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Search results for: SAFETY BARRIERS
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Numerical methods for the assessment of bridge safety barriers
PublicationThe paper presents a numerical study of the bus crash test for bridge safety barriers. The analysis is conducted with the use of explicit code LS-DYNA. The problem of hourglass effect in shell elements is discussed. The simulations of bus impact against the barrier show that the analyzed barrier withstands the impact forces and restrains the bus trajectory to the bridge road.
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Functionality of road safety devices - identification and analysis of factors
PublicationRoad safety devices are designed to protect road users from the risk of injury or death. The principal type of restraint is the safety barrier. Deployed on sites with the highest risk of run-off-road accidents, safety barriers are mostly found on bridges, flyovers, central reservations, and on road edges which have fixed obstacles next to them. If properly designed and installed, safety barriers just as other road safety devices,...
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Effects of safety barrier life cycle cost factors - identification and analysis
PublicationThe costs borne by road infrastructure authorities for managing and maintaining road devices such as safety barriers may be very high. This has prompted the need for identifying and analysing in detail all factors that influence the costs of safety barriers throughout their service life. To meet that need, the authors used international experience and field data collected under the LifeRoSE project to define the cost structure...
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Safety assurance strategies for autonomous vehicles
PublicationAssuring safety of autonomous vehicles requires that the vehicle control system can perceive the situation in the environment and react to actions of other entities. One approach to vehicle safety assurance is based on the assumption that hazardous sequences of events should be identified during hazard analysis and then some means of hazard avoidance and mitigation, like barriers, should be designed and implemented. Another approach...
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The effect of road restraint systems on the level of road safety - Polish experience
PublicationRoadside accidents happen when a vehicle runs off the road. The majority of these accidents are very severe because leaving the road is usually followed by hitting a solid obstacle (tree, pole, support, culvert front wall, barrier). Roadsides are some of the most important issues of road safety. They have been studied for years to identify roadside hazards and the effectiveness of road safety measures such as restraint systems....
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Metamodel-based optimization of a high-tension cable barrier in crash tests with a large SUV
PublicationRoad safety barriers play an important role in improving road safety. Cable barriers are one of the types of road barriers. Cable barriers have favorable collision-related properties, especially in terms of the safety of the vehicle occupants. Despite the continuous development of road barrier systems, the current European standard EN1317, which is used to evaluate the performance of road barriers, does not take into account all...
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The influence of position of the post or its absence on the performance of the cable barrier system
PublicationRoad safety barriers are used to increase safety in potentially dangerous places on the roads. They are designed and installed on the roads to prevent any vehicle from getting outside the travelled way or from entering the opposite lane of the road. Barriers, which are used on European roads, have to undergo full scale crash tests according to the EN 1317 standards. Nowadays as a supplement to real crash tests, numerical simulations...
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Numerical Analysis of TB32 Crash Tests for 4-cable Guardrail Barrier System Installed on the Horizontal Convex Curves of Road
PublicationHorizontal curves are one of the elements of road infrastructure where statistically a relatively high number of accidents have been reported. In the last ten years in Poland approx. 10% of all road accidents happened on horizontal curves of roads and was responsible for approx. 14% of all fatalities on Polish roads. Thus, this issue is important and requires extensive research and proper road safety treatments. One possible measure...
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Numerical crash analysis of the cable barrier
PublicationSafety barriers are used to increase road safety. Their basic task is to prevent the errant vehicle from getting off the road in places which are potentially dangerous for vehicle passengers. Barriers, which are used on European roads, must fulfill the requirements of EN 1317 standards by passing appropriate crash tests. Because of their high cost, numerical simulations are increasingly used to evaluate the properties of safety...
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Assessing vehicle restraint systems on horizontal curves
PublicationHorizontal curves, an element of road infrastructure, have a statistically high number of accidents. Considering that horizontal curves in the last ten years have had app. 10% of all road accidents representing app. 14% of all fatalities on Polish roads, the issue is serious and requires more research and proper road safety treatments. Data for 2007 - 2016 show that in the case of accidents on horizontal curves app. 45% of the...
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Analysis of passenger car crash with a cable barrier installed with anti-glare screens on a horizontal convex road curve with 400 m radius
PublicationHigh-tension cable barriers have been used on roads for a relatively short period compared with other types of road barriers. Hence, there remains a need for further research on various crash scenarios. An important issue is the performance of a cable barrier on a road curve, particularly when a vehicle impacts the convex side of the barrier. To address this issue, the analysis in this study considers a system of anti-glare screens...
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Zabezpieczenia antykorozyjne stalowych barierek ochronnych na obiektach mostowych w ujęciu kosztów cyklu ich życia
PublicationThe article presents the Life Cycle Costs analysis of steel safety barriers operated in road lane conditions, located on a selected bridge structure. Three corrosion protection systems were proposed, analyzing them in terms of the cost of initial and planned outlays related to maintenance. Based on the LCC analysis for three options, taking into account the 25-year lifetime of the barriers, the optimal solutionwas indicated, i.e....
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Proposed method for estimating the costs of safety barrier life cycle
PublicationToday barrier types are frequently selected for their price with little regard for the total costs the structure will incur over its lifetime. One of the basic tools designed to manage road infrastructure is the life cycle cost method (LCC, Life cycle cost). It sums up the costs to plan, design, build, operate (use and maintain) and decommission a road structure. Having developed dynamically at the turn of the century the method...
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On analysis of double-impact test of 1500-kg vehicle into w-beam guardrail system
PublicationEvery day on roads many scenarios of accidents may occur. One of the measures to minimize their consequences is road safety barriers. Finite Element analyses are being increasingly used to support the physical testing of these devices. The paper addresses the issue of a secondary impact into the previously damaged w-beam guardrail system. This situation belongs to one of the most dangerous which can happen on roads and may cause...
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Numerical analysis of lumbar spine injury during road safety barrier collision
PublicationPurpose: Enhancing road safety is a critical goal worldwide, necessitating the development of clear standards for road safety systems. This study focuses on lumbar spine (L-spine) compression injuries during collisions with concrete road safety barriers (RSBs). It aims to analyze internal forces during impact to understand L-spine injury biomechanics in such accidents. Methods: The research included a literature review, analyzing...
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Studying road restraint systems to develop new guidelines
PublicationThe paper will present a proposed approach to such work along with preliminary results of numerical studies for selected problems using road safety devices such as safety barriers on horizontal curves, the effect of kerbs on bridges or the location of obstacles within the barrier’s working width. The paper will discuss assumptions to a methodology of numerical models, calculations and automated processing of data to help with assessing...
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LS-DYNA simulations of the impacts of a 38-ton Heavy Goods Vehicle into a road cable barrier
PublicationNowadays, more and more attention is being paid to safety on roads and motorways. It is due to the continuous development of road and motorway network and a significant increase of the number of vehicles on roads. To meet the expectations of improving road safety in Poland, the Road Innovations Development (RID) research programme was implemented in 2016. The aim of the RID 3A - Road Safety Equipment (RoSE) project is a comprehensive...
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The role of numerical tests in assessing road restraint system functionality
PublicationKey to understanding the needs and building road infrastructure management tools to prevent and mitigate run-off-road accidents is to identify hazards and their sources which are a result of wrong design, construction, and installation of road restraint systems. Building such tools requires advanced studies with field tests, simulations and models to demonstrate the effects of selected parameters on road user safety. The research...
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On the validation of the LS-DYNA Geo Metro numerical model
PublicationThe paper presents experiences gained during work with numerical model of Geo Metro vehicle used for simulations of crash tests with road safety barriers. Attention is drawn to the subject of tire/wheel breakage during collision events. Some methods for improvement of the model are presented in the paper. Several results for the normative vehicle numerical tests are introduced. Simulations were carried out using LS-DYNA finite...
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Experimental and numerical analysis of the modified TB32 crash tests of the cable barrier system
PublicationRoad restraint systems, including safety barriers, are one of the means used to improve road safety. Currently, they can be allowed to general use after passing the specific crash tests. However, it is always important and desirable to evaluate their performance under various realistic conditions, which can happen on the roads. In this study, the behaviour of the cable barrier system in impact conditions different than assumed...
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Symulacje numeryczne jako wsparcie badania właściwości barier ochronnych
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia możliwości wykorzystania symulacji numerycznych do badań efektywności urządzeń bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w aspekcie sposobów ich konfgurowania. Obecnie w celu dopuszczenia do stosowania bariery ochronne muszą przejść specjalistyczne testy zderzeniowe. Ze względu na wysoki koszt tych badań coraz częściej producenci barier oraz inne podmioty odpowiadające za urządzenia bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego (brd)...
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Wpływ barier ochronnych na poziom bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego
PublicationWypadki drogowe wciąż stanowią znaczną przyczynę zgonów, dlatego bardzo ważnym jest odpowiednie kształtowanie otoczenia drogi – by mogło ono uzyskać miano „wybaczającego”. Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do tematyki drogowych barier ochronnych, i jest częścią pracy dyplomowej realizowanej na Politechnice Gdańskiej, w ramach której autorzy analizują zależności pomiędzy wypadkami a omawianymi urządzeniami BRD. W artykule przedstawiono...
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Innovative Research Into Road Restraint Systems
PublicationKey to understanding the needs and building road infrastructure management tools to prevent and mitigate run-off-road accidents is to identify hazards and their sources which are a result of wrong design, construction, installation and maintenance of road restraint systems [1]. Building such tools requires advanced studies with field tests, simulations and models to demonstrate the effects of selected parameters on road user safety...
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Why are trees still such a major hazard to drivers in Poland?
PublicationRoadside trees are one of Poland's most serious road safety issues. Since 2009 more than 2800 people have been killed as a result of tree collisions; this represents about 15% of all of Poland's accident fatalities between 2009 and 2013. In some of the country's regions striking a tree caused more than 30% of all road accident fatalities. With no proper regulations, guidelines or examples of good practice, roadside environments...
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Influence of a Lighting Column in the Working Width of a W-Beam Barrier on TB51 Crash Test
PublicationRoad equipment, such as, e.g., road safety barriers and lighting columns, are subject to certification according to the EN1317 standard to be allowed for use on European roads. In engineering practice, due to the terrain conditions, there are cases where other road equipment is installed within the working width of road safety barriers. Such situations are not considered during the certification process. Hence, the aim of this...
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THE COST ANALYSIS OF CORROSION PROTECTION SOLUTIONS FOR STEEL COMPONENTS IN TERMS OF THE OBJECT LIFE CYCLE COST
PublicationSteel materials, due to their numerous advantages - high availability, easiness of processing and possibility of almost any shaping are commonly applied in construction for carrying out basic carrier systems and auxiliary structures. However, the major disadvantage of this material is its high corrosion susceptibility, which depends strictly on the local conditions of the facility and the applied type of corrosion protection system....
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Assessing Roadside Hybrid Energy Absorbers Using the Example of SafeEnd
PublicationA combination of crash cushion and end-terminal, hybrid energy absorbing devices have been in use worldwide for a few years already. They include SafeEnd, a system Poland has recently introduced. Some road authorities have raised concerns as regards the operating conditions of the devices and how they work together with safety barriers. The objective of this research is to clarify the concerns and answer the following questions:...
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On the influence of shell element properties on the response of car model in crash test
PublicationIt goes without saying that numerical simulations play important role in the modern engineering practice. Contemporary CAD environments combined with FEM solvers, along with computer power of modern processors, give the engineer fast and efficient tool. Ultimately, however it is the user alone who is responsible for the correctness of the results. As long as the FEM calculations remain in the sphere of academic exercise, the inevitable...
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Mechanism of Li nucleation at graphite anodes and mitigation strategies
PublicationLithium metal plating is a critical safety issue in Li-ion cells with graphite anodes, and contributes significantly to ageing, drastically limiting the lifetime and inducing capacity loss. Nonetheless, the nucleation mechanism of metallic Li on graphite anodes is still poorly understood. But in-depth understanding is needed to rationally design mitigation measures. In this work, we conducted FirstPrinciples studies to elucidate...
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Społeczne uwarunkowania dostępności przestrzeni publicznej
PublicationDziałania projektowe urbanistów i architektów powinny iść w kierunku tworzenia pełnej dostępności przestrzeni publicznej, która spełni oczekiwania wszystkich mieszkańców, bez względu na wiek, stan zdrowia czy ogranicznia mobliności lub percepcji. Powszechna dostępność przestrzeni warunkuje prawidłowy rozwój jednostki i całych wspólnot oraz sprzyja tworzeniu zintegrowanego społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa...
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Biomechanics of Lumbar Spine Injury in Road Barrier Collision–Finite Element Study
PublicationLiterature and field data from CIREN database have shown that lumbar spine injuries occur during car crashes. There are multiple hypotheses regarding how they occur; however, there is no biomechanical explanation for these injuries during collisions with road safety barriers (RSBs). Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the mechanics of vertebral fractures during car collisions with concrete RSBs. The finite...
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The KLC Cultures, Tacit Knowledge, and Trust Contribution to Organizational Intelligence Activation
PublicationIn this paper, the authors address a new approach to three organizational, functional cultures: knowledge culture, learning culture, and collaboration culture, named together the KLC cultures. Authors claim that the KLC approach in knowledge-driven organizations must be designed and nourished to leverage knowledge and intellectual capital. It is suggested that they are necessary for simultaneous implementation because no one of...
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NetBaltic System-Heterogenous Wireless Network for Maritime Communications
PublicationIn case of maritime communications, we observe a growing interest in deployment of multitask satellite-based solutions and development of new maritime-specific systems intended for improvements in safety of e-navigation. Analysis of different types of currently used maritime communication systems leads, however, to a conclusion that neither global and still very expensive satellite systems nor cheaper, but short-ranged transmission...
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The Russian Federation in European Union Programmes
PublicationSince the early 1990s, the European Union has been supporting socio-economic transformations in the former Soviet Union states, including the Russian Federation. Initially, this assistance was provided in the framework of the TACIS Programme, offering long-term, non-repayable aid. In 1991–2006 Russia received EUR 2.7bn for the restructuring of the state enterprise sector, establishment of private companies, state administration...
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Barriers of cross-cultural interactions according to the research findings
PublicationThe aims of this article are to label major cultural barriers and to present results of empirical findings referring to barriers to intercultural interactions in foreign subsidiaries of transnational corporations (TNCs). The qualitative research was conducted in TNCs'foreign subsidiaries operating in Poland in winter 2009/2010. The article describes how respondents perceive the problems in cooperation with foreigners, their sources,...
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Bariery natury systemowej, organizacyjnej i społecznej w tworzeniu i rozwoju akademickich spółek
PublicationIn the literature on the subject, many studies can be found on the barriers they face in creating and developing their entrepreneurial activity in Poland. Among them, mainly those that concern all entrepreneurs, and thus also spin-off companies, are described. However, these companies are burdened with specific barriers that are significant only to them. The study drew particular attention to them, but also referred to the others,...
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Barriers of Cross-cultural Interactions According to the Research Findings
PublicationThe aim of this article is to label major cultural barriers and to present results of empiricalfindings referring to barriers to intercultural interactions in foreign subsidiaries oftransnational corporations (TNCs). The qualitative research was conducted in TNCs'foreign subsidiaries operating in Poland in the winter of 2009/2010. The articledescribes how the respondents perceived the problems in cooperation with foreigners,defines...
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Education programmes as an element of limiting space and social barriers.CTA Home : Accessible Transportation : TRANSED 2007 [online]. [dostęp 2007.12.31]. Dostępny w World Wide Web: http: //www.tc.gca.ca - TRANSED 2007 COMOTRED
PublicationThe article presents education programme " Creating common space" introduced by Gdansk University of Technology - Architecture Department ( Poland) and local authorities. It also contains workshops " Cities without barriers" carried out in Pomeranian cities, where students are taught an additional subject " Designing common space". Liquidation of space barriers is necessary to help the disabled live their lives, develop and become...
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Uncovering the invisible barriers to women’s success
PublicationIn the area of science and higher education, as in business and politics, the job situation of women is improving, and the percentage of women on executive positions is increasing. However, there is still a serious underrepresentation of women in the highest decision-making bodies. Ladies also take part in the strategic institutional events less frequently. There are still serious disproportions in academic and management positions,...
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Trouble in Paradise? Barriers to Open Innovation in Regional Clusters in the Era of the 4th Industrial Revolution
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the barriers faced by clusters as open innovation intermediaries. Literature review and an empirical study were performed, involving a nation-wide survey, case studies, and in-depth interviews with cluster actors involved in open innovation activities. This article conceptually links open innovation and clusters in the context of the fourth industrial revolution, empirically...
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Numerical studies on the influence of selected construction features and road conditions on the performance of road cable barriers
PublicationCable barriers are commonly used on Polish roads, including motorways and local roads. Their main elements are pre-stressed wire ropes, which are usually anchored at two ends in concrete blocks buried in the soil. In this work numerical studies concerning the influence of selected construction features and parameters of the vehicle motion on the performance of cable barriers were performed. Numerical simulations are a useful tool...
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Introduction to smart solutions for wastewater: Road-mapping the transition to circular economy
PublicationToday there is an urgent need to move from a linear to a circular economy approach with special focus to water and environment. Despite the paramount importance, this transition is hampered by barriers which concern not only technological but embrace also organizational, regulatory, social, and economic aspects. In order to overcome such barriers, innovative water-smart solutions are needed and a robust roadmap for the transition...
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Trust triggers and barriers in intercultural teams
PublicationIntercultural teams are more and more popular nowadays — they constitute a serious challenge in terms of effective cooperation and trust building, however. The article presents the potential problems that can affect intercultural cooperation and stresses the power of trust in cultural diversity conditions. The ten-factor model of intercultural team trust is presented. The main aim was to answer the questions: what are the differences...
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Socio-economic exclusion as a hindrance of economic development. A comparative study for European countries
PublicationThe paper consists of multidimentional analysis of social and economic exclusions which are treated as main barriers for economic development. This complex study covers all European countries. The timespan is set for 2004-2011
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„Space, architecture and infrastructure “in-between cities”.
PublicationThe article presents contemporary city problems, like division of the city, infrastructural barriers, empty spaces, chaotic development, cuting-off areas, threatening the city image and functioning. These problems can be best observed in the areas in-between cities. One of the main questions for urban planners and architects seems thus to be: how to connect the city spaces instead of creating the barriers, how to create the areas...
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Rush to become "globally relevant"- culture based development as a significant factor towards sustainable urbanization (Gdansk Case)
PublicationThe paper shows possibilities and barriers as well as attempts to implement culture based development in Gdansk. It can play a significant role in preventing uncontrolled suburban residential development and further spatial polarization of the city.
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To i-vote or not to i-vote: Drivers and barriers to the implementation of internet voting
PublicationThis paper investigates the drivers and barriers of internet voting and the implications of a global pandemic for the development of the respective technology. In contrast to the expected uptake in the early 2000s of internet voting, the technology is still rather seldomly used in election systems around the world. The paper at hand explores the different forces that drive or impede internet voting adoption from a political, social,...
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How does institutional and natural social support shape the beliefs about psychological help among policemen?
PublicationEffectiveness of social support mechanisms results from interacting subjective factors (beliefs about help from others) and context (social network available). Organized institutional support and perception of natural support reduce barriers in obtaining psychological help.
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The Mechanism of a Retro-Diels–Alder Fragmentation of Luteolin: Theoretical Studies Supported by Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry Results
PublicationThe mechanisms of retro-Diels–Alder fragmentation of luteolin are studied theoretically using the Density Functional Theory method (B3LYP hybrid functional) together with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set and supported by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) results. The reaction paths leading to the formation of 1,3A and 1,3B fragment ions observed as the main spectral features in the ESI-MS spectrum are described...
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Beliefs about psychological help among firemen
PublicationThe aim of this study was to identify beliefs and perceived barriers in psychological help. Findings: 1. Occupational stress and participation in traumatic rescue actions was related with negative beliefs. 2. Firemen were afraid of a commader's reaction. 3. Avoidance coping accounts for fear about stigmatization.