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Experimental and numerical investigations of size effects in reinforced concrete beams with steel or basalt bars.
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń efektów skali w belkach betonowych zbrojonych prętami stalowymi i bazaltowymi podczas zginania. Zastosowano model sprężysto-plastyczny z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Rozkład wytrzymałości na rozciąganie był stochastyczny – przestrzennie skorelowany. Belki były geometrycznie podobne. Wyniki porównano z modelem efektu skali Bazanta
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Reference-free determination of debonding length in reinforced concrete beams using guided wave propagation
PublikacjaThis paper presents theoretical and experimental investigations of guided wave propagation in reinforced concrete beams, with pre-existing debonding between steel rebars and concrete blocks, for the purpose of damage detection. The primary aim of these investigations was a detailed analysis of the possible applications of wave propagation in single and multiple debonding detection in reinforced concrete structures and reference-free...
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Reinforced concrete thin wall dome after eighty years of operation in maritime climate environment
PublikacjaThe paper presents a description of the construction elements of the Gdynia Seaport main hall dome. Firstly, it provides information about the technical condition of the dome’s structure. Secondly, it examines the strength analysis of the thin-walled reinforced concrete dome covering. Throughout the last 80 years the building has been exposed to an unfavourable marine climate. The analysis of the state of stress and deformations...
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A study on fibre-reinforced concrete elements properties based on the case of habitat modules in the underwater sills
PublikacjaHydrotechnical constructions are mostly objects functioning in extreme conditions and requiring a custom-made construction project. In the case of using prefabricated elements, it is required to develop production, transport, assembly, conservation and repair technology. Concerning the problem of concrete cracks, modern repair systems allow positive effects to be achieved in many cases of concrete elements repair. In this work...
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Experimental Investigations of Fracture Process Using DIC in Plain and Reinforced Concrete Beams under Bending
PublikacjaThe fracture behaviour of concrete and reinforced concrete beams under quasi-static three-point bending was comprehensively investigated with experiments at laboratory scale. The eight various concrete mixes were tested. The influence of the shape, volume and size of aggregate particles and reinforcement on concrete fracture under bending was studied. Displacements on the surface of concrete beams were measured by means of the...
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Analysis of strain localization in reinforced concrete elements with explicit second-gradient strain damage approach
PublikacjaArtykuł omawia obliczanie elementów żelbetowych przy zastosowaniu modelu zniszczeniowego z degradacją sztywności z uwzględnieniem lokalizacji odkształceń. Obliczenia wykonano dla belek żelbetowych.
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FE-investigations on crack spacing in reinforced concrete beams within non-local continuum mechanics.
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki numerycznej analizy rozstawu rys w belkach żelbetowych przy zastosowaniu dwóch ciągłych modeli nielokalnych. Zbadano wpływ wielu różnych parametrów na rozstaw rys.
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Detection of debonding in reinforced concrete beams using ultrasonic transmission tomography and hybrid ray tracing technique
PublikacjaThis paper concerns inspection of reinforced concrete elements, with particular emphasis on assessing the quality of the adhesive connection between steel and concrete. A novel theoretical model was developed to determine the paths of transmitted, refracted and reflected elastic waves as well as a creeping wave propagated along the inclusion surface. Imaging the internal structure of tested beams was based on wave propagation measurements...
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Investigations on fracture in reinforced concrete beams in 3-point bending using continuous micro-CT scanning
PublikacjaThis study explores a fracture process in rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) beams subjected to quasi-static three-point bending. RC beams were short and long with included longitudinal reinforcement in the form of a steel or basalt bar. The ratio of the shear span to the effective depth was 1.5 and 0.75. The focus was on the load–deflection diagram and crack formation. Three-dimensional (3D) analyses of the size and distribution...
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Modelling reinforced concrete beams under mixed shear-tension failure with different continuous FE approaches
PublikacjaThe paper presents quasi-static numerical simulations of the behaviour of short reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement under mixed shear-tension failure using the FEM and four various constitutive continuum models for concrete. First, an isotropic elasto-plastic model with a Drucker-Prager criterion defined in compression and with a Rankine criterion defined in tension was used. Next, an anisotropic smeared crack...
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Examination of advanced isotropic constitutive laws under complex stress states in plain and reinforced concrete specimens
PublikacjaThe performance of advanced isotropic constitutive laws under complex stress states in plain and reinforced concrete specimens is investigated. Three different formulations are chosen: original Mazars model, Mazars mi model and model proposed by Pereira and coworkers. The degradation of the material in all formulations is described via a single variable, but a strain/stress state is taken into account via quite sophisticated relationships....
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Characterization of fracture process in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete using ultrasonic waves and digital image correlation
PublikacjaThis study explores the monitoring of the fracture process in concrete beams and aims to characterize the evolution of damage in polyolefin fibre-reinforced concrete beams by utilizing the integrated application of two measurement techniques, digital image correlation and ultrasonic testing. The interpretation of registered wave time histories data was provided by the calculation of the magnitude-phase-composite metrics. An efficient...
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Textile reinforced concrete members subjected to tension, bending, and in-plane loads: Experimental study and numerical analyses
PublikacjaTextile reinforced concrete has raised increasing research interest during the last years, mainly due to its potential to be used for freeform shell structures involving complex load situations. Yet, most experimental work has focused on test setups with primarily uniaxial loading. In the current work, such setups are complemented with a novel test setup of deep beams, including in-plane bending and shear. Further, nonlinear finite...
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Chained machine learning model for predicting load capacity and ductility of steel fiber–reinforced concrete beams
PublikacjaOne of the main issues associated with steel fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams is the ability to anticipate their flexural response. With a comprehensive grid search, several stacked models (i.e., chained, parallel) consisting of various machine learning (ML) algorithms and artificial neural networks (ANNs) were developed to predict the flexural response of SFRC beams. The flexural performance of SFRC beams under bending was...
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Prediction of fracture toughness in fibre-reinforced concrete, mortar, and rocks using various Machine learning techniques
PublikacjaMachine Learning (ML) method is widely used in engineering applications such as fracture mechanics. In this study, twenty different ML algorithms were employed and compared for the prediction of the fracture toughness and fracture load in modes I, II, and mixed-mode (I-II) of various materials, including fibre-reinforced concrete, cement mortar, sandstone, white travertine, marble, and granite. A set of 401 specimens of “Brazilian...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublikacjaThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-off adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by...
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Effectiveness of various types of coating materials applied in reinforced concrete exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and chlorides
PublikacjaThis study assesses the durability of coated and uncoated concrete surfaces protected with four Different coating materials: water-soluble (BW), solvent-based (BR), mineral (MI), and epoxy (EP). The durability assessment includes evaluating the absorption rate of water, pull-of adhesion strength, and coating material thickness. Concrete samples were subjected to immersion in regular water and a 7% urea solution, followed by cyclic...
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Badania eksploatacyjne żelbetonu podczas realizacji ochrony katodowej. Investigations of cathodic protection of exposed reinforced concrete
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki badań realizacji ochrony katodowej stalowego zbrojenia betonu. Jako anodę zastosowano powłokę ochronną charakteryzującą się wysokim przewodnictwem elektrycznym. Podczas ekspozycji wykonywano pomiary potencjału powłok, który odzwierciedla zmiany rezystancji elektrycznej. Powłoki zawierające niskie zawartości grafitu charakteryzują się wysokimi rezystancjami rosnącymi podczas realizacji ochrony, ponadto w stosunku...
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Modelling of reinforced concrete beams under mixed shear-tension failure with different continuous FE approaches
PublikacjaW artykule omówiono wyniki modelowania numerycznego MES zachowania się wysokich belek żelbetowych podczas zniszczenia mieszanego ścinanie-rozciąganie. Obliczenia wykonano stosując różne modele dla betonu rozszerzone o długość charakterystyczną mikrostruktury w oparciu o teorie nielokalna. Otrzymano dobrą zgodność z wynikami doświadczalnymi.
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Finite element analysis on failure of reinforced concrete corner in sewage tank under opening bending moment
PublikacjaW artykule omówiono mechanizm uszkodzenia żelbetowego zbiornika ściekowego w narożniku ściany, który uległ uszkodzeniu podczas próby wypełnienia na skutek nadmiernych przemieszczeń poziomych ścian pod wpływem otwierającego momentu zginającego. Aby wyjaśnić przyczyny awarii, przeprowadzono kompleksowe obliczenia metodą elementów skończonych (MES) żelbetowego zbiornika w warunkach odkształcenia płaskiego. Beton zamodelowano za pomocą...
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3D X-ray Micro-CT Analysis of Rebar Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Subjected to a Chloride-Induced Environment
PublikacjaThe paper presents experimental investigations of the concrete cover protective ability to coun-teract rebar corrosion in reinforced concrete cubes. To study and quantify the consequences of corrosion a reinforced concrete sample was subjected to chloride-induced environment in order to get corroded and combined with un-corroded sample. Chloride-accelerated technique can in-duce a high degree of corrosion within at a controlled...
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Analytical approach for membrane action in laterally-restrained reinforced concrete square slabs under uniformly distributed loads
PublikacjaLaterally-restrained reinforced concrete slabs can mobilise compressive membrane action and subsequent tensile membrane action under extreme loading conditions, thereby enhancing the load resistance under uniformly distributed loads. Previous analytical study focuses primarily on tensile membrane action in simply-supported slabs. This paper describes an analytical approach for membrane action in laterally-restrained square slabs....
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Characterization of Corrosion-Induced Fracture in Reinforced Concrete Beams Using Electrical Potential, Ultrasound and Low-Frequency Vibration
PublikacjaThe paper deals with the non-destructive experimental testing of the reinforced concrete beams under progressive corrosion. A series of experiments using electrical potential, ultrasound and low-frequency vibrations techniques are reported. Electrical potential and natural frequencies were used to characterise and monitor the corrosion process at its initial state. The P-wave velocity measurements were proved to be effective in...
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Evaluation of pounding effects between reinforced concrete frames subjected to far-field earthquakes in terms of damage index
PublikacjaIn this paper, three different damage indexes were used to detect nonlinear damages in two adjacent Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures considering pounding effects. 2-, 4- and 8-story benchmark RC Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) were selected for this purpose with 60%, 75%, and 100% of minimum separation distance and also without any in-between separation gap. These structures were analyzed using the incremental dynamic analysis...
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Optimization-based stacked machine-learning method for seismic probability and risk assessment of reinforced concrete shear walls
PublikacjaEfficient seismic risk assessment aids decision-makers in formulating citywide risk mitigation plans, providing insights into building performance and retrofitting costs. The complexity of modeling, analysis, and post-processing of the results makes it hard to fast-track the seismic probabilities, and there is a need to optimize the computational time. This research addresses seismic probability and risk assessment of reinforced...
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Simulations of spacing of localized zones in reinforced concrete beams using elasto-plasticity and damage mechanics with non-local softening
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Simulations of spacing of localized zones in reinforced concrete beams using elastic-plasticity and damage mechanics with non-local softening
PublikacjaArtykuł omawia obliczanie belek żelbetowych z uwzględnieniem lokalizacji odkształceń. Obliczenia wykonano przy zastosowaniu MES na bazie sprężysto-plastycznego prawa konstytutywnego i modelu zniszczeniowego uwzględniającego degradację sztywności rozszerzonego o długość charakterystyczną mikrostruktury za pomocą teorii nielokalnej.
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Mesoscopic simulations of a fracture process in reinforced concrete beam in bending using a 2D coupled DEM/micro-CT approach
PublikacjaW tej pracy zbadano numerycznie w warunkach 2D złożony proces pękania w krótkiej prostokątnej belce betonowej wzmocnionej jednym prętem podłużnym (bez zbrojenia pionowego) i poddanej quasi-statycznemu zginaniu w trzech punktach. Krytyczne pęknięcie poprzeczne w belce spowodowało jej uszkodzenie podczas doświadczenia. Symulacje numeryczne przeprowadzono klasyczną metodą elementów dyskretnych (DEM). Przyjęto trójfazowy opis betonu:...
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3-D finite-difference time-domain modelling of ground penetrating radar for identification of rebars in complex reinforced concrete structures
PublikacjaThis paper presents numerical and experimental investigations to identify reinforcing bars using the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method. A novel element of the paper is the inspection of different arrangements of reinforcement bars. Two particular problems, i.e. detection of few adjacent transverse bars and detection of a longitudinal bar located over or under transverse reinforcement, have been raised. An attention was also...
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Data-driven Models for Predicting Compressive Strength of 3D-printed Fiber-Reinforced Concrete using Interpretable Machine Learning Algorithms
Publikacja3D printing technology is growing swiftly in the construction sector due to its numerous benefits, such as intricate designs, quicker construction, waste reduction, environmental friendliness, cost savings, and enhanced safety. Nevertheless, optimizing the concrete mix for 3D printing is a challenging task due to the numerous factors involved, requiring extensive experimentation. Therefore, this study used three machine learning...
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FE-analysis of spacing of localized zones in reinforced concrete bars under tension using elasto-plasticity with non-local softening
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki numerycznej analizy lokalizacji odkształceń w pręcie żelbetowym poddanym rozciąganiu. Obliczenia wykonano przy zastosowaniu metody elementów skończonych i sprężysto-plastycznego modelu z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Pokazano wpływ różnych parametrów na nośność pręta i rozstaw lokalizacji.
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Comparative study on fracture evolution in steel fibre and bar reinforced concrete beams using acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques
PublikacjaIn recent decades, the demand for sustainable construction practices has increased, but raw materials such as reinforcing steel remain scarce. Therefore, steel fibres have emerged as a popular and sustainable choice in the construction industry, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional steel bar reinforcement for both flatwork and elevated structures. The purpose of this study is therefore to compare the performance...
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FE analysis of size effects in reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement based on stochastic elasto-plasticity with non-local softening.
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki analizy MES dotyczącej deterministycznego i statystycznego efektu skali w żelbetowych belkach bez zbrojenia na ścinanie. W analizie zastosowano prawo sprężysto-plastyczne z nielokalnym osłabieniem. Wyniki analizy porównano z doświadczeniami i modelem skali Bazanta.
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Shear fracture of longitudinally reinforced concrete beams under bending using Digital Image Correlation and FE simulations with concrete micro-structure based on X-ray micro-computed tomography images
PublikacjaThe paper presents experimental and numerical investigations of the shear fracture in rectangular concrete beams longitudinally reinforced with steel or basalt bar under quasi-static three point bending. Shear fracture process zone formation and development on the surface of beams was investigated by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) whereas thorough analyses of 3D material micro-structure, air voids, width and curvature of shear...
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Experimental investigations on concrete beams reinforced with CFRP lamellas
PublikacjaPaper presents experimental investigation made on two concrete beams reinforced with internal Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) lamellas (i.e. strips, bands). The reinforcement geometrical arrangement was similar as in normal concrete beams reinforced with steel bars and stirrups. The beams were destroyed by the shear forces, as intended. Obtained load-carrying capacities were lower as expected: below 40% of a calculated value....
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Machine-Learning Methods for Estimating Performance of Structural Concrete Members Reinforced with Fiber-Reinforced Polymers
PublikacjaIn recent years, fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) in reinforced concrete (RC) members have gained significant attention due to their exceptional properties, including lightweight construction, high specific strength, and stiffness. These attributes have found application in structures, infrastructures, wind power equipment, and various advanced civil products. However, the production process and the extensive testing required for...
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Verification of Selected Calculation Methods Regarding Shear Strength in Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Beams
PublikacjaThe purpose of this article was an attempt to compare selected calculation methods regarding shear strength in reinforced and prestressed concrete beams. Several calculation methods were tested. This included codes: PN-EN 1992-1-1:2008 [1], ACI 318- 14 [2] and fib Model Code for Concrete Structures 2010 [3]. The analysis also consists of methods published in technical literature. Calculations of shear strengths were made based...
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Fatigue Performance of Double-Layered Asphalt Concrete Beams Reinforced with New Type of Geocomposites
PublikacjaThe reinforcement of asphalt layers with geosynthetics has been used for several decades, but proper evaluation of the influence of these materials on pavement fatigue life is still a challenging task. The presented study investigates a novel approach to the reinforcement of asphalt layers using a new type of geogrid composite, in which square or hexagonal polypropylene stiff monolithic paving grid with integral junctions is bonded...
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Laboratory fatigue assessment of large geocomposite-reinforced double-layered asphalt concrete beams
PublikacjaGeosynthetic reinforcement of asphalt layers has been used for several decades. Evaluation of the influence of these materials on pavement fatigue life is still ongoing, especially for new types of geocomposites. This paper presents the evaluation of fatigue performance of large asphalt concrete beams reinforced with a new type of composite in which square or hexagonal polypropylene stiff monolithic paving grid with integral junctions...
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Laboratory fatigue assessment of large geocomposite-reinforced double-layered asphalt concrete beams
PublikacjaGeosynthetic reinforcement of asphalt layers has been used for several decades. Evaluation of the influence of these materials on pavement fatigue life is still ongoing, especially for new types of geocomposites. This paper presents the evaluation of fatigue performance of large asphalt concrete beams reinforced with a new type of composite in which square or hexagonal polypropylene stiff monolithic paving grid with integral junctions...
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Mechanical Performance and Environmental Assessment of Sustainable Concrete Reinforced with Recycled End-of-Life Tyre Fibres
PublikacjaThe presented research’s main objective was to develop the solution to the global problem of using steel waste obtained during rubber recovery during the tire recycling. A detailed comparative analysis of mechanical and physical features of the concrete composite with the addition of recycled steel fibres (RSF) in relation to the steel fibre concrete commonly used for industrial floors was conducted. A study was carried out using...
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Flexural behaviour of concrete slabs reinforced with FRP bars in experiments and according to aci ACI 440.1R guide
PublikacjaThe paper presents research conducted on two concrete slabs reinforced with the carbon composite bars and two other concrete slabs reinforced with basalt composite bars. The carbon bars were plain, while the basalt ones were ribbed. The slabs were experimentally investigated in the flexural state of effort with the concentrated forces applied. The results are compared with the analytical solution proposed in the guide ACI 440.1R-06...
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Composite Beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete - early stage of a theorethical and experimental analysis of a shear zone
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to present a forgoing preparation for a theoretical and experimental analysis of a shear zone of a composite beams with glass and reinforced or prestressed concrete. Authors present their current knowledge, achievements and predicted challenges in later stages of the research. Properties of component materials are presented in the context of compensating weaknesses of one material with strengths of the...
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Load-carrying capacity and state of effort of tubes made of glass and basalt fibre reinforced polymer filled with concrete
PublikacjaOpisano badania eksperymentalne słupów wykonanych z rur polimerowych zbrojonych włóknami szklanymi i bazaltowymi. Część rur wypełniano wewnątrz betonem. Słupy z wypełnieniem niszczyły się w sposób powolny, wykazując wysoką nośność pokrytyczną, podczas gdy słupy z rur pustych niszczyły się w sposób gwałtowny, niesygnalizowany. Nośności uzyskane eksperymentalnie porównano do nośności obliczonych teoretycznie na podstawie procedur...
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Mechanical and radiation shielding properties of concrete reinforced with boron--basalt fibers using Digital Image Correlation and X--ray micro--computed tomography
PublikacjaThe paper presents experimental investigations of the radiation shielding, mechanical and fracture properties of concrete reinforced with 5 kg/m3 of novel basalt fibers infused with boron oxide (BBF). However, further studies concerning other dosages i.e. 1 kg/m3, 10 kg/m3, 15 kg/m3 and 20 kg/m3 are currently carried out. Experiments with neutron source revealed that addition of BBF as a dispersed concrete reinforcement could improve...
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Mechanical and fracture properties of concrete reinforced with recycled and industrial steel fibers using Digital Image Correlation technique and X-ray micro computed tomography
PublikacjaPaper presents investigation of fracture phenomenon in plain concrete and in concrete reinforced with both recycled steel fibers (RSF) and industrial steel fibers (ISF). The wedge splitting test (WST), which enables stable crack propagation for quasi-brittle materials, was carried out on 75 75 75 mm cube samples. Initially, fracture process zone development was investigated only on the surface of samples using Digital Image Correlation...
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Guided Wave Propagation in Detection of Partial Circumferential Debonding in Concrete Structures
PublikacjaThe following article presents results of investigating the damage detection in reinforced concrete beams with artificially introduced debonding between the rod and cover, using a non-destructive method based on elastic waves propagation. The primary aim of the research was to analyze the possible use of guided waves in partial circumferential debonding detection. Guided waves were excited and registered in reinforced concrete...
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Remote sensing and photogrammetry techniques in diagnostics of concrete structures
PublikacjaRecently laser scanning technologies become widely used in many areas of the modern economy. In the following paper authors show a potential spectrum of use Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) in diagnostics of reinforced concrete elements. Based on modes of failure analysis of reinforcement concrete beam authors describe downsides and advantages of adaptation of terrestrial laser scanning to this purpose, moreover reveal under which...
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A concept of heterogeneous numerical model of concrete for GPR simulations
PublikacjaThe Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) method, which is increasingly being used in the non-destructive diagnostics of reinforced concrete structures, often needs more accurate interpretation tools for analysis of experimental data. Recently, there has been growing interest in developing of various numerical models for exhaustive understanding of GPR data. This paper presents the concept of a heterogeneous numerical model of concrete,...
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Shear resistance of low height precast concrete lintels
PublikacjaThe scope of the paper is to investigate analytically and determine experimentally the shear resistance of low height reinforced precast concrete lintels. The chosen procedures included in national and international standards applied for the design of structural concrete elements to an estimation of shear behaviour of reinforced concrete elements are described. The characteristic and designed shear strength of precast concrete...