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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: ROAD PAVEMENT
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Nondestructive methods complemented by FEM calculations in diagnostics of cracks in bridge approach pavement
PublikacjaNondestructive methods of road pavement diagnostics are an alternative to traditional approach to pavement failure investigation. The article presents a detailed multidisciplinary inspection carried out using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), laser scanning technology and finite element method (FEM) calculations. It was done in order to assess the factors that contributed to occurrence of premature cracks of a bridge approach pavement....
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The use of weight in motion data to heavy vehicles - pavement interaction analysis
PublikacjaWeight in motion (WIM) is the element of modern intelligent transport systems created to control commercial vehicles and to detect overloaded items. Because all of the vehicles crossing the WIM station are weighed and recognized, given data can be used to vehicle-pavement interaction analysis. The paper presents the results of analysis based on data from seven WIM stations localized in Motorway and National Roads in Poland. The...
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The Effect of Flexible Pavement Mechanics on the Accuracy of Axle Load Sensors in Vehicle Weigh-in-Motion Systems
PublikacjaWeigh-in-Motion systems are tools to prevent road pavements from the adverse phenomena of vehicle overloading. However, the effectiveness of these systems can be significantly increased by improving weighing accuracy, which is now insufficient for direct enforcement of overloaded vehicles. Field tests show that the accuracy of Weigh-in-Motion axle load sensors installed in the flexible (asphalt) pavements depends on pavement temperature...
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Evaluation and application of data from road weather stations for winter maintenance management
PublikacjaThe paper presents the analysis of road weather data from meteorological stations located at the Polish national roads of Pomerania District during the impact of winter conditions. Presented issue is particularly important from the point of view the problem of winter maintenance and especially for prediction and assurance of quality of asphalt pavement surface ie. resistance to low temperature cracking or risk of glazed frost....
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The innovative approach for using pavement as a fire prevention measure in tunnels
PublikacjaThe paper consists of two main parts: first presents study regarding the typically used pavement structures in tunnels and the second part: the first fire trials of the poroelastic SEPOR (Safe, Eco-friendly POroelastic Road Surface) mixture which was designed to be used among other uses in tunnels. In the first part of the paper different pavement materials, such as cement concrete, asphalt concrete, stone mastic asphalt and porous...
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INFLUENCE OF TEST CONDITIONS ON TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASURED BY THE DRUM METHOD
PublikacjaTyre/road noise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. Nowadays a few standard procedures of tyre/road noise measurements are in use. Unfortunately, measurement conditions specified within relevant standards are very different. For example, procedure described in ISO 11819-2 used for pavement investigations requires tyre load of 3200 N and capped inflation pressure of 200 kPa. At the same time...
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Analysis of pavement structure sensitivity to passage of oversized heavy duty vehicle in terms of bearing capacity
PublikacjaOversized heavy duty vehicles occur in traffic very rarely but they reach extremely high weights, even up to 800 tonne. The detrimental impact of these vehicles on pavement structure is much higher than in case of commercial vehicles that comprise typical traffic, thus it is necessary to assess the sensitivity of pavement structure to passage of oversized vehicles. The paper presents results of sample calculations of load equivalency factor...
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Wpływ równości nawierzchni i dynamicznego oddziaływania pojazdów ciężkich na trwałość zmęczeniową nawierzchni podatnych
PublikacjaPodczas ruchu pojazdu obserwuje się odchylenia nacisków osi pojazdów od nacisku statycznego, co jest spowodowane nierównościami nawierzchni. Dynamiczne obciążenia pojazdów w większym stopniu wytężają konstrukcję nawierzchni drogowej. Rozkład obciążeń dynamicznych ma kształt rozkładu normalnego i jest opisywany poprzez obciążenie statyczne oraz wskaźniki dynamiczne DI lub DLC. Wraz z pogorszeniem równości i zwiększeniem prędkości...
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Determination of Vehicles Load Equivalency Factors for Polish Catalogue of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures
PublikacjaThe new Polish Catalog of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures was introduced to use in practice in 2014. Much of works were focused on actualization of vehicles load equivalency factors. For this purpose data delivered from weigh-inmotion were analyzed. Four methods of determination of load equivalency factors for pavement structure design were compared. The analysis showed that fourth power equation, AASHTO 1993...
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Factors affecting low-temperature cracking of asphalt pavements: analysis of field observations using the ordered logistic model
PublikacjaAccurate identification of factors that primarily affect the number of low-temperature cracks is crucial for selection of road materials and planning of pavement maintenance. Field investigations of lowtemperature cracks were performed in the years 2014 and 2020 on the same 68 road sections being in service in typical traffic conditions. The collected data were statistically analysed using the ordered logistic regression model....
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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TYRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
PublikacjaTemperature is a very important factor controlling rolling resistance of road vehicle tyres. There are at least three different temperatures that may be considered as important factors controlling thermal conditions of the rolling tyre. The most common measure of the thermal conditions during tyre rolling is ambient air temperature. The other two are: pavement temperature and “tyre” temperature. Tyre temperature is the most difficult...
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The Application of Granulated Expanded Glass Aggregate with Cement Grout as an Alternative Solution for Sub-Grade and Frost-Protection Sub-Base Layer in Road Construction
PublikacjaThe purpose of the research was to assess the possibility of using granulated expanded glass aggregate (GEGA) with cement grout as a replacement of a sub-grade and frost-protection layer, made of natural fine aggregates (NATU), stabilized with a hydraulic binder. Instead of traditional parts of the road construction, such as the sub-grade and frost-protection layer with the application of fine aggregate, stabilized with cement,...
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Engineering method of tire rolling resistance evaluation
PublikacjaTire rolling resistance is one of the most difficult tire parameters to measure. The reason is that for modern tires the force of rolling resistance corresponds to 0.5–1% of tire load, thus measurements of very small forces must be performed in a heavily loaded system. This constitutes great problems, especially in road conditions. Laboratory measurements are easier to perform, as the environment may be better controlled, but roadwheel...
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Badanie stanu nawierzchni drogowej z wykorzystaniem uczenia maszynowego
PublikacjaW artykule opisano budowę systemu informowania o stanie nawierzchni drogowej z wykorzystaniem metod cyfrowego przetwarzania obrazów oraz uczenia maszynowego. Efektem wykonanych prac badawczych jest eksperymentalna platforma, pozwalająca na rejestrację uszkodzeń na drogach, system do analizy, przetwarzania i klasyfikacji danych oraz webowa aplikacja użytkownika do przeglądu stanu nawierzchni w wybranej lokalizacji.
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ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC ZONES IN POLAND WITH REGARD TO ASPHALT PERFORMANCE GRADING
PublikacjaTowards the end of the last century a new system of bitumen grading was developed and implemented as part of the American Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). Its aim was to better adjust the testing methods and requirements for road bitumens to the actual conditions in which those bitumens serve in road pavements. Currently in Poland, similarly as in the other EU countries, road bitumens are tested and classified with regard...
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Comparison of low-temperature cracks intensity on pavements with high modulus asphalt concrete and conventional asphalt concrete bases
PublikacjaHigh modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) base courses provide very good resistance to rutting and fatigue but they can increase the risk of low-temperature cracking as compared with conventional asphalt concrete (AC). The article presents the comparison of these two road materials in terms of low-temperature cracking. The statistical method based on the ordered logistic regression model was used. The analysis was based on results of...
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Decreasing CO2 Emissions By Reducing Tire Rolling Resistance
PublikacjaThe first motor vehicle was built by Nicolas Cugnot almost 250 years ago and since then there has been a continuous process of motor vehicles’ improvements, as well as development of new road pavements. The fuel crisis of the 70s of the 20th century made it clear to vehicle builders that measures should be taken to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and it contributed to an increased interest in electric vehicles. Although significant...
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An in-depth look at the tire rubber hardness influence on tire/road noise measurements
PublikacjaWhen assessing the acoustic quality of a road pavement with the close-proximity (CPX) or the on-board sound intensity (OBSI) method, the rubber hardness of the reference tire substantially affects the measurement. Practical experience shows that measurement tires can get significantly harder within a single measurement season. This is why one would like to normalize measurements to a reference rubber hardness. The recently published...
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High frequency impulse ground penetrating radar application in assessment of interlayer connections
PublikacjaGround Penetrating Radar (GPR) technique is commonly used in the nondestructive evaluation of pavement structures. In particular, this method is used to estimate thicknesses of pavement layers as well as it can be utilized in advanced studies of pavement structures. The device presented in this paper comprise the high frequency impulse antennas that allow for investigating the interlayer zones in terms of their electromagnetic...
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Thermal stabilization and permanent deformation resistance of LWA/PCM-modified asphalt road surfaces
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of attempts at reducing the problem of solar overheating of asphalt road pavement surfaces, resulting in weakening and accelerated destruction of the aforementioned structures. To protect pavement surfaces against periodic overheating, standard asphalt mixture AC 16 W 35/50, used for binder course, has been modified by replacing one of the aggregate fractions from the mineral mixture with lightweight...
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Acoustic lifecycle study of the double-layer porous asphalt on E4 in Huskvarna, Sweden
PublikacjaIn 2010 a double-layer porous asphalt concrete (DPAC) pavement was constructed on the E4 motorway through the Swedish city Huskvarna. Earlier experience in Sweden indicated that it was feasible to obtain a high initial noise reduction but due to the widespread use of studded tires in winter, clogging and ravelling created losses of around 2 dB per year, with an expected acoustical lifetime of only 3 years. However, the improved...
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Tyre rolling resistance and its influence on fuel consumption
PublikacjaRolling resistance of tyres is one of the major resistive forces acting on any wheeled vehicle. Unfortunately, it is also one of the forces very difficult to measure. It is estimated that in certain traffic conditions (like for example constant speed driving with slow or moderate speed) so called Rolling Resistance Impact Factor may be as high as 0.3. This means that reduction of rolling resistance by 50% would lead to 15% of energy...
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The application of the Superpave method of climatic zones analysis in Poland with regard to bitumen performance grading
PublikacjaCurrently in Poland, similarly as in the other EU countries, road bitumens are tested and classified with regard to mainly the penetration value determined at the tempera-ture of 25C. It should be noted that this classification is not correlated with the cli-matic conditions in which the bitumens are to serve in the road pavement. Towards the end of the last century a new system of bitumen grading was developed and im-plemented...
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Accurate rolling resistance Rolling resistance measurements can be influenced by a number of factors
PublikacjaTire rolling resistance is one of the most difficult-to-measure parameters of the tire/ pavement interface, especially if road measurements are required. First of all, it is necessary to measure a fairly small force in the system that is heavily loaded by other forces and subjected to many adverse effects causing measurement errors. The second problem is related to the fact that tire rolling resistance depends on many factors,...
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Field Evaluation of High Modulus Asphalt Concrete Resistance to Low-Temperature Cracking
PublikacjaHigh-modulus asphalt concrete has numerous advantages in comparison to conventional asphalt concrete, including increased resistance to permanent deformations and increased pavement fatigue life. However, previous studies have shown that the construction of road pavements with High Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) may significantly increase the risk of low-temperature cracking. Those observations were the motivation for the research...
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Effect of Overloaded Vehicles on Whole Life Cycle Cost of Flexible Pavements
PublikacjaThe phenomenon of vehicle overloading—illegal exceeding of maximum legal weight of vehicles, is a serious problem both in developing and developed countries around the world. Overloaded vehicles occur less frequently in comparison to properly loaded vehicles but due to their greater potential to cause damage they significantly contribute to distress of pavement structure. As studies show, the number of overloaded vehicles increases...
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Investigation of Acoustic Properties of Poroelastic Asphalt Mixtures in Laboratory and Field Conditions
PublikacjaMeasures for the improvement of acoustic conditions in the vicinity of roads include the construction of pavement structures with low-noise surfaces with optimal macrotexture and the highest possible sound absorption coefficient. Laboratory evaluation of acoustic properties of a designed asphalt mixture before its placement in the pavement is a good solution. Currently, the most popular method for the determination of the sound...
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Stiffness of cold-recycled mixtures under variable deformation conditions in the IT-CY test
PublikacjaStiffness modulus belongs to the most important properties describing the cold-recycled mixtures (CRM) in terms of their usability in road pavement structures. Previous research proved that this property is strongly dependent on the scheme and conditions of the test (temperature and time of loading) and the time that has passed since the compaction of the specimen or pavement layer. It is a result of the influence of two different...
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Application of BN in Risk Diagnostics Arising from the Degree of Urban Regeneration Area Degradation
PublikacjaUrban regeneration as a complex project, generates many extremely specific threats affecting the increase of investment risk. Its unique nature causes that probability parameter, normally applied in the process of risk quantification, is extremely difficult to estimate. Due to lack of historical data urban regeneration related activities are therefore associated with uncertainty. According to the authors, a useful tool for resolving...
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Application of Bayesian Networks in risk diagnostics arising from the degree of urban regeneration area degradation
PublikacjaUrban regeneration as a complex project, generates many extremely specific threats affecting the increase of investment risk. Its unique nature causes that probability parameter, normally applied in the process of risk quantification, is extremely difficult to estimate. Due to lack of historical data urban regeneration related activities are therefore associated with uncertainty. According to the authors, a useful tool for resolving...
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Bitumen Aging—Laboratory Simulation Methods Used in Practice and Selected Directions of Research on New Methods
PublikacjaChanges in the properties of bitumen binders that occur as a result of aging have a huge impact on the durability of products produced from them. In particular, asphalt pavements, which constitute the most common use of petroleum bitumen, are susceptible to damage resulting from the increasing stiffness of the bitumen during its life cycle. Increased stiffness of asphalt pavements reduces the pavement resistance to low-temperature...
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Review and evaluation of cold recycling with bitumen emulsion and cement for rehabilitation of old pavements
PublikacjaThe article presents Polish experience with cold recycling of asphalt pavements with theusage of bituminous emulsion and cement. In the 1990s numerous roads in Polandrequired immediate reinforcement due to their significant degradation. Implementation ofthe cold recycling technology was one of the solutions to this problem. Cold recycledmixtures containebeside the recycled asphalt pavement and aggregateetwo differenttypes of binding...
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Ocena odporności na pękanie podbudów drogowych z mieszanek mineralno-cementowo-emulsyjnych (MCE)
PublikacjaPodbudowy z mieszanek mineralno-cementowo-emulsyjnych (MCE) są jednym z wielu materiałów stosowanych do wykonywania warstw nawierzchni w ramach przebudów dróg w Polsce. Mieszanki MCE pozwalają na maksymalne powtórne wykorzystanie istniejących warstw konstrukcyjnych do budowy lub przebudowy nawierzchni. Do wykonania podbudów z MCE stosuje się materiał pochodzący z rozbiórki istniejących warstw (destrukt) bitumicznych, warstw związanych...
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Recycled Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) as Construction Material in Civil Engineering: A Review
PublikacjaIn general, the quantity of plastics of all types consumed annually all over the world has been growing in a phenomenal way. The manufacturing processes, service industries and municipal solid wastes (MSW) generate numerous waste plastic materials. The increasing awareness about the environment has tremendously contributed to the concerns related with disposal of the generated wastes. It is believed that the management of solid...
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The use of a two-phase Monte Carlo material model to reflect the dispersion of asphalt concrete fracture parameters
PublikacjaThe work covers comprehensive laboratory tests of semi-circular bending (SCB) of asphalt concrete samples. The results of two test series, including four and 32 SCB specimens, indicate a substantial scatter of force–deflection (F-d) histories. The numerical analysis is aimed to reflect the maximum breaking load and fracture energy of the samples, pointing out their random character. The original simulation-based fictitious Monte...
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Consideration of Pseudo Strain Energy in Determination of Fatigue Life and Microdamage Healing of Asphalt Mastics
PublikacjaRest periods between cyclic loads can lead to recovery of damage and extension of fatigue life. This phenomenon is referred to as healing. Healing is clearly observed in bituminous materials, such as asphalt mastics, which belong to the components of asphalt mixtures. Due to the nature of road pavement traffic loading, which is characterized by series of intermittent pulses with rest periods, consideration of healing is necessary...
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ANALYSIS OF ROLLING RESISTANCE OF TIRES WITH RUN FLAT INSERT APPLYING DRUM METHOD AND RADIAL CHARACTERISTIC
PublikacjaThis paper presents analysis of rolling resistance of tires with RUN FLAT insert applying drum method and radial characteristic. The conducted studies indicated changes in operational properties of wheel, occurring as a result of inflation pressure drop in the wheel. As regards radial elasticity, such changes result in significant drop of radial rigidity and increase of static deflection and increase of tire rolling resistance....
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Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture Low-Temperature Performance in Bending Beam Creep Test
PublikacjaLow-temperature cracking is one of the most common road pavement distress types in Poland. While bitumen performance can be evaluated in detail using bending beam rheometer (BBR) or dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) tests, none of the normalized test methods gives a comprehensive representation of low-temperature performance of the asphalt mixtures. This article presents the Bending Beam Creep test performed at temperatures from −20...
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The Use of Direct Shear Test for Optimization of Interlayer Bonding Under a Poroelastic Layer
PublikacjaPoroelastic Road Surfaces (PERS) are characterised by porous structure with air void content of 20% or higher and stiffness almost 10 times lower than that of a standard asphalt course. Such properties enable noise reduction by up to 12 dB in comparison to SMA 11 mixture. However, the disadvantage of a poroelastic pavement is its low durability, which partially results from delamination from the lower layer. The paper aims to investigate...
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Noise and Rolling Resistance Properties of Various Types of Winter Tyres Compared to Normal Car Tyres
PublikacjaTo cope with winter weather conditions, potentially including snow and ice, it is common to use winter tyres, or ”all-seasons” tyres assumed to be safe both in summer and winter. In some northern countries, winter tyres are mandatory. Traditionally, it has been assumed that winter tyres are noisier than normal tyres (here called summer tyres) and winter tyres equipped with studs are assumed to be very noisy.This paper presents...
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Determination of binder-aggregate adhesion by contact angle measurement
PublikacjaThe key factor in asphalt pavement durability, especially in the presence of water, is adhesion of the bituminous binder to mineral aggregates. There are currently no standard laboratory test procedures that can quickly and accurately measure the strength of the interaction (bond) between the binder and aggregate. In this regard, to evaluate the adhesion force measurements based on the contact angle between the binder and the aggregate...
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Analysis of soundscape recordings in close proximity to the road in changeable wather conditions
PublikacjaThe acoustic vehicle sensing is the least invasive type of traffic detection. Also, acoustic-based vehicle detection technology is insensitive to precipitation and can operate in low light level. Therefore, this kind of method may be used for automatic detection of the vehicle passage events. It can also be employed for measurements of a vehicle speed and the vehicle assignment to the particular category. In this paper the results...
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Sczepność międzywarstwowa w nowobudowanych nawierzchniach w Polsce
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono analizę wyników badań sczepności międzywarstwowej warstw asfaltowych przeprowadzonych na podstawie danych z monitoringu właściwości fizyko-mechanicznych warstw asfaltowych z lat 2012-2013. Monitoring prowadziły Laboratoria Drogowe oddziałów GDDKiA w ramach własnych badań kontrolnych podczas realizowanych inwestycji. Analizie poddano 7043 wyników badań sczepności międzywarstwowej badanych próbek, odwierconych...
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Poroelastic Low Noise Road Surfaces
PublikacjaNoise is one of the most important problems related to road traffic. During the last decades, noise emitted by engine and powertrain of vehicles was greatly reduced and tyres became a clearly dominant noise source. The paper describes the concept of low noise poroelastic road surfaces that are composed with mineral and rubber aggregate bound by polyurethane resin. Those surfaces have a porous structure and are much more flexible...
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New polish catalogue of typical flexible and semi-rigid pavements
PublikacjaThe paper covers the following topics important for the development of the new Polish Catalogue of typical flexible and semi-rigid pavements: reasons for preparing the new issue of the Catalogue of typical flexible and semi-rigid pavements, items introduced in the new issue, organise the terminology related to pavements, design traffic calculations and new equivalent axle load factors,...
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Ultra Low Noise Poroelastic Road Surfaces
PublikacjaNoise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. During the last decades, the noise emitted by the engines and powertrains of vehicles was greatly reduced and tires became a clearly dominant noise source. The article describes the concept of low noise poroelastic road surfaces that are composed of mineral and rubber aggregate bound by polyurethane resin. Those surfaces have a porous structure and...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublikacjaConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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Selected Aspects of Pavement Texture Influence on Tire Rolling Resistance
PublikacjaTire rolling resistance has a significant influence on fuel consumption in cars and trucks and on CO2 emissions. Rolling resistance depends on the tire construction, pavement texture and stiffness, as well as environmental and traffic conditions. This article presents a pilot study on the impact of pavement texture on the rolling resistance of passenger car tires. Reasons why Mean Profile Depth is not a good descriptor of pavement...
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TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS QUALITY
PublikacjaGlobal warming makes it necessary to reduce energy consumption, which in the case of motor vehicles, is connected, among other things, with reduction of resistive forces acting on a vehicle during its motion. One of the most important components of those forces is rolling resistance, which is very difficult to measure, especially in road conditions. The article deals with issues related to the influence of the thermal state of...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublikacjaConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...