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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: SPECIFIC SURFACE ENERGY
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Thermodynamic analysis of the Compressed Air Energy Storage system coupled with the Underground Thermal Energy Storage
PublikacjaImprovement of flexibility is one of the key challenges for the transformation of the Polish Power System aiming at a high share of renewable energy in electricity generation. Flexible and dispatchable power plants will contribute to this ongoing transformation process as they compensate for fluctuations in electricity generation from renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaics. In this context, CAES storage tanks are...
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Efficiency of Biomass Energy used for Heating Purposes in a Residential Building in Comparison with other Energy Sources
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the results of analyses investigating the energy efficiency of biomass in comparison with other popular energy carriers used for heating, ventilation and water heating in residential buildings. The compared energy sources were lignite, natural gas, heating oil and electricity produced by conventional and integrated power generation plants. The most efficient variant relying on biomass and the least efficient...
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Occurrence of Surface Active Agents in the Environment
PublikacjaDue to the specific structure of surfactants molecules they are applied in different areas of human activity (industry, household). After using and discharging from wastewater treatment plants as effluent stream, surface active agents (SAAs) are emitted to various elements of the environment (atmosphere, waters, and solid phases), where they can undergo numerous physic-chemical processes (e.g., sorption, degradation) and freely...
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Thermal Energy Development in Magnetohydrodynamic Flow Utilizing Titanium Dioxide, Copper Oxide and Aluminum Oxide Nanoparticles: Thermal Dispersion and Heat Generating Formularization
PublikacjaThe main aim of this article heat transfer in thermal engineering deals with the production, use, transformation, and transfer of thermal energy. Engineering and industrial fields including food packaging, the production of food additives, electronic cooling, microturbines, etc. heavily rely on heat transmission. Due to its intriguing potential in industries like the production of polymers, paper, crystal glass, etc., scientists...
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Role of surface recombination in perovskite solar cells at the interface of HTL/CH3NH3PbI3
PublikacjaIn order to achieve the highest performance of organometal trihalide perovskite solar cells, it is required to recognize the dominant mechanisms which play a key role in a perovskite material. In the following studies, we have focused on the interfacial recombination between the hole transporting layer (HTL) and the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 in solar cell devices with p–i–n architecture. It has been shown that Cu:NiOx : used as HTL...
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On Effective Bending Stiffness of a Laminate Nanoplate Considering Steigmann–Ogden Surface Elasticity
PublikacjaAs at the nanoscale the surface-to-volume ratio may be comparable with any characteristic length, while the material properties may essentially depend on surface/interface energy properties. In order to get effective material properties at the nanoscale, one can use various generalized models of continuum. In particular, within the framework of continuum mechanics, the surface elasticity is applied to the modelling of surface-related...
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Organic carbon fluxes of a glacier surface: a case study of Foxfonna, a small Arctic glacier
PublikacjaArctic glaciers are rapidly responding to global warming by releasing organic carbon (OC) to downstream ecosystems. The glacier surface is arguably the most biologically active and biodiverse glacial habitat and therefore the site of important OC transformation and storage, although rates and magnitudes are poorly constrained. In this paper, we present measurements of OC fluxes associated with atmospheric deposition, ice melt,...
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Universal autonomous control and management system for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel
PublikacjaThe paper presents design, structure and architecture of the Universal Autonomous Control and Management System (UACAMS) for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel. The system was designed, installed and implemented on the multipurpose platform - unmanned surface vessel named HydroDron. The platform is designed to execute hydrographic survey missions with multi-variant configuration of the survey system (payload? ) including multi-beam...
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Laser-assisted modification of titanium dioxide nanotubes in a tilted mode as surface modification and patterning strategy
PublikacjaElectrochemical anodization is regarded as a facile and easily scalable fabrication method of titania nanotubes (TiO2NTs). However, due to the extended duration of calcination and further modifications, much faster alternatives are highly required. As a response to growing interest in laser modification of nanotube arrays, a comprehensive investigation of pulsed-laser irradiation and its effect onto TiO2NT properties has been carried out....
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The effect of thermal modification on the quality of the milled surface of beech and pine wood
PublikacjaThe article deals with the effect of thermal modification on the quality of the created surface during milling on CNC milling cutters. The quality of the created surface is evaluated based on surface roughness, specifically its roughness parameter Ra. The observed surface is created by a shank cutter with a diameter of 20 mm and three cutting edges in a spiral at a standard speed of 18,000. min-1. The article compares thermally...
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Role of the Solvation Water in Remote Interactions of Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins with the Surface of Ice
PublikacjaMost protein molecules do not adsorb onto ice, one of the exceptions being so-called antifreeze proteins. In this paper, we describe that there is a force pushing an antifreeze protein molecule away from the ice surface when it is not oriented with its ice-binding plane toward the ice and that this pushing force may be also present even when the protein is oriented with its ice-binding plane toward the ice. This force is absent...
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Managerial Energy in Sustainable Enterprises: Organizational Wisdom Approach
PublikacjaThe circular economy (CE) as an idea involves applying the concept of sustainable development that has been gaining worldwide support. This shift in perception of energy and resource-use from its linear to circular forms creates a specific business environment, which constitutes the subject of this research. This article aims to analyze the impact of a manager’s energy on organizational wisdom, focusing on its circular business...
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The energy consumption during the birch tree sap concentration process using the reverse osmosis system
PublikacjaBirch tree sap was concentrated by mens of the reversed osmosis technique. The energy consumption in a small-scale pilot apparatus was estimated. The threshold value for the water removal above which the specific energy consumption significantly increased was identified. Below the threshold value the reversed osmosis had low energy demand and could be an attractive method for the production of birch tree sap-based beverages.
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Use of Modified Cuckoo Search algorithm in the design process of integrated power systems for modern and energy self-sufficient farms
PublikacjaIn the face of increasingly stringent pollutant emission regulations, designing an agricultural holding becomes a difficult challenge of connecting a large number of coefficients that describe an energy system of a farm in regard to its ecological and economic efficiency. One way to cope with this issue is to design an energy self-sufficient farm that integrates various technologies, including renewable energy. However, the selection...
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Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy of the oxygen modified CrCl3 surface
PublikacjaWe investigate the experimentally challenging CrCl3 surface by photon energy dependent photoemission (PE). The core and valence electrons after cleavage of a single crystal, either in a ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or in air, are studied by keeping the samples at 150 1C, aiming at confirming the atomic composition with respect to the expected bulk atomic structure. A common spectroscopic denominator revealed by data is the presence of...
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An effective Hamiltonian for sulfur adsorption at Au(100) surface
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ANALYSIS OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN ELECTRIC DRIVES
PublikacjaIn this paper energy efficiency in electric drives is analysed. This factor strongly depends on energy parameters - efficiency n and power factor k (in special case cos fi)
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Energy Yield Generated by a Small Building Integrated Photovoltaic Installation
PublikacjaIn the recent years photovoltaic (PV) industry has experienced a major growth, caused by the ever present annual decrease in module production prices and the expanding awareness of the general public in terms of renewable energy. There are numerous ways to implement PV modules as an additional energy source for a building, be it mounted on the rooftop, or building integrated (BIPV). An analysis of BIPV consisting of 8 modules with...
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Deep learning for ultra-fast and high precision screening of energy materials
PublikacjaSemiconductor materials for energy storage are the core and foundation of modern information society and play important roles in photovoltaic system, integrated circuit, spacecraft technology, lighting applications, and other fields. Unfortunately, due to the long experiment period and high calculation cost, the high-precision band gap (the basic characteristic parameter) of semiconductor is difficult to obtain, which hinders the...
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Au-RE-TiO2 nanocomposites: Surface characteristics and photoactivity
PublikacjaThe photocatalysts based on TiO2 co-doped with rare earth metal (RE) and gold nanoparticles have been prepared using a sol-gel method and followed by gold reduction. Specific surface areas of the modified photocatalysts were calculated by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET). Diffuse reflectance spectra of the obtained photocatalysts were recorded in a UV-Vis spectrophotometer (DRS UV-Vis). The influence of the type of rare...
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On the Bending of Multilayered Plates Considering Surface Viscoelasticity
PublikacjaWe discuss the bending resistance of multilayered plates taking into account surface/interfacial viscoelasticity. Within the linear surface viscoelasticity we introduce the surface/interfacial stresses linearly dependent on the history of surface strains. In order to underline the surface viscoelasticity contribution to the bending response we restrict ourselves to the elastic behaviour in the bulk. Using the correspondence principle...
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Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Technologies
PublikacjaNowadays, fossil fuels are the main sources energy from which electricity is obtained. But these sources will not last forever, so in due course renewable energies will have to replace them in this role. All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels — coal, oil, and natural gas — do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public...
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Energy recovery effectiveness in trolleybus transport
PublikacjaNowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest whichis connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the pricesof fuel and electricity. One of the possibilities to reduce energy consumption in urban public transport isto increase the extent of regenerative braking energy utilization. This can be achieved by its accumulationin the supercapacitors...
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Accurate and continuous adhesive fracture energy determination using an instrumented wedge test
PublikacjaThe wedge test and the related double cantilever beam test are practical methods of assessing structural adhesive fracture energy. In the former, and to a lesser extent the latter, a recognised problem is the difficulty of following the length of the growing crack, required to calculate fracture energy with any accuracy. We present a novel method of measurement of crack length that has the advantages of being accurate and allowing...
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Optimisation of cooperation of hybrid renewable energy sources with hydrogen energy storage toward the lowest net present cost
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a technical and economic analysis of the power supply for a model industrial facility based on intermittent renewable energy sources in the form of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules, supplemented with hydrogen energy storage. The adopted power supply strategy assumed the maximisation of self-consumption of self-produced electricity. Six variants were considered, including two with an energy...
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DEPO: A dynamic energy‐performance optimizer tool for automatic power capping for energy efficient high‐performance computing
PublikacjaIn the article we propose an automatic power capping software tool DEPO that allows one to perform runtime optimization of performance and energy related metrics. For an assumed application model with an initialization phase followed by a running phase with uniform compute and memory intensity, the tool performs automatic tuning engaging one of the two exploration algorithms—linear search (LS) and golden section search (GSS), finds...
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Composites in energy storing prosthetic feet
PublikacjaComposites reinforced with carbon and glass fibers have become the commonly used material in the production of energy storing prosthetic feet (ESPF/elastic feet prostheses). Their properties ensure a stable and light structure that allows for accumulation, storage and release of energy during walking, thus ensuring an increase in gait efficiency. Depending on the modification of the composite in terms of fiber selection, their...
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Energy Consumption Analysis Methods in Industry
PublikacjaThis paper overviews applied methods to evaluate energy consumption in Industry. The most important law regulations are presented, which decide on the necessity to conduct an effec - tive energetic economy. Basic assumptions are defined to calculate direct and cumulative energy consumption. The pros and cons of using each method are presented.
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Architects and urban planners in the face of energy transition - smart cities energy aspects in shaping building structures and cities
PublikacjaContemporary architects and urban planners are facing steadily increasing challenges. The growing problems around environmental issues, shrinking natural resources and climate action are just some of them. Currently, planning should also include balancing with all the aspects of sustainable development such as not only the environmental issues, but also social and economic ones. How to meet them in the era of energy transition...
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Balancing energy processes in turbine engines
PublikacjaThe article discusses the issue of balancing energy processes in turbine engines in operation in aeronautic and PDULQHSURSXOVLRQV\VWHPVZLWKWKHDLPWRDQDO\VHDQGHYDOXDWH EDVLFRSHUDWLQJSDUDPHWHUV7KH¿UVWSDUWSUHVHQWV the problem of enormous amounts of energy needed for driving fans and compressors of the largest contemporary turbofan engines commonly used in long-distance aviation. The amounts of the transmitted power and the effect RIÀRZSDUDPHWHUVDQGFRQVWUXFWLRQDOSURSHUWLHVRIWKHHQJLQHV RQWKHLUSHUIRUPDQFHDQGUHDOHI¿FLHQF\DUH evaluated....
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Bending of a Three-Layered Plate with Surface Stresses
PublikacjaWe discuss here the bending deformations of a three-layered plate taking into account surface and interfacial stresses. The first-order shear deformation plate theory and the Gurtin-Murdoch model of surface stresses will be considered and the formulae for stiffness parameters of the plate are derived. Their dependence on surface elastic moduli will be analyzed.
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Surface Plasmon-Coupled Emission of Rhodamine 110 Aggregates in a Silica Nanolayer
PublikacjaFirst analysis of strong directional surface plasmon-coupled emission(SPCE) of ground-state formed intermolecular aggregates of Rhodamine 110 (R110) insilica nanofilms deposited on silver nanolayers is reported. Until now, the processes ofenergy transport and its trapping due to aggregate formation have not been studied in the presence of SPCE. A new approach to multicomponent systems with weakly and strongly fluorescent centers...
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Low-energy positron scattering from gas-phase uracil
PublikacjaQuantum scattering calculations are presented for the interaction of low energy positrons with the uracil molecule, an important component of biological systems. The rotational elastic and inelastic cross sections and vibrational inelastic cross sections are reported and compared with existing experiments, indicating a general trend of the cross sections different from the experimental findings and in line with what should be expected...
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Stirling engines powered by renewable energy sources
PublikacjaStirling engine is a device that produces mechanical energy using heat from any source of energy, without the need of combustion of any fuel inside the device. Renewable energy sources, which are mostly low-temperature energy sources, can be used to produce mechanical and electrical energy in Stirling engines. The paper presents an overview of the existing prototype Stirling engines designed for using of low-temperature energy...
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Energy Security of Polish Consumers in 2004-2021
PublikacjaTheoretical background: Energy security is one of the most important components of economic security. It is influenced not only by access to energy sources and the economic situation of the state and the individual consumer. The authors adopted the definition of energy security of an individual consumer as included in the UN report. It states that energy security of an individual consumer is guaranteed when the average consumer...
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Reactions on the surface of the implant under the influence of biofilm
PublikacjaThe contact of a biomaterial with the biological environment in in vitro and in vivo tests leads to the production of a particular ecosystem in which the active roles perform both, the material surface and the extracellular matrix protein forming a biofilm. Proteins affect cell and bacteria adhesion processes, biological activity of cells and activation of inflammatory response.The knowledge of the reaction mechanisms active on...
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POLAND’S ENERGY DEPENDENCE AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY
PublikacjaThe following article is an attempt to assess Poland's energy independence in the years 1993-2020. The main aim of the paper is to present Poland's dependence on raw materials from foreign partners - in the field of imports of electricity, natural gas, crude oil, non-renewable energy resources, i.e., hard coal and lignite, and the country's dynamics in the amount of imports. In addition, the aim of the work is to answer research...
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Selected anionic and cationic surface active agents determined in river sediments – the Klodnica catchment
PublikacjaSurface active agents (SAAs) are specific compounds that contain hydrophilic/ hydrophobic group in their molecules named as amphiphilic structures. According to charge on the hydrophilic part of surfactants they can be classified into three main groups: anionic, cationic and non-ionic compounds. Due to the amphiphilic structure of SAAs they have specific properties (e.g. ability to adsorption at different surfaces, reduction of...
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The smartest location for an eco-district– investigation of urban spatial energy efficiency
Publikacjancreasing awareness concerning environmental aspects of spatial and architectural planning led to more deliberated projects of eco-districts. Located all over the world and constantly being improved, apart from excellent energetical parameters, most of them have one specific characteristic in common, which is location in the outskirts. The aim of this article was to understand the importance of ecological district location depending...
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Tailoring a low-energy ball milled MnCo2O4 spinel catalyst to boost oxygen evolution reaction performance
PublikacjaThe development of cost-efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts is one of the most important tasks facing modern techniques for hydrogen production. In this work, for the first time, a low-energy ball milling process of MnCo2O4 (MCO) spinel powders, with a mechanical modification time exceeding 1 day was used. After 6 days of ball-milling, the obtained overpotential of the electrocatalyst reached the value of 375 mV...
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Green energy extraction for sustainable development: A novel MPPT technique for hybrid PV-TEG system
PublikacjaThe Photovoltaic (PV) module converts only a small portion of irradiance into electrical energy. Most of the solar energy is wasted as heat, resulting in a rise in PV cell temperature and a decrease in solar cell efficiency. One way to harvest this freely available solar thermal energy and improve PV cell efficiency is by integrating PV systems with thermoelectric generators (TEG). This cogeneration approach of the hybrid PV-TEG...
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Energy consumption optimization in wastewater treatment plants: Machine learning for monitoring incineration of sewage sludge
PublikacjaBiomass management in terms of energy consumption optimization has become a recent challenge for developed countries. Nevertheless, the multiplicity of materials and operating parameters controlling energy consumption in wastewater treatment plants necessitates the need for sophisticated well-organized disciplines in order to minimize energy consumption and dissipation. Sewage sludge (SS) disposal management is the key stage of...
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Multicomponent layers for aluminium alloys surface consolidation
PublikacjaThe main reason of the surface modification of the components such as pistons and cylinder blocks made of cast aluminium alloys is to obtain high hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of the working surface for larger lifetime of the motor-car and aircraft engines. In that aspect, the new conception of development - by hybrid method - of surface layers containing manganese, nitrogen, sulphur (Mn-N-S) and manganese, nitrogen,...
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Surface Treatment of Rubber Waste
PublikacjaThis chapter deals with the study of different approaches to improve the compatibility of waste rubber with polymeric matrixes of high density polyethylene (HDPE) by using surface treatments to increase adhesion. Different surface treatments such as etching with sulphuric and nitric acids, the use of a silane as a coupling agent and chlorination with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCI) have been applied. The modification of waste rubber...
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LattE- first-principles lattice energy calculations
PublikacjaCrystal engineering is currently attracting much interest. Its aim is to create materials of predefined properties fulfilling the requirements imposed by the applications. There are several parameters describing crystal structures, but the most important one is probably the energy of a crystal lattice. It is the energy released by the system when crystalline solid is formed out of molecules or ions in gaseous phase. Approximate...
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A Review on Metal–Organic Framework as a Promising Catalyst for Biodiesel Production ENERGY & FUELS
PublikacjaThe rapid depletion of fossil-derived fuels along with rising environmental pollution have motivated academics and manufacturers to pursue more environmentally friendly and sustainable energy options in today’s globe. Biodiesel has developed as an ecologically favorable alternative. However, the mass manufacturing of biodiesel on an industrial scale confronts substantial cost and pricing challenges. To address this issue, high-efficiency...
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Economical methods for measuring road surface roughness
PublikacjaTwo low-cost methods of estimating the road surface condition are presented in the paper, the first one based on the use of accelerometers and the other on the analysis of images acquired from cameras installed in a vehicle. In the first method, miniature positioning and accelerometer sensors are used for evaluation of the road surface roughness. The device designed for installation in vehicles is composed of a GPS receiver and...
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Pre-swirl energy saving device in marine application
PublikacjaThis paper covers topics of energy saving device (ESD) with application to marine propulsors. The form of ESD, considered in this paper, consists of fixed lifting foils mounted in front of the screw propeller (the pre-swirl stator/guide vanes). An algorithm for designing propulsion systems, consisting of guide vanes and screw propeller, is presented. The proposed method relies on hybrid lifting line (guide vanes)-lifting surface...
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Comparison of Average Energy Slope Estimation Formulas for One-dimensional Steady Gradually Varied Flow
PublikacjaTo find the steady flow water surface profile, it is possible to use Bernoulli’s equation, which is a discrete form of the differential energy equation. Such an approach requires the average energy slope between cross-sections to be estimated. In the literature, many methods are proposed for estimating the average energy slope in this case, such as the arithmetic mean, resulting in the standard step method, the harmonic mean and...
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Wave transmission across surface interfaces in lattice structures
PublikacjaWithin the lattice dynamics formulation, we present an exact solution for anti-plane surface waves in a square lattice strip with a surface row of material particles of two types separated by a linear interface. The considered problem is a discrete analog of an elastic half-space with surface stresses modelled through the simplified Gurtin–Murdoch model, where we have an interfacial line separating areas with different surface...