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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: LOW-WAGE COUNTRIES
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CHALLENGES TO NATIONAL ECONOMIES OF SELECTED EU COUNTRIES IN THE CONTEXT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN SOCIETY
PublikacjaThe countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which acceded to the EU in 2004, are facing a great challenge related to transformations in the level and demographic structure of the population. The observed adverse demographic developments require taking decisive actions aimed at curbing the negative trend. The purpose of this paper is to present changes in the level and demographic structure of population and their impact on...
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IMPACT OF THE FINANCING STRUCTURE ON EFFICIENCY OF HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE FORMER EASTERN BLOC COUNTRIES
PublikacjaOut-of-pocket expenditures are a significant barrier in accessing health services. This paper aims to analyse the structure of financing system in the context of the performance indicators of healthcare systems. The study was conducted for the 28 countries of the former Eastern bloc in the years 2000 and 2013, based on data from the World Health Organization. In the DEA-CCR input-oriented model, inputs are the percentage share...
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THE ASSESSMENT OF THE SITUATION IN BANKING SECTORS IN SELECTED EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
PublikacjaThe economic significance of the banking sector is well recognized in the theory and practice. In the literature there are discussed various topics concerning banking: banking sectors stability and its determinants, as well as influence of the banking sector on other sectors of the economy. Moreover the situation in the banking sector has been studied from different perspectives: its stability, profitability, efficiency, competition,...
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Is Digital Government Advancing Sustainable Governance? A Study of OECD/EU Countries
PublikacjaInternational bodies and numerous authors advocate a key role for Digital Government (DG) in improving public governance and achieving other policy outcomes. Today, a particularly relevant outcome is advancing Sustainable Governance (SG), i.e., the capacity to steer and coordinate public action towards sustainable development. This article performs an empirical study of the relationship between DG and SG using data about 41 OECD/EU...
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Analysis of the impact of socio-economic development on road safety based on the example of Baltic Sea Region countries
PublikacjaBaltic Sea Region (BSR) is a specific region of Europe, bringing together countries with different levels of socio-economic development. The main common point is territorial access to the Baltic Sea and the importance of maritime transport in the transportation of goods. The region consists of 9 countries, including Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Russia (more specifically, Kaliningrad...
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ICT-driven economic and financial development. Analyses of European countries
PublikacjaICT-Driven Economic and Financial Development: Analyses of European Countries demonstrates the effects of ICT diffusion on economic, social and financial development by examining their impact on the structure and dynamics of national economies. It provides the insight into shifts observed in labour markets, international trade activities productivity factors, education and use of innovative financial products. It combines empirical...
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Does technology matter for economic development? Empirical evidence for Latin American Countries
PublikacjaThe spread of new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has been recognized worldwide. ICTs are broadly perceived as tools facilitating economic growth and development, especially in backward countries. They are easy and cheap to adopt, require minimum skills for effective use, and bring opportunities for disadvantaged societies. They enable education, knowledge dissemination and sharing, and processing and storing...
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Why do Open Government Data initiatives fail in developing countries? A root cause analysis of the most prevalent barriers and problems
PublikacjaOpen government data (OGD) include the provision of government data, which have so far been reserved for the provision of public utilities and services, wherein different stakeholders may create value out of the same source. Recently, OGD initiatives around the world have dampened or were found to be inadequate for one or other reasons. The present study seeks to underline the root causes behind these inadequate or stalled initiatives...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. The following dataset contains the number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019.
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ECONOMIC GROWTH AND FEMALE LABOR FORCE PARTICIPATION – VERIFYING THE U-FEMINIZATION HYPOTHESIS. NEW EVIDENCE FOR 162 COUNTRIES OVER THE PERIOD 1990-2012.
PublikacjaThe paper contributes by providing new insights into relationship between female labor force and economic growth in 162 world countries over the period 1990-2012. It is anticipated uncovering U-shaped relationship between female labor force participation and economic growth. The analysis is run in two different perspectives – first the relationship is examined for sample encompassing 162 countries; and second – the evidence is...
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EDUCATIONAL ENGAGEMENT OF THE ELDERLY – THE EXPERIENCES OF THE SELECTED BALTIC SEA REGION (BSR) COUNTRIES
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to present the engagement of the elderly being close to retirement age in the Baltic Sea Region countries in the education of the adults, as well as to discuss the possibilities and conditions for the educational activity of the elderly. The authors also refer to the relationship between the participation of the elderly in education and their socio-economic situation.
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Foreign visitors from Visegrad countries with regard to road safety in Poland
PublikacjaIn the paper the authors present road safety situation in the Polish regions mostly visited by Czech, Slovakian and Hungarian tourists. These regions include Mazowieckie, Dolnoslaskie, Slaskie and Malopolskie voivodeships. After description of the regions and main touristic destinations for foreigners from Visegrad countries, a detailed road safety analysis performed for the period 2007-2012 is given. The paper ends with conclusions in...
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Poroelastic Low Noise Road Surfaces
PublikacjaNoise is one of the most important problems related to road traffic. During the last decades, noise emitted by engine and powertrain of vehicles was greatly reduced and tyres became a clearly dominant noise source. The paper describes the concept of low noise poroelastic road surfaces that are composed with mineral and rubber aggregate bound by polyurethane resin. Those surfaces have a porous structure and are much more flexible...
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Sustainability reporting in justice systems: a comparative research in two European countries
PublikacjaPurpose – That on accountability in public organizations is quite an old debate. Its introduction in judicial systems is, however, still viewed with some suspicion, due to its potential trade-off with independence and impartiality. Nevertheless, the need to respond to the demands for greater transparency and accountability has also pushed judicial organizations to establish a dialogue with a wide range of subjects. This study aims...
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Journal of Infection in Developing Countries
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Journal of Construction in Developing Countries
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The role of trade in intra industry productivity growth - the case of old and new European Union countries.
PublikacjaThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the role of trade in productivity growth in a sample of 30 sectors in 25 EU countries in the period of rapid East–West integration (1995–2007). Shift-share analysis is used to show that changes in value added per hour worked in these countries appear to be mainly due to positive developments (rising productivity) within single industries and only to a lower extent result from a shift towards...
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Skewness preference across countries
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Youth attitude to entrepreneurship in Eastern and Central European countries: Gender aspect
PublikacjaCurrent business conditions pose new challenges to youth entrepreneurship, which is a significant component of countries’ economic growth. In addition, Generation Z differs from previous generations and requires new approaches. In this context, a comprehensive study of the peculiarities and various aspects of youth entrepreneurship development is highly-demanded and relevant. Furthermore, the lower representation of women among...
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Closing the gap – the opportunity for sustainability and smart transition in the Central and East Europe countries
PublikacjaFor almost half a century the countries of CEE were part of- or were remaining under the influence of- the Soviet Union what caused gaping difference in the starting line towards sustainability. Here the prefabricated concrete blocks of flats were being built at the scale unseen in the western countries. Those buildings, approximately a quarter of the residential market, are in a structurally sound condition to last another five...
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The criteria for evaluation and selection the best tender applied by the authorities in Poland and selected EU countries
PublikacjaThe aim of the regulation in EU countries concerning public procurement is to ensure efficient spending of funds by evaluating and choosing the most advantageous offer. The aim of the conducted research is to determine the extent the Polish contracting entities benefit from the possibility of broad selection of various criteria for tender evaluation. On the basis of the analysis of 500 notices on work procedures conducted in the...
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Indicators describing the effectiveness of tax systems of selected OECD countries
Dane BadawczeThe following research data include indicators describing the effectiveness of the tax administration activity in Poland compared to selected countries. In economic understanding efficiency is measured by the calculation of the expenditure of funds spent on its operation and performance of statutory functions. In this respect, the basic indicator is...
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Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction
PublikacjaThe paper presents the proposition of special assessment of lowtemperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed....
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COVID-19 tax response of selected European countries
Dane BadawczeA large part of the aid mechanisms offered by individual European countries in connection with the outbreak of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic concerned the granting of the so-called tax preferences. It should be noted that a tax preference is any deviation from the adopted tax rules, resulting in a reduction of the final tax burden. The...
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Percentage of the working age population in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017
Dane BadawczeThe phenomenon of aging of the society, and thus changes in the structure of the share of population in pre- and post-working age, is typical for all European Union countries. The median age of the population in the European Union countries in 2001-2016 increased from 38.5 years to 43 years. This is the scale of the aging of the population (Median age...
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Share of gross value added by factors of production prices generated by the enterprise sector in Poland and in the EU countries in the GDP of individual countries
Dane BadawczeCompanies operating in the EU countries are characterized by a greater contribution to the creation of GDP than Polish enterprises. Discrepancies in shaping the described value also result from a different industry structure of companies. In other EU countries, more companies are involved in services, and in Poland, enterprises conducting commercial...
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Share of gross value added by factors of production prices generated by the enterprise sector in Poland and in the EU countries in the GDP of individual countries
Dane BadawczeCompanies operating in the EU countries are characterized by a greater contribution to the creation of GDP than Polish enterprises. Discrepancies in shaping the described value also result from a different industry structure of companies. In other EU countries, more companies are involved in services, and in Poland, enterprises conducting commercial...
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Digital Gaps and Economic Inequalities in MENA Countries: An Empirical Investigation
PublikacjaThis research contributes to the present state of the art by examining changes in cross-country inequalities in digital technologies deployment and economic performance. Our empirical target builds on the hypothesis that rapid global diffusion of digital technologies unequivocally leads to gradual eradication of cross-country digital gaps and cross-country inequalities in terms of deployment of ICT; the technology convergence occurs....
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The number of enterprises in Poland and EU countries (in thousands) in 2019
Dane BadawczeEnterprises from the SME sector constitute the majority of companies in Poland and in the European Union countries. However, the structure of domestic enterprises in terms of size and industry differs from the EU average. Taking into account the nature of the business in Poland, more companies operate in trade, and lower in services. However, it should...
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Low-coherence method of hematocrit measurement
PublikacjaDuring the last thirty years low-coherence measurement methods have gained popularity because of their unique advantages. Low-coherence interferometry, low-coherence reflectometry and low-coherence optical tomography offer resolution and dynamic range of measurement at the range of classical optical techniques. Moreover, they enable measurements of the absolute value of the optical path differences, which is still an unsolved problem...
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The fertility rate (TFR) in selected EU countries in 2015
Dane BadawczeThe main reasons for the negative consequences of demographic changes are: natural increase in the life span of the population, decline in fertility and emigration of unusual dimensions.
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Ultra Low Noise Poroelastic Road Surfaces
PublikacjaNoise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. During the last decades, the noise emitted by the engines and powertrains of vehicles was greatly reduced and tires became a clearly dominant noise source. The article describes the concept of low noise poroelastic road surfaces that are composed of mineral and rubber aggregate bound by polyurethane resin. Those surfaces have a porous structure and...
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Percentage of the population over 65 in selected EU countries in 2006 and 2017
Dane BadawczeUntil the mid-1980s, Poland belonged to the group of countries with a high dynamics of population growth, reaching 0.9% annually. The average value of the population growth dynamics in the 1980s was 0.66%. From the beginning of this century, the growth rate has taken negative values and in the years 2000-2014 it amounted to an annual average of -0.03%.
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SDGs implementation, their synergies, and trade-offs in EU countries – Sensitivity analysis-based approach
PublikacjaSustainable development is one of the most urgent challenges facing humanity. Its basic principle is to improve people’s well-being and maintain it over time. In 2015, the United Nations approved 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) to ensure a better and sustainable future for all, balancing economic, social and environmental development. SDGs create an ‘indivisible whole’; thus, examining their interactions is crucial. Our...
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The number of enterprises in Poland and selected EU countries in 2012
Dane BadawczeIn 2012, Poland was sixth in the ranking of the number of enterprises in selected European Union countries. In total, 22 million companies conduct business in the countries of the Community. However, when analyzing these values in relative numbers (calculated as the number of enterprises per 1000 inhabitants), Poland ranks only 22nd among the Member...
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Fertility rebound and economic growth. New evidence for 18 countries over the period 1970-2011.
PublikacjaLong-run impact of economic growth on fertility trends is ambiguous and sensitive for in-time variations. Noticeably, over last decades, economic growth has led in many countries to significant falls in total fertility rates. However, recently, in high-income economies a kind of ‘fertility rebound’ emerged (Goldstein, 2009; Luci and Thevenon, 2011; Day, 2012), which supports the hypothesis that reversal trends in total fertility...
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Overcoming gender bias in the digital economy. Empirical evidence for European countries
PublikacjaThis study aims to contribute to understanding the gender biases that emerge in the digital technology-related field. More specifically we concentrate on examining whether gender gaps are diminishing or are persistent in terms of women’s enrollment in technology-related programs at the tertiary level of education and for female STEM graduates. Next, this evidence is confronted with gender biases in the labor market regarding changing...
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The atlas of inequality aversion: theory and empirical evidence on 55 countries from the Luxembourg Income Study database
PublikacjaResearch background: In the distributive analysis, the constant relative inequality aversion utility function is a standard tool for ethical judgements of income distributions. The sole parameter ε of this function expresses a society’s aversion to inequality. However, the profession has not committed to the range of ε. When assessing inequality and other welfare characteristics, analysts assume an arbitrary level of ε, common...
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Low-Voltage Low-Power Filters with Independent ω0 and Q Tuning for Electronic Cochlea Applications
PublikacjaAn acoustic second-order low-pass filter is proposed for filter banks emulating the operation of a human cochlea. By using a special filter structure and an innovative quality (Q)-factor tuning technique, an independent change of the cutoff frequency (ω0) and the Q-factor with unchanged gain at low frequencies is achieved in this filter. The techniques applied result in a simple filter design with low Q-factor sensitivity to component...
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Digitalization Process and Its Impact on Economic Growth A Panel Data Study for Developing Countries
PublikacjaThis book analyses the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) on economic development. It contains theoretical and empirical studies, including panel studies on various issues facing developing countries, such as education, corruption, economic growth, government expenditure, financial inclusion, foreign direct investment, infrastructure, economic and social welfare, and inequality. Each chapter offers a well-conceived...
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Economic growth dynamics across countries
PublikacjaRozdział w monografii stanowi analizę statystyczną dynamiki wzrostu gospodarczego w krajach świata, w latach 1989-2010. Dodatkowo autorka analizuje relacje statystyczne zachodzące pomiędzy stopą wzrostu gospodarczego, a wybranymi wskaźnikami rozwoju społecznego.
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Comparison of the Effectiveness of Health Systems in The European Countries-Two-Stage DEA Model
PublikacjaThis article compares the efficiency of health systems in selected European countries using two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA), based on data from the EUROSTAT database. In the first step, DEA efficiency scores were calculated for health care systems and, subsequently, the external variables describing lifestyle were used to calculate the truncated regression. Health care resources (physicians, nurses, hospital beds, financial...
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Journal of Low Power Electronics
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Healthcare in Low-resource Settings
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International Journal of Low Radiation
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JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS
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Tax support mechanisms for research and development projects in EU countries
Dane BadawczeOne of the important areas requiring special support from the state are activities in pro-innovative investments. Tax incentives allocated to research and development are used by practically all European Union countries. Their aim is to persuade entities conducting business activity to invest in the so-called new technologies - defined as the area of...
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Visegrád countries' scientific productivity in the European context: a 10-year perspective using Web of Science and Scopus
PublikacjaMeasuring the growth of research productivity is a core element of performance in the higher education sector. This paper aims to analyse the scientific productivity of the Visegrád Group countries (2010-2019) based on data from the WoS and Scopus databases as well as data from secondary sources (demographic and socio-economic factors). Quantitatively, although Poland has the highest output, this is due to its comparative size,...
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LOW NOISE TIRES FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PublikacjaLow Emission Vehicles that are hybrid and electric cars may benefit from specially designed tires that are optimized for driving conditions typical for such vehicles. It is possible that in the future Low Emission Vehicles, especially passenger cars, will substitute conventional vehicles in all applications, however for the time being they are mostly used in urban and suburban areas. Urban traffic has a rather low demand for grip...
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Average CIT rate in European Union countries in 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014 and 2016 (in%)
Dane BadawczeThe following data presents the average CIT rate in European Union countries between 2008-2016 .