopodłogowych w Europie. W artykule przedstawiono ideę budowy trolejbusów, rozwój konstrukcji oraz postęp w produkcji i sprzedaży trolejbusów w latach 2001-2014. W analizowanym okresie polska firma wprowadziła na rynek nowy produkt – trolejbus...
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Wavelet transform-based approach to defect identification in railway carbon contact strips.
PublikacjaPantographs of electric rail vehicles are fitted with carbon contact strips, which slide along the contact wire of catenary to provide constant electrical contact. Contact strips are exposed to wear and damages. Using damaged contact strips significantly increases the risk of catenary rupture. Therefore, their technical condition has to be inspected frequently. In previous work a 3D laser scanning system was proposed for recording...
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Recycling of Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Modules - Te State - Of - Art
PublikacjaIn comparison to other energy producing techniques, photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising options: no emission of any matter into the environment during operation; extremely long operation period (estimated average: 25 years), minimum maintenance, robust technique, aesthetic aspects. The use of photovoltaics is rapidly increasing, and the respective market is developing accordingly. Although PV manufacturing equipment...
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Cross sections for electron collision with pyridine [C5H5N] molecule
PublikacjaThe absolute grand -total cross section (TCS) for electron scattering from pyridine, C5H5N, molecules has been measured at impact energies from 0.6 to 300 eV in the linear electron-transmission experiment. The obtained TCS energy dependence appears to be typical for targets of high electric-dipole moment; the cross section generally decreases with rising energy, except for the 3–20 eV range, where a broad enhancement peaked near...
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CURRENT TRENDS IN RECYCLING OF PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR CELLS AND MODULES WASTE
PublikacjaIn comparison to other energy producing techniques, photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising options: no emission of any matter into the environment during operation; extremely long operation period (estimated average: 25 years), minimum maintenance, robust technique, aesthetic aspects. The use of photovoltaics is rapidly increasing, and the respective market is developing accordingly. Although PV manufacturing equipment...
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Investigation of the electrochemical behaviour of AA1050 aluminium alloy in aqueous alkaline solutions using Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
PublikacjaThe paper presents the electrochemical behaviour of aluminium alloy AA1050 in aqueous alkaline media in the pH range 14–8.5. Electrochemical study was applied in order to obtain comprehensive information on the mechanism and kinetics of the process of anodic dissolution of aluminium, supplemented by monitoring of surface topography using an electron microscope. The corrosion rate of AA1050 increases with increasing concentration...
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Shaking table experimental study on damage mechanism of the disconnecting switch under seismic excitation
PublikacjaThe efficiency of the energetic network is a very import safety issue in the region experienced by the earthquake. High voltage disconnecting switches are important elements of the energetic infrastructure used to separate electric circuits (i.e. during repairs), which should not be damaged remaining fully operational. The aim of the paper is to show the results of the shaking table experimental investigation focused on damage...
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A Simplified SVPWM Technique for Five-leg Inverter with Dual Three-phase Output
PublikacjaThis article proposes a simplified space vector pulse-width modulation (SVPWM) technique five-leg inverter with dual three-phase output. An idea to fed the dual tree-phase machine by the multiphase voltage source inverters (VSIs) is not new. Dual- and multi-motor drive systems are widely used in the industry applications. The most popular fields are: electric vehicles (EVs) and traction systems. Moreover, the specific characteristic...
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Electrochemical synthesis of 2D copper coordination-polymers: Layer-stacking deviation induced by the solvent and its effect on the adsorptive properties
PublikacjaA 2D Cu-based Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), namely copper-terephthalate (Cu(1,4-BDC)), was successfully synthesized by electrochemical method for effective methylene blue (MB) sorption from aqueous solutions. The composition, morphology, and the presence of functional groups in the obtained material were verified by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Powder X-Ray Diffraction (PXRD), Thermal (TGA), and Elemental (EA)...
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Sano-Tachiya-Noolandi-Hong, Onsager and Braun models vs Monte Carlo simulation of charge photogeneration in organic solids
PublikacjaThe Sano-Tachiya-Noolandi-Hong (STNH), Onsager, and Braun models as well as Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of charge recombination/separation have been applied for the first time to reproduce the results of the electromodulated photoluminescence measurements in vacuum-evaporated films of fluorescent materials commonly used in optoelectronic devices. The values of the electron-hole pair final recombination speed in the monomer emitters:...
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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(zwitterionic) Structures for Energy Conversion and Storage
PublikacjaZwitterions are unique class of molecules that possess two functional groups bearing electric charges, one positive and second negative. This setup results in peculiar properties such as high water retention and anti-fouling capability. Therefore, zwitterionic coatings and gels are commonly applied in e.g. biosensing and bioelectronic devices. Despite those applications, there are other perspectives for zwitterionic materials....
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Optimization of Train Energy Cooperation Using Scheduled Service Time Reserve
PublikacjaThe main aim of the paper was to develop an innovative approach to the preliminary estimation possibility of train energy cooperation based on data from timetables, without traction calculations. The article points out the need to strive for sustainable and environmentally friendly transport. It was pointed out that rail transport using electric traction is one of the more ecological branches of transport. It also offers a number...
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Graphitic carbon nitride/bismuth-based Z-scheme heterojunctions for the photocatalytic removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products — a review
PublikacjaZ-scheme heterojunction in recent years is one of the most promising approaches in photocatalytic materials in solar light region for various environmental applications, including the removal of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Integrating g-C3N4 and Bi-based semiconductors via Z-scheme is highly effective in providing efficient flow of charge carriers along with suitable redox sites. The g-C3N4/Bi-based photocatalysts...
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High-Power Jamming Attack Mitigation Techniques in Spectrally-Spatially Flexible Optical Networks
PublikacjaThis work presents efficient connection provisioning techniques mitigating high-power jamming attacks in spectrally-spatially flexible optical networks (SS-FONs) utilizing multicore fibers. High-power jamming attacks are modeled based on their impact on the lightpaths’ quality of transmission (QoT) through inter-core crosstalk. Based on a desired threshold on a lightpath’s QoT, the modulation format used, the length of the path,...
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Optimizing control by robustly feasible model predictive control and application to drinking water distribution systems
PublikacjaThe paper considers optimizing Model Predictive Control (MPC) for nonlinear plants with output constraints under uncertainties. Although the MPC technology can handle the constraints in the model by solving constraint model based optimization task, satisfying the plant output constraints under the model uncertainty still remains a challenge. The paper proposes Robustly Feasible MPC (RFMPC), which achieves feasibility of the outputs...
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Inverse and forward surrogate models for expedited design optimization of unequal-power-split patch couplers
PublikacjaIn the paper, a procedure for precise and expedited design optimization of unequal power split patchcouplers is proposed. Our methodology aims at identifying the coupler dimensions that correspond to thecircuit operating at the requested frequency and featuring a required power split. At the same time, thedesign process is supposed to be computationally efficient. The proposed methodology involves two typesof auxiliary models (surrogates):...
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Small power laboratory model and high power prototype of the four-level VSI
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Two Time-Scale Hierarchical Control of Integrated Quantity and Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
PublikacjaThe paper considers a feedback optimising control of drinking water distribution systems (DWDS). Although the optimised pump and valves scheduling and disinfectant injection control attracted considerable attention over last two decades most of the contributions were limited to an open-loop optimisation repetitively performed during the DWDS operation. Also, while a strong interaction between the water quantity and quality exists...
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Optimization of combined heat and power (CHP) market allocation: The case of Poland
PublikacjaCombined heat and power (CHP), that is production of electricity and useful heat in a single thermodynamic process, is a way of primary energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, promotion of the electricity from high-efficiency cogeneration (CHP-E) was encouraged in the European Union. However, CHP-E promotion mechanisms proved low effectiveness in certain countries, like Poland, where the prices of certificates of origin...
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Optimal Rotating Receiver Angles Estimation for Multicoil Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer
PublikacjaThis study proposed an approach to dynamic wireless charging that uses a rotating receiver coil. Our simulation study focused on the verification of a novel way of increasing the coupling coefficient and power transfer stability by following the flux of the transmitting coils. To obtain the highest possible coupling by means of the FEM analysis, we studied the optimization of the trajectory of the angular velocity of the rotating...
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Operation of the 900 MW power plant with the ORC supplied from three heat sources
PublikacjaThe chapter is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach to increase...
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Water retention curves of sandy soils obtained from direct measurements, particle size distribution, and infiltration experiments
PublikacjaAccurate information about soil water retention curves (SWRCs) of sands is essential for evaluating groundwater recharge and vulnerability to contamination in many shallow sandy aquifers which are widespread on post glacial areas in Northern Europe and North America. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) allow to estimate SWRC from basic physical characteristics of soils, such as textural composition. However, in the case of clean sands...
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Numbers, Please: Power- and Voltage-Related Indices in Control of a Turbine-Generator Set
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the proper selection and interpretation of aggregated control performance indices values mirroring the quality of electrical energy generation by a turbine-generator set cooperating with a power system. Typically, a set of basic/classical and individual indices is used in energy engineering to ensure the mirroring feature and is related to voltage, frequency and active or reactive power deviations from their...
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Innovative Bidirectional Isolated High-Power Density On-Board Charge for Vehicle-to-Grid
PublikacjaThis paper deals with developing and implementing a bidirectional galvanically isolated on-board charger of a high-power density. The power density of the new charger was 4 kW/kg and 2.46 kW/dm3, and the maximum efficiency was 96.4% at 3.4 kW. Due to the requirement to achieve a high-power density, a single-stage inverter topology was used. Regarding switching losses, due to the topology of the circuit with so-called hard switching,...
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Spatial distribution of pharmaceuticals in conventional wastewater treatment plant with Sludge Treatment Reed Beds technology
PublikacjaPharmaceutical residues are an emerging environmental problem. It is strongly confirmed that pharmaceuticals are present in soils and environmental waters (surface, marine and even groundwater), and that wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are the main source of pharmaceuticals in the watershed. The aim of this studywas to recognize the spatial distribution and seasonal changes of selected pharmaceuticals in conventional WWTP...
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Analog CMOS processor for early vision processing with highly reduced power consumption
PublikacjaA new approach to an analog ultra-low power visionchip design is presented. The prototype chip performs low-levelconvolutional image processing algorithms in real time. Thecircuit is implemented in 0.35 μm CMOS technology, contains64 x 64 SIMD matrix with embedded analogue processors APE(Analogue Processing Element). The photo-sensitive-matrix is of2.2 μm x 2.2 μm size, giving the density of 877 processors permm2. The matrix dissipates...
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Effect of soil moisture on current-carrying capacity of low-voltage power cables
PublikacjaOne of the factors affecting current-carrying capacity of underground power cables is the thermal resistivity of soil. Its value in the close proximity of the cable is the most important, and for this reason, in some cases, the local soil is replaced with an another soil type or with a cement-sand mixture. The thermal resistivity of the soil is strongly affected by moisture, and in the case of a cement-sand mixture – as tested...
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Możliwości sterowania mocą bierną elektrowni wiatrowej : Reactive power control methods in wind parks
PublikacjaReferat poświęcony jest zagadnieniu sterowania mocą bierną w elektrowniach wiatrowych. W pierwszej części referatu opisano tło problemu sterowania mocą bierną w parkach wiatrowych, podano powody, dla których moc bierna powinna podlegać regulacji oraz zarysowano metody, które mogą być do niej użyte. W celu sprawdzenia proponowanych metod kompensacji, zbudowano model matematyczny elektrowni wiatrowej, którego poszczególne elementy...
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Data-driven models for fault detection using kernel pca:a water distribution system case study
PublikacjaKernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA), an example of machine learning, can be considered a non-linear extension of the PCA method. While various applications of KPCA are known, this paper explores the possibility to use it for building a data-driven model of a non-linear system-the water distribution system of the Chojnice town (Poland). This model is utilised for fault detection with the emphasis on water leakage detection....
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Magnetic and capacitive couplings influence on power losses in double circuit high voltage overhead transmission line
PublikacjaPurpose – The paper aims to discuss problems of power and energy losses in a double-circuit overhead transmission line. It was observed from energymeters’ readings, that in such a line, active power losses can be measured as “negative”. The “negative” active power losses appear when the active power injected to the circuit is lower than the active power received at the circuit end. The purpose of this paper is to explain this phenomenon. Theoretical...