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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: buildings
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Relevance of the EU Structural Funds’ Allocation to the Needs of Combating Air Pollution in Poland. Analysis of the Operational Programmes of Regions Threatened With Critical Air Pollution from Distributed Energy Sources
PublikacjaRecent years, the European Environmental Agency, has been reporting air quality parameters in Poland, as the poorest among all the EU countries. Despite of adoption of the EU legislation on energy efficiency and energy performance of buildings, existing legal solutions occur insufficient in reducing air pollution in Polish regions. Lack of an effective schemes supporting complex thermal renovation of buildings, exchange of inefficient...
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The Use of Sensory Analysis Techniques to Assess the Quality of Indoor Air
PublikacjaThe quality of indoor air is one of the significant elements that influences people's well-being and health inside buildings. Emissions of pollutants, which may cause odor nuisance, are the main reason for people's complaints regarding the quality of indoor air. As a result, it is necessary to perform tests aimed at identifying the sources of odors inside buildings. The article contains basic information on the characteristics...
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Daylight design for urban residential planning in Poland: in regulations and practice. A comparison study of daylight conditions observed in the four neighbouring residential areas
PublikacjaThis paper reports on the partial results of the research aiming to illustrate how an integration of daylight design into an architectural planning process can help designers to create the residential buildings in respect to the environmental issues, solar and illuminance gains, as well as, the residents’ needs and comfort. It describes how changing daylight recommendations affected the design of the block of flats regarding their...
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Analiza nośności zabytkowych fundamentów w kontekście jakości użytych zapraw Analysis of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Historical Foundations in the Context of the Quality of Mortar Used
PublikacjaStructures of historical buildings usually have the form of masonry elements. The weakest component of such elements is mortar, especially in stone foundations, which were often used in the with a focus on the modeling of mortar as a joint connecting stones in a characteristic medieval foundation. Different types of mortar: cement, cement-lime, lime and gypsum mortars, were examined. A numerical analysis was carried out on the...
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE URBAN DESIGN ON THE AIR EXCHANGE IN CITIES. SELECTED PROBLEMS IN POLISH REALITY
PublikacjaThe progress of the architecture and urbanism raises problems requiring interdisciplinary research conducted with the use of advanced experimental techniques and computer simulation. The fields of this research include aerodynamics, especially in intensively developed area of Environmental Wind Engineering (EWE). Aerodynamic phenomena occurring around buildings have a significant impact on the quality of the climate in the cities....
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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY ON COLLISIONS BETWEEN STEEL STRUCTURES UNDER EARTHQUAKE EXCITATION
PublikacjaIn the time of high urbanization, the need to build closely-spaced structures forces the designers to take into account earthquake-induced collisions between adjacent buildings and their effects on the response of structures. Past and recent investigations confirmed that interactions between adjacent buildings during earthquakes may cause serious damages to the structural elements and may even lead to total collapse of the structure....
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Assessment of Alterations in Settlement Patterns of Agricultural Landscape in the Example of Kashubia in Poland
PublikacjaTraditional agricultural landscapes are heavily exposed to change due to their relatively low agricultural productivity. However, they represent cultural values of great importance in maintaining the resilience of the environment and society. Although their cultural potential is important for sustainable development, it is still insufficiently recognized. The article fills this gap by examining old farmstead buildings as a distinguishing...
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Superstitions and customs in construction - a contribution to the discussion on the disappearance of this tradition
PublikacjaConstruction is one of the most important, but also the most extensive areas of the economy. That is why we encounter superstitions and customs related to this discipline of the economy quite often:we blew and repeat them, not even knowing what their origin is and what according to old beliefs resulted in their lack of application. This situation applies in practice to all buildings, including residential buildings implemented...
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Earthquake-Induced Structural Pounding
PublikacjaEarthquake-induced structural pounding between insufficiently separated build-ings, or bridge segments, has been repeatedly observed during ground motions. The reports after earthquakes indicate that it may lead to some local damage in the case of moderate seismic events or may result in considerable destruction or even collapse of colliding structures during severe ground motions. Pounding in build-ings is usually caused by the...
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Integrating Digital Twin Technology Into Large Panel System Estates Retrofit Projects
PublikacjaAs sustainability is now a standard for the proposed developments, the focus ought to be shifted towards the existing buildings and, among them, the worldwide stock of large panel system (LPS) buildings. Major upgrades and retrofits were done to some of the LPS estates in Germany and France, but a leading sustainable way must still be developed for LPS buildings in Eastern European countries, where apartments in those half‐a‐century‐old...
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A Cost-Effective Method for Reconstructing City-Building 3D Models from Sparse Lidar Point Clouds
PublikacjaThe recent popularization of airborne lidar scanners has provided a steady source of point cloud datasets containing the altitudes of bare earth surface and vegetation features as well as man-made structures. In contrast to terrestrial lidar, which produces dense point clouds of small areas, airborne laser sensors usually deliver sparse datasets that cover large municipalities. The latter are very useful in constructing digital...
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Disappearing Bridge
PublikacjaThe main parts of the Hafen City’s residential development are still under construction. Close by, uninviting offi ce buildings defi ne Hammerbrook. Neighboring Rothenburgsort is inhabited by many citizens but lacks cultural attractions. Street traffic and water barriers distinctly separate the districts.
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Implementation of spatial information for monitoring and analysis of the area around the port using laser scanning techniques
PublikacjaNowadays, maritime infrastructure is heavily exploited, which requires monitoring. The article presents the implementation of spatial information which are point clouds for monitoring and analysis of the area around the port (buildings and wharves). For this study, point clouds coming from terrestrial (TLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS), each of them having different accuracy, were used. An important part of the analysis was...
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SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS IN THE REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC TIMBER STRUCTURES ON THE EXAMPLES OF GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCHES IN POLISH SUBCARPATHIA
PublikacjaThis work concerns structural and sensitivity analysis of carpentry joints used in historic wooden buildings in south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine. These are primarily sacred buildings and the types of joints characteristic for this region are saddle notch and dovetail joints. Thus, in the study the authors focus on these types of corner log joints. Numerical models of the joints are defined and finite element simulations...
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Comparing the Effectiveness of ANNs and SVMs in Forecasting the Impact of Traffic-Induced Vibrations on Building
PublikacjaTraffic - induced vibrations may cause damage to structural elements and may even lead to structural collapse. The aim of the article is to compare the effectiveness of algorithms in forecasting the impact of vibrations on buildings using the Machine Learning (ML) methods. The paper presents two alternative approaches by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines (SVMs). Factors that may affect traffic-induced...
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Timber frame houses resistant to dynamic loads - seismic analysis
PublikacjaThe aim of the article is to present results of seismic analysis results of two real-sized timber frame buildings subjected to seismic excitations. The first model was insulated with mineral wool, the second one with polyurethane foam. Technology and specifications involved in both models construction is based on the previously conducted experimental research on timber frame houses, including wall panels tests, wall numerical models...
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Współczesny obraz żuławskiego podcienia
PublikacjaThe Contemporary Image of Żuławy Arcades. The cultural landscape of the Vistula River Delta is created by man in large part. Almost all of its components- buildings, roads, embankments and as natural as trees, water and earth are anthropogenic origin. Arcaded houses are part of this multi-dimensional mosaic for more than four centuries.
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Sopot - is it possible to retain the unique image of the city?
PublikacjaSopot is the best-known seaside resort in Poland. The city is unique with regard not only to its location and natural values, but also its interesting architecture, which dates back to the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century. The relic of that era is the largest in the country number of buildings characteristic for the Northern European seaside resorts. The architecture of historic Sopot is dominated by eclectic...
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Changes in Functional and Spatial Layouts of Polish Single-Family Houses
PublikacjaArticle presents the evolution of functional and spatial layouts of single-family houses in Poland, with particular emphasis on the functions of a contemporary house. Singlefamily housing constitutes a significant part of the construction market in Poland. The way of forming functions in single-family buildings in the historical cycle has characteristic features resulting from the culture of the society in a given period. The functional...
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Multi-Criteria Approach in Multifunctional Building Design Process
PublikacjaThe paper presents new approach in multifunctional building design process. Publication defines problems related to the design of complex multifunctional buildings. Currently, contemporary urban areas are characterized by very intensive use of space. Today, buildings are being built bigger and contain more diverse functions to meet the needs of a large number of users in one capacity. The trends show the need for recognition of...
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Museums of Gdansk - Tourism Products or Signs of Remembrance?
PublikacjaMuseum buildings constitute a significant element in the composition and functionality of contemporary cities. They are both their attractions and landmarks. The article presents a case study illustrating the relation between museum buildings and their location, as well as the showcased exhibition. The article aims at demonstrating the way in which those elements form a harmonious whole - a cultural tourism product affecting the...
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Museum Institutions in Monuments - Positive and Negative Aspects of Adaptation: The New Amber Museum and Museum of Science in Gdansk, Poland
PublikacjaThe issue of the creation and location of new museums is a current topic. The decision of where and how to create new museum facilities will impact successful function in the future. Museums are either located in newly designed buildings or in existing buildings. In general, existing buildings adapted for museum use are either formally under conservational protection or not. With regard to museum location in preserved monuments,...
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Architectural Heritage Virtual Models in Conservation Practice
PublikacjaThe article presents the issues concerning architectural heritage digital models’ applications in conservation practice. These considerations are discussed in the context of the commencement of creating virtual models regarding no-longer existing historical buildings in the first half of the 1980s. Such models’ applications and possible uses are analyzed within the adopted criteria that distinguish the following model types....
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Non-linear behaviour of base-isolated building supported on flexible soil under damaging earthquakes
PublikacjaSeismic isolation is a strategy to reduce damage of structures exposed to devastating earthquake excitations. Isolation systems, applied at the base of buildings, lower the fundamental frequency of the structure below the range of dominant frequencies of the ground motion as well as allow to dissipate more energy during structural vibrations. The effectiveness of the base-isolated buildings in damage reduction has been confirmed...
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MULTI-CRITERIA MODEL IN MULTIFUNCTIONAL BUILDING SYSTEM DESIGN PROCESS
PublikacjaThe paper presents a multi-criteria approach in multifunctional building system design process. The aim is to develop a theory relative to the engineering system of multifunctional with a mathematical representation defined by a holistic network for the lifecycle of the designed object. The idea of work was to define the structure of a complex system. Background for the presented field is to develop a design strategy for multifunctional...
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Recent steel structures in Poland - the selected projects
PublikacjaThe paper presents selected examples of recently completed steel structures in Poland. These are roofs over sport stadiums, construction of public buildings and bridges. Described examples do not exhaust the acquis in the field of steel constructions in Poland. The authors, however, may hope that the presented con-structions represents current achievements in Poland in the field of steel structures.
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Wind Conditions at Pedestrian Level in Different Types of Residential Urban Development for a High Degree of Land Use Efficiency
PublikacjaThe paper concerns wind conditions around urban building development at the pedestrian level. The article aims to identify aerodynamic phenomena around three types of multi-family housing developmentswith different forms and the same urban parameters of building development intensity (high intensity was taken into account). The aim of the research was mainly to achieve qualitative results that would lead to understanding fundamental...
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The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia
PublikacjaModern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected by radical transformations of layout and form. The railway stations being one of the most important public buildings in the city are a special group of them. Due to long-term and intensive use they may bear the signs of exploitation of parts of its substance and have secondary transformations disharmony with the building. The subject...
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DUAL CONSTELLATION GPS/GALILEO MOBILE SYSTEM FOR IMPROVING NAVIGATION OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN AN URBAN AREA
PublikacjaIt is well known by users of Portable Navigation Device (PND) and other GPS-based devices that positioning suffers from (local) significant decreases of accuracy in partially obscured environments like urbanized areas, where buildings (especially high buildings), trees or terrain block large portions of the sky. In such areas, GPS receiver performance is usually deteriorated by the reduced number of currently available satellite...
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DESIGN OF THE DUAL CONSTELLATION GPS/GALILEO MOBILE DEVICE FOR IMPROVING NAVIGATION OF THE VISUALLY IMPAIRED IN AN URBAN AREA
PublikacjaIt is well known by users of Personal Navigation Device (PND) and other GPS-based devices that positioning suffers from (local) significant decreases of accuracy in partially obscured environments like urbanized areas, where buildings (especially high buildings), trees or terrain block large portions of the sky. In such areas, GPS receiver performance is usually deteriorated by the reduced number of currently available satellite...
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Optimal retrofit strategy using viscous dampers between adjacent RC and SMRFs prone to earthquake‑induced pounding
PublikacjaNowadays, retrofitting-damaged buildings is an important challenge for engineers. Finding the optimal placement of Viscous Dampers (VDs) between adjacent structures prone to earthquake-induced pounding can help designers to implement VDs with optimizing the cost of construction and achieving higher performance levels for both structures. In this research, the optimal placement of linear and nonlinear VDs between the 3-story, 5-story,...
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A STUDY OF THE ORIGINAL AND CONTEMPORARY LAYOUT OF NAZAR GARDEN WITHIN THE CITY OF SHIRAZ, IRAN
PublikacjaShiraz city was famous for its beautiful gardens that shaped its landscape. Nazar Garden,with its buildings was designed by Karim Khan in the 18th c. The aim of the research wasto compare the size and layout of the Garden during the Zand Period with its contemporary shape. The research was based on literature sources, available plans and an on-sitesurvey.
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A NEW TAKE ON PENITENTIARY ARCHITECTURE ARCHITEKTURA WIĘZIENNA – NOWE OBLICZE
PublikacjaThis article raises the issue of designing and adapting correctional facilities to the new perception of prisoners as well as comprehension of punishment. For research purposes, several European prisons which came into service over recent years were selected. A study of such facilities revealed design solutions that may significantly affect the process of rehabilitation for inmates and make such buildings an accepted part of society.
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Idea zastosowania sztucznej inteligencji w prognozowaniu wpływu drgań komunikacyjnych na odpowiedź dynamiczną budynków mieszkalnych
PublikacjaW poniższym artykule autorzy analizują wpływ drgań komunikacyjnych na budynki mieszkalne oraz metodykę pomiarową według PN-85 B-02170 [1]. Problemem badawczym jest opracowanie prostej metody prognozowania wpływu drgań na budynki mieszkalne w taki sposób, aby nie było konieczne przeprowadzanie pracochłonnych i kosztownych pomiarów polowych. W tym celu wykonano analizę przy użyciu algorytmów opartych na sztucznej inteligencji oraz...
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Revalorisation of Modernist and Social Modernist Interiors in Gdynia
PublikacjaIn the 1920s and 1930s, elaborate designing of prestigious interiors of public buildings, shops or tenement houses was important challenge for every architect who respected theri work. Apart from creating, at the design decor, the designers usually made sure that their concept was executed in every single detail. Only an overall aestetic solution could form a complete picture of a unique pieceod architecture.
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Influence of separation gap on the structural response of colliding structures under earthquake excitation
PublikacjaThe high level of urbanization in the XXIst century forces the designers to design closely-separated structures and to take into account many factors influencing their response during seismic excitation, which are the most unpredictable loads which can affect civil engineering structures. Interactions between insufficiently adjacent buildings, known as the earthquake-induced structural pounding, may cause serious damage to the structures,...
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Tubular House - Form Follows Technology, Concrete Shell Structure with Inner Thermal Insulation
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is the theoretical analysis of the possibilities and limitations of using an unconventional technology and the original architectural form stemming from it – the building with external construction and internal insulation. In Central European climatic conditions, the traditional solution for the walls of heated buildings relies on using external thermal insulation. This stems from building physics: it prevents...
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Synagogi dawnej Polski - ich teraźniejszość i przyszłość
PublikacjaTekst stanowi próbę ujęcia w szerszej perspektywie złożonego zjawiska zmiany formy użytkowania ocalałych obiektów kultu religijnego. Postępująca sekularyzacja współczesnych społeczeństw stanowi wyzwanie dla religijnych społeczności różnych wyznań, przynosząc również pytania dotyczące zmiany przeznaczenia pustoszejących świątyń. Biorąc pod uwagę społeczny kontekst zarysowany powyżej, ocalałe budynki synagog można uznać za odrębny,...
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Wisłoujście Fortress. Architectural investigation and analysis (2013)
PublikacjaIn 2013, as part of archaeological and architectural reserch conducted in the Area of Wisłoujście Fortress, an inventory and architectural studies of the rooms of tenement houses in the Ring, serving as kitchen, were performed. Work consisting in preparing measurement documentation, drawings and descriptive documentation was the first such study conducted inside buildings at Fort Carre. The article presents preliminary results...
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Voltage Conditions in Low Voltage Grid with Connected Mictogeneration
PublikacjaThe introduction of distributed generation into a low voltage grid may cause voltage problems in it. The paper discusses the effect of microgeneration on voltage levels in a low voltage grid. A real low voltage grid of considerable length was selected for the analysis. The grid primarily supplies residential buildings in a rural area. Results of tests that consider potential measures which could be applied in this grid to improve...
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Ocena wpływu drgań przekazywanych na budynek przez agregat prądotwórczy
PublikacjaW artykule opisano zakres badań polowych niezbędnych do określenia poziomu drgań w budynku biurowo-usługowym podczas pracy agregatu prądotwórczego zlokalizowanego na dachu tego budynku. Dokonano oceny szkodliwości pomierzonych drgań na budynek i ludzi, którzy się w nim znajdują. Przedstawiono także krótki przegląd literatury dotyczącej oceny szkodliwości oddziaływań dynamicznych na budynki lub ludzi.
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The Corporate Museum: A New Type of Museum Created as a Component of Marketing Company
PublikacjaA new type of museum appeared – the corporate museum. The museum institution in this instance has been used as a new marketing device for building corporate identity strategies. Their inception is not based on the existing context of a place, but appears to be integrated with the corporate identity program, exposing the company’s values and philosophy. The corporate museums are thematic, commercial buildings, owned by a particular...
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EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF RUBBER AND STYROFOAM BUMPERS INFLUENCE ON THE COLLIDING STRUCTURES
PublikacjaPast and recent investigations of colliding structures under seismic excitation confirmed that pounding may have a significant influence on the structural response. Interactions between adjacent buildings may cause serious damage to the structures, leading even to its total collapse. The main reason of earthquake-induced pounding, besides insufficient distance between structures, are differences in stiffness or mass of colliding structures....
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Analytical tools for functional assessment of architectural layouts
PublikacjaFunctional layout of the building, understood as a layout or set of the facility rooms (or groups of rooms) with a system of internal communication, creates an environment and a place of mutual relations between the occupants of the object. Achieving optimal (from the occupants’ point of view) spatial arrangement is possible through activities that often go beyond the stage of architectural design. Adopted in the architectural...
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Impulse Impedance Measurements of Lightning Protection Earthings
PublikacjaLightning protection earthing systems should be tested at currents with time parameters similar to those of lightnings. A method and definition of a measured value of impulse impedance are introduced. The impulse impedance was determined by a quotient of voltage drop on the tested earthing to a value of current in measure circuit. The usefulness of the impulse method for lightning protection evaluation is tested on radio base stations...
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The role of isolated farmsteads in the open landscape protection on the example of Kashubia
PublikacjaAs a result of the social and economic transformation of rural areas, open landscapes are disappearing. Former farmsteads are being devastated or beginning to lose their landscape context due to the spread of residential building development. At the same time, in many places, the farmstead form is clearly legible and remains an element with which the view is structured and enriched. The article was aimed at drawing attention to...
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Analysis and Risk Evaluation on the Case of Alteration, Revitalization and Conversion of a Historic Building in Gdańsk
PublikacjaEach investment plan, including the one concerning a building, is exposed to the consequences of various types of threats taking place. Therefore, in the case of some large-scale, atypical and complicated building ventures, some actions included in the procedure of risk management should be taken. This will allow for the risk to be eliminated or limited. While preparing a building venture, an investor does not possess full information...
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Low-Level Aerial Photogrammetry as a Source of Supplementary Data for ALS Measurements
PublikacjaThe development of laser scanning technology ALS allows to make high-resolution measurements for large areas result-ing in significant reduction of costs. The main stakeholders at heights data received from the airborne laser scanning is mainly state administration. The state institutions appear among projects such as ISOK. Each point is classified in ac-cordance with the standard LAS 1.2, our research focuses on the class 6 -...
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Trees as a solar control measure for southern-oriented street frontages. Analysis of a selected street model for a humid continental climate
PublikacjaThe present study is aimed at the analysis of possibilities for shading southern frontage of street oriented along the E-W axis by the single row of trees, parallel to the southern elevations. The effectiveness of solar control shading was tested depending on the geometric relationships between trees and buildings. Numerical simulation analyses were conducted in Rhinoceros® program for the street located in humid continental climate...
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Investigating the effects of structural pounding on the seismic performance of adjacent RC and steel MRFs
PublikacjaAn insufficient separation distance between adjacent buildings is the main reason for structural pounding during severe earthquakes. The lateral load resistance system, fundamental natural period, mass, and stiffness are important factors having the influence on collisions between two adjacent structures. In this study, 3-, 5- and 9-story adjacent reinforced concrete and steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) were considered to investigate...