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Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) used for coating of expanded polystyrene spheres (EPS)
Dane BadawczeData refer to the results of BET surface area of TiO2 and SiO2 powders used for coating of expanded polystyrene spheres. The detailed measurement and equipment data was described in readme BET.txt file.TiO2 was treated firstly in autoclave at 150 C degrees for 1h, then was further heat treated in Ar at 400 C degrees. As a raw material TiO2 was used,...
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Electrical measurements of the dewetting of metal thin films
Dane BadawczeIn situ observations of dewetting of thin films is very complicated. One of the method, that helps to observe it, could be electrical measurements. For experiments, thin gold, silver and gold-silver nanoalloy films were deposited by magnetron sputtering method. Films were deposited on a Corning glass substrates. Samples were measured by four point method...
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Overheating of underground power cable line due to its partial exposition to solar radiation
PublikacjaCurrent-carrying capacity of underground power cable lines depends, among others, on thermal resistivity of the soil and cables layout: trefoil formation, flat formation with or without spacing. If conditions for heat transfer in the ground are favorable, the current-carrying capacity is relatively high. Therefore, it generates risk of the power cables overheating, if part of the cable line is located vertically in the air, to...
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Modelling Long‐Term Transition from Coal‐Reliant to Low‐Emission Power Grid and District Heating Systems in Poland
PublikacjaEnergy systems require technological changes towards climate neutrality. In Poland, where the power system is dominated by outdated coal-fired power plants, efforts to minimize the environmental impact are associated with high costs. Therefore, optimal paths for the development of the energy sector should be sought in order to achieve ambitious long-term strategic goals, while minimizing the negative impact on the consumers’ home...
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Determination of t8/5 cooling times for underwater local dry welding of steel
PublikacjaKnowledge of thermal history is the basic condition for studying the structure - properties of welded joints. The determinant of thermal history is the thermal cycle, whose in-situ measurements are still a big challenge. Water as the welding environment complicates this issue even more. The article presents a method to determine an equation for calculating t8/5 cooling times for underwater gas metal arc welding of unalloyed steels...
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Effect of Electron Beam Power Density on the Structure of Titanium Under Non-Vacuum Electron-Beam Treatment
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The Effect of Surface Treatment with Isocyanate and Aromatic Carbodiimide of Thermally Expanded Vermiculite Used as a Functional Filler for Polylactide-Based Composites
PublikacjaIn this work, thermally expanded vermiculite (TE-VMT) was surface modified and used as a filler for composites with a polylactide (PLA) matrix. Modification of vermiculite was realized by simultaneous ball milling with the presence of two PLA chain extenders, aromatic carbodiimide (KI), and 4,4’-methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI). In addition to analyzing the particle size of the filler subjected to processing, the efficiency...
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Different design aspects of an Organic Rankine Cycle turbine for electricity production using a geothermal binary power plant
PublikacjaIn recent years, pressure has been growing to increase the share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation, which may offer opportunities for the development of geothermal energy in regions that have been so far considered unprofitable in this respect. One such country currently undergoing an energy transition is Poland in which low-temperature geothermal resources are currently used for district heating and recreation...
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Thermodynamic Characteristics of Phenacetin in Solid State and Saturated Solutions in Several Neat and Binary Solvents
PublikacjaThe thermodynamic properties of phenacetin in solid state and in saturated conditions in neat and binary solvents were characterized based on differential scanning calorimetry and spectroscopic solubility measurements. The temperature-related heat capacity values measured for both the solid and melt states were provided and used for precise determination of the values for ideal solubility, fusion thermodynamic functions, and...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Flame retardant epoxy/halloysite nanotubes nanocomposite coatings: Exploring low-concentration threshold for flammability compared to expandable graphite as superior fire retardant
PublikacjaEpoxy nanocomposites containing halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were developed and their low-concentration thresholds for thermal stability and flame retardancy were compared with that of epoxy system containing expandable graphite (EG), as a reference with superior flame retardancy. The effects of HNTs and EG on the peak of Heat Release Rate (pHRR), Total Heat Release (THR), and Time-To-Ignition (TTI) of the prepared samples were...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublikacjaThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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WSPÓŁPRACA BLOKU GAZOWO-PAROWEGO Z OBIEGIEM ORC = Combinded power plant in cooperation with ORC
PublikacjaIn the paper presented is the idea of a combined gas and steam power plant cooperation with a low temperature organic Rankine cycle ORC unit. Considerations presented in the paper are accomplished for the Gorzów CHP. The intention of present analysis is heat recovery of low temperature energy and its further use in ORC cycle in order to produce electricity, without increase in fuel consumption. Waste energy is recovered from the...
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Analysing selection of low-temperature medium for cogeneration micro power plant
PublikacjaThe article analyses the ORC system working with dry and wet low-boiling media which are most frequently used in installations of this type. Two types of cycles were examined, which were the cycle with heat regeneration for dry media: fc72, hfe7100, R227ea, R245fa, R423a and R600a, and the cycle without heat regeneration for wet media: R11, R12, R134a, R718 and 507a. The calculations were performed for the assumed required thermal...
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Analysing selection of low-temperature medium for cogeneration micro power plant
PublikacjaThe article analyses the ORC system working with dry and wet low-boiling media which are most frequently used in installations of this type. Two types of cycles were examined, which were the cycle with heat regeneration for dry media: fc72, hfe7100, R227ea, R245fa, R423a and R600a, and the cycle without heat regeneration for wet media: R11, R12, R134a, R718 and 507a. The calculations were performed for the assumed required thermal...
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Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with ORC module for electricity generation
PublikacjaThe study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler. In the case of a conventional boiler there is noted a greater fuel consumption and the greater power generated than in the case of the unit with the condensing boiler. Postulated is the indicator in the form of a ratio of turbine power to the mass flow rate of fuel, which in turn gives...
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Enzymatic cross-linking of β-lactoglobulin in solution and at air–water interface: Structural constraints
PublikacjaEffective and controlled use of cross-linking enzymes in structure engineering of food systems depends on characterization of the favorable conditions for enzyme-substrate complex and the limiting factors for the desired modification. In this respect, we analyzed the susceptibility of bovine β-lactoglobulin (BLG) to enzymatic cross-linking by Trichoderma reesei tyrosinase (TrTyr) and transglutaminase (TG). Changes in BLG molecular...
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Coffee Wastes as Sustainable Flame Retardants for Polymer Materials
PublikacjaDevelopment of green flame retardants has become a core part of the attention of material scientists and technologists in a paradigm shift from general purpose to specific sustainable products. This work is the first report on the use of coffee biowastes as sustainable flame retardants for epoxy, as a typical highly flammable polymer. We used spent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as SCG chemically modified with phosphorus (P-SCG)...
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Experimental and comparative study on the two-phase pressure drop of air-water mixture in U-bend and straight pipe annuli
PublikacjaIn this paper, the experimental and theoretical analysis of pressure drop in singlephase and two phase-flow were presented for straight and U-bend smooth tube annulus and tube annulus with wire coil insert. Experiments for various boundary conditions were performed. In case of U-tube and straight tube with and without turbulator, tests were made for the water-water and air-water systems. The study covered a wide measuring range,...
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SELECTED COMBINED POWER SYSTEMS CONSISTED OF SELFIGNITION ENGINE AND STEAM TURBINE
PublikacjaThis paper presents optimization of selected combined diesel engine-steam turbine systems. Two systems: the system combined with waste heat one-pressure boiler only and its version containing additionally low-pressure boiler proper feeding degasifier and the system of two-pressure cycle, were taken into considerations. Their surplus values of power output and efficiency associated with utilization of waste heat contained in piston...
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THERMAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF HYBRID MICROCHANNEL-MICROJET TEST PROBE
PublikacjaThe paper presents the numerical investigation of a microjet- microchannel cooling module. In which microjets of water are impinging into the microchannels and forming a liquid film on the impingement surface. Applied technology takes benefits from two very attractive heat removal techniques. When lminar jets are impinging on the surface have a very high kinetic energy at the stagnation point, also in microchannels boundary layer...
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Crystal structure and low-energy Einstein mode in ErV2Al20 intermetallic cage compound
PublikacjaSingle crystals of a new ternary aluminide ErV2Al20 were grown using a self-flux method. The crystal structure was determined by powder X-ray diffraction measurements and Rietveld refinement, and physical properties were studied by means of electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements. These measurements reveal that ErV2Al20 is a Curie-Weiss paramagnet down to 1.95 K with an effective magnetic...
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The σ-phase superconductors Nb20.4Rh5.7Ge3.9 and Nb20.4Rh5.7Si3.9
PublikacjaWe show that the previously unreported ternary σ phases Nb20.4Rh5.7Ge3.9 and Nb20.4Rh5.7Si3.9 are both superconductors with Tc values of approximately 1.9 K. The superconducting transitions were characterized through temperature-dependent magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistance, and specific heat measurements. The Sommerfeld constants, γ, for Nb20.4Rh5.7Ge3.9 and Nb20.4Rh5.7Si3.9 are 89(1) mJ mol-f.u.−1K−2 and 86(1) mJ mol-f.u.−1K−2...
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Superconductivity in LiGa2Ir Heusler type compound with VEC = 16
PublikacjaPolycrystalline LiGa2Ir has been prepared by a solid state reaction method. A Rietveld refnement of powder x-ray difraction data confrms a previously reported Heusler-type crystal structure (space group Fm-3m, No. 225) with lattice parameter a= 6.0322(1) Å. The normal and superconducting state properties were studied by magnetic susceptibility, heat capacity, and electrical resistivity techniques. A bulk superconductivity with...
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Zagospodarowanie ciepła odpadowego z biogazowych agregatów kogeneracyjnych w oczyszczalni ścieków
PublikacjaW pracy opisano koncepcję współpracy biogazowych modułów kogeneracyjnych z niskotemperaturowym obiegiem parowym. Proponowana modernizacja pozwoliłaby na wykorzystanie entalpii fizycznej spalin, tym samym zwiększając sprawność urządzeń wytwarzających ciepło i energię elektryczną. Tego typu rozwiązanie umożliwiłoby częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania własnego na energię elektryczną, generując oszczędności w przedsiębiorstwie. W artykule...
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Reflectance Measurements and iCone Calorimeter Burning Results of Charcoals Derived from Lake Żabińskie (North-Eastern Poland)
Dane BadawczeThe dataset presents the results of litter burning experiments using an iCone calorimeter to assess the flammability of the major tree species in the Lake Żabińskie catchment (NE Poland) and links this to the heat release during burning to understand the influence of fire and its effects on ecosystems. Samples of litter from Betula pendula, Pinus sylvestris,...
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SiC coating in ring-on-ring sliding with saline solution (0.9%) lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #B37/#A35
Dane BadawczeWear tests in sliding friction of SiC coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, SiC over SiC . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: SALINE SOLUTION (0.9%). Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 3 min.Secimen...
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TiC coating in ring-on-ring sliding with saline solution (0.9%) lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A39/#B41
Dane BadawczeWear tests in sliding friction of TiC coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, TiC over TiC . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: SALINE SOLUTION (0.9%). Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 3 min.Secimen...
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SiC coating in ring-on-ring sliding with saline solution (0.9%) lubrication 5MPa, 0.1m/s specimn. #A35/#B37
Dane BadawczeWear tests in sliding friction of SiC coating on 1.4021 (EN 10088-1) heat treated stainless steel. Ring - on - ring contact in unidirectional sliding, SiC over SiC . Mean contact stress: 5MPa. Sliding velocity: 0,1 m/s. Mean friction radius: 9.5mm. Lubricant: SALINE SOLUTION (0.9%). Tribometer: PT-3. Overall test time till coating penetration 3 min.Secimen...
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Inverse determination of sliding surface temperature based on measurements by thermocouples with account of their thermal inertia
PublikacjaThis study developed an inverse heat conduction algorithm to determine temperature at a sliding surface taking account of thermocouple thermal inertia. The direct heat conduction problem was solved analytically based on the Laplace integral transform approach. The inverse algorithm was applied to the problem of friction of a brake material against a steel. The experiments were conducted on a pin-on-disc tribometer for three short-time...
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Structural and luminescent study of TeO2-BaO-Bi2O3-Ag glass system doped with Eu3+ and Dy3+ for possible color-tunable phosphor application
PublikacjaTellurite glass systems of 73TeO2-4BaO-3Bi2O3-1Ag:xEu2O3-(2-x)Dy2O3 (where x = 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 in molar ratio) composition have been successfully synthesized. In order to acquire Ag nanoparticles, materials have been heat treated at 350 °C in the air atmosphere. Structural properties of obtained samples were evaluated with various techniques. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements indicated that obtained materials are amorphous in...
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Comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of selected nuclear ship power plants with high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear reactor
PublikacjaThis paper presents a comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of two ship power plant systems with a high-temperature helium- cooled nuclear reactor. The first of them is a gas system with recuperator , in which classical gas chamber is substituted for a HTGR reactor (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) . The second of the considered cycles is a combined gas-steam system where working medium flux from gas turbine outlet...
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Synthesis and properties of HoT2Al20 (T = Ti, V, Cr) intermetallic cage compounds
PublikacjaPolycrystalline samples of HoT2Al20 (T = Ti, V, Cr) intermetallics were synthesized using a step-wise arc-melting technique. All three compounds adopt the CeCr2Al20-type crystal structure with Ho atoms positioned inside oversized icosahedral cages formed by Al atoms. The structure of HoV2Al20 compound is reported. The materials properties were studied by means of electrical resistivity, magnetic susceptibility, and specific heat...
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A commercial gas boiler fitted with the ORC module as perspective solution for households
PublikacjaIn this paper the applicability of the commercial gas boiler (De Dietrich DTG X23N) coupled with the laboratory prototype micro ORC setup was experimentally studied. The main objective was to determine the working fluid capability to obtain required temperatures of vapour prior to the turbine, attainable heat rates and efficiencies of the whole system. The boiler thermal power was 25 kW. Tests were carried out with a single stage...
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Performance of a hybrid microjet – microchannel cooling module
PublikacjaThe paper presents the experimental investigation of a microjet- microchannel cooling module. In which microjets of water are impinging into the microchannels and forming a liquid film on the impingement surface. Applied technology takes benefits from two very attractive heat removal techniques. When lminar jets are impinging on the surface have a very high kinetic energy at the stagnation point, also in microchannels boundary...
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Application of microturbines in CHP systems with reciprocating engines
PublikacjaThe analysis was carried out for Combined Heat and Power generation systems with micro-turbines power plants working on heat rejected from the reciprocating engine. The calculations were performed for GE Jerbacher engines of J320 GS- C05, J320 GS- C25 and J416 GS- B05 types. We considered different working media (both wet and dry fluids): water, ammonia, ethanol, methanol, methylacetylene (propyne), dimethyloether, sulphur dioxide,...
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Stirling engines - the state of technology development and computational models
PublikacjaStirling engines represent a technologically important solution in combined heat and power systems. Their use enables the achievement of over 90 percent efficiency in the management of the primary energy source with a very high durability of the device, mainly due to the lack of contact of the working gas with external factors and a very small number of mechanical components. The use of a Stirling engine may be equally important...
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Molecular Dynamics simulations of thermal conductivity of penta-graphene
PublikacjaThe thermal conductivity of penta-graphene (PG), a new two dimensional carbon allotrope and its dependence on temperature, strain, and direction are studied in this paper. The thermal conductivity of PG is investigated using a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulation (NEMD) with the Two Region Method by applying the optimized Tersoff interatomic potential. Our study shows that the thermal conductivity of PG (determined for...
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Areas of Updraft Air Motion in an Idealised Weather Research and Forecasting Model Simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Response to Different Floe Size Distributions
PublikacjaPresented dataset is part of a numerical modelling study focusing on the analysis of the influence of sea ice floe size distribution (FSD) on the horizontal and vertical structure of convection in the atmosphere. The total area and spatial arrangement of the up-drafts indicates that the FSD affects the total moisture content and the values of area averaged turbulent fluxes in the model domain. In fact, while convective updrafts...
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XRD data of (Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni)3O4 High-entropy spinel oxide thin films deposited on amorphous SiO2 substrate by spray pyrolysis techniqe, annealed in a range from 400 to 900oC
Dane BadawczeDataset include collected XRD data of (Cr,Fe,Mn,Co,Ni)3O4 high-entropy spinel oxide thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique on amorphous SiO2 substrates and annealed from 400 to 900oC. Samples were prepared in the form of a ~ 500 nm thin film utilising a facile spray pyrolysis technique. The structural and electrical properties of the layers...
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Analiza wydajności kolektora słonecznego przeznaczonego dla systemu ogrzewania budynku o niskim zapotrzebowaniu na ciepło
PublikacjaNiniejsza praca przedstawia wyniki badań numerycznych kolektora słonecznego, przeznaczonego dla budynków o niskim zapotrzebowaniu na ciepło. W pracy przedstawiono nowatorską koncepcję kolektora słonecznego o obniżonej wydajności, niskich kosztach wykonania oraz wykorzystującego istniejące elementy konstrukcji przekryć budynku. Istotną zaletą kolektora jest brak ingerencji w architekturę zewnętrzną budynku. Za pomocą symulacji numerycznej...
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WATER LUBRICATED MAIN SHAFT BEAR INGS WITH THREE LAYER BUSH – MODERN SOLUTION FOR MARINE INDUSTRY
PublikacjaWater lubricated sliding bearings are increasingly popular in marine and hydro power industry. Such popularity is partly due to their simple construction which also means a relatively affordable price. Properly designed and installed water lubricated bearings may well last for over a decade. During the last decade their traditional range has been expanded with new, modern products like three layer bearing bush. The work presents...
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Non-Coaxially Rotating Motion in Casson Martial along with Temperature and Concentration Gradients via First-Order Chemical Reaction
PublikacjaThe effect of non-coaxial rotation on the transport of mass subjected to first-order chemical reaction is studied analytically. The effects of thermal radiation, buoyancy, constructive and destructive chemical reactions along with Casson fluid in rotating frame are discussed. Time evolution of primary and secondary velocities, energy and solute particles are analyzed. The behavior of flow under the variation of intensity of magnetic...
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Iridium 5d -electron driven superconductivity in ThIr3
PublikacjaA polycrystalline sample of superconducting ThI r 3 was obtained by arc-melting Th and Ir metals. Powder x-ray diffraction revealed that the compound crystalizes in a rhombohedral crystal structure (R-3m, s.g. #166) with the lattice parameters: a = 5.3394 ( 1 ) Å and c = 26.4228 ( 8 ) Å . Normal and superconducting states were studied by magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and heat capacity measurements. The results...
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Air-cooled photovoltaic roof tile as an example of the BIPVT system – An experimental study on the energy and exergy performance
PublikacjaThe air-cooled photovoltaic tile is a subject of presented investigations, which focused on improving the overall system efficiency of PV tiles with heat recovery. The operational efficiency of a PV roof tile, together with the construction optimising the air cooling efficiency, were the main points of plans realized at this research stage. The article describes the experimental research consisting of the assessment of electrical,...
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Progress in module design for membrane distillation
PublikacjaThere have been tremendous advances in membrane distillation (MD) since the concept was introduced in 1961: new membrane designs and process configurations have emerged, and its commercial viability has been evaluated in several pilot-scale studies. However, its high energy consumption has hindered its commercialization. One of the most promising ways to overcome this obstacle is to develop more energy-efficient membrane modules....
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The morphology of vanadate glass-ceramics containing BaTiO3 measured with the use of AFM
Dane BadawczeThe structure of vanadate glass-ceramics doped with BaTiO3 was measured by AFM technique. Samples of the composition of x[BaO,TiO2]–(80 − x)V2O5–20Bi2O3 where x = 5, 10 and 15 in mol% were prepared by a conventional melt quenching technique. The melting was performed in alumina crucibles at the temperature of 1273 K–1373 K. The melts were poured on...
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Analog modelling in qualitative analysis of vibration propagation
PublikacjaThe theory of dynamic systems is usually used to model the real systems. The models are based on solving ordinary differential equations, partial or difference, which enable obtaining the relation between input signal and the system response (output signal). The analogy between those models and generalized dynamic systems or control systems can be practically used. Vibration propagation can be described in a similar way as the...
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La 15 Nb x Ge 9 : a superstructure of the Mn 5 Si 3 structure type with interstitial Nb atoms
PublikacjaThe crystal structure and elementary properties of La15NbxGe9 are reported. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction,from a crystallite with only 0.12 Nb/formula unit, reveals that this compound, although transition metal deficient, crystallizes in a hexagonal “15-1-9”-like structure type, space group P63mc (no. 186) with lattice parameters a = b = 15.5017(2) Å, c = 6.9173(2) Å. The physical properties were examined by specific heat and resistivity...
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A continual model of a damaged medium used for analyzing fatigue life of polycrystalline structural alloys under thermal–mechanical loading
PublikacjaThe main physical laws of thermal–plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation processes in polycrystalline structural alloys under various regimes of cyclic thermal–mechanical loading are considered. Within the framework of mechanics of damaged media, a mathematical model is developed that describes thermal–plastic deformation and fatigue damage accumulation processes under low-cycle loading. The model consists of three...