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Search results for: TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT CAMERA
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Radio system for monitoring and acquisition of data from traffic enforcement cameras - features and assumptions of the system
PublicationThe study presents the architecture and selected functional assumptions of Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (RSMAD). Ultimately, the system will be used for transmission and archiving image data of traffic offenses, but can also perform other duties related to traffic safety. Implementation of the RSMAD system will facilitate, inter alia, issuing the fine process and supervision...
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Architecture of security and application layer structure of radio system for monitoring and acquisition of data from traffic enforcement cameras
PublicationThe study presents architecture of security and application layer structure of Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras. It also provides general assumptions concerning the range of the system as well as its modules and application components.
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Secure access control and information protection mechanisms in radio system for monitoring and acquisition of data from traffic enforcement cameras
PublicationThe study presents the architecture of the Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (in short: RSMAD), particularly concerning access control and protection of confidential data. RSMAD security structure will be discussed in relation to network security issues. Additionally, the paper presents the results of the work associated with the modelling of potential threats to system security.
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Architecture and Basic Assumptions of RSMAD
PublicationThe study presents the architecture of Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (in short RSMAD) which is used for transmission (realized using GSM, UMTS or TETRA networks, and through the Internet network), archiving and exploring image data of traffic offenses. The paper also presents selected basic assumptions of the RSMAD system, which are relevant to the implemented by the system...
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Research on Quality Requirements of Data Transmission Services in RSMAD
PublicationThe paper presents a results and analysis of research of the quality of service requirements (defined by the QoS attributes) for imaging data transmission services using Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (in short RSMAD). The paper also presents and discusses results of test on the impact of the size of photos from traffic enforcement cameras on the average transmission time. These...
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Style Transfer for Detecting Vehicles with Thermal Camera
PublicationIn this work we focus on nighttime vehicle detection for intelligent traffic monitoring from the thermal camera. To train a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) detector we create a stylized version of COCO (Common Objects in Context) dataset using Style Transfer technique that imitates images obtained from thermal cameras. This new dataset is further used for fine-tuning of the model and as a result detection accuracy on images...
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Study of QoS Parameters Measurement Methodology and Requirements in RSMAD
PublicationThe paper presents the results of analysis and research of the quality of service requirements (defined by the QoS parameters) for data transmission services in Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (in short: RSMAD). The paper also presents and discusses the results of test of impact of the size of images from traffic enforcement cameras (TECs) on the average transmission time. Moreover,...
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Analysis of the Suitability of Selected Data Tranmission Systems in RSMAD
PublicationThis paper analyses the suitability of the selected radio communication systems currently used for data transmission, or usable in the future, in Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (in short RSMAD). The paper also presents the advantages and disadvantages of each systems, paying particular attention to features that directly affect the suitability of the solution in the RSMAD system....
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Software modules and application layer's security structure of RSMAD
PublicationThe paper discusses the software modules of Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (in short RSMAD). The structure of the application layer of the system has also been analysed in details, including: purpose, structure and principles of operation of software modules constituting this system. In addition, the paper presents and discusses the structure of security of application layer...
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Vehicle detector training with labels derived from background subtraction algorithms in video surveillance
PublicationVehicle detection in video from a miniature station- ary closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera is discussed in the paper. The camera provides one of components of the intelligent road sign developed in the project concerning the traffic control with the use of autonomous devices being developed. Modern Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based detectors need big data input, usually demanding their manual labeling. In the presented...
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Detection of vehicles stopping in restricted zones in video from surveillance cameras
PublicationAn algorithm for detection of vehicles that stop in restricted areas, e.g. excluded by traffic rules, is proposed. Classic approaches based on object tracking are inefficient in high traffic scenes because of tracking errors caused by frequent object merging and splitting. The proposed algorithm uses the background subtraction results for detection of moving objects, then pixels belonging to moving objects are tested for stability....
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The Impact of Weather on Traffic Speed in Urban Area
PublicationThe issue of the impact of weather conditions on trip speed of vehicles has been studied for a long time and it is still the subject of many scientific researches. The impact of atmospheric conditions on the speed with which drivers drive their vehicles seems to be obvious. Good weather conditions, sunny weather with good visibility surely provokes higher speed while rainfall, wind...
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Vehicle classification based on soft computing algorithms
PublicationExperiments and results regarding vehicle type classification are presented. Three classes of vehicles are recognized: sedans, vans and trucks. The system uses a non-calibrated traffic camera, therefore no direct vehicle dimensions are used. Various vehicle descriptors are tested, including those based on vehicle mask only and those based on vehicle images. The latter ones employ Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF) and gradient images...
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Systemy bezprzewodowej łączności i transmisji danych dla potrzeb bezpieczeństwa publicznego (studium stanu i rozwiązań)
PublicationW niniejszym rozdziale przedstawiono charakterystyki rozwiązań użytkowych zrealizowanych w Katedrze Systemów i Sieci Radiokomunikacyjnych Politechniki Gdańskiej. Autorzy scharakteryzowali opracowane przez zespół badawczy Katedry, systemy bezprzewodowego monitoringu zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa oraz zarządzania i sterowania infrastrukturami krytycznymi. W tym też kontekście omówiono następujące systemy i aplikacje użytkowe: − globalny...
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Vehicle Detection with Self-Training for Adaptative Video Processing Embedded Platform
PublicationTraffic monitoring from closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras on embedded systems is the subject of the performed experiments. Solving this problem encounters difficulties related to the hardware limitations, and possible camera placement in various positions which affects the system performance. To satisfy the hardware requirements, vehicle detection is performed using a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), named...
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an intelligent image processing sensor - the algorithm and the hardware implementation
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono algorytm przeznaczony do rozpoznawania obiektów ruchomych w obrazie do celu analizy ruchu pojazdów. Algorytm został zrealizowany w układzie FPGA.Ang.: This paper describes the idea and theimplementation of the robust algorithm dedicated toextraction of moving vehicles from real-time cameraimages for the evaluation of traffic parameters, suchas the number of vehicles, their direction of movementand their...
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CNN-CLFFA: Support Mobile Edge Computing in Transportation Cyber Physical System
PublicationIn the present scenario, the transportation Cyber Physical System (CPS) improves the reliability and efficiency of the transportation systems by enhancing the interactions between the physical and cyber systems. With the provision of better storage ability and enhanced computing, cloud computing extends transportation CPS in Mobile Edge Computing (MEC). By inspecting the existing literatures, the cloud computing cannot fulfill...
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Automation of the Road Gate Operations Process at the Container Terminal—A Case Study of DCT Gdańsk SA
PublicationThe future increased terminal capacity will result in more container movement through the road complex and rail siding, which are one of the most critical areas (potential bottlenecks) in the container terminal. Truck turnaround time is one of the major factors that customers take into account while deciding how many container volumes they will handle through the container terminal. To enable to optimize increased traffic with...
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Automated Parking Management for Urban Efficiency: A Comprehensive Approach
PublicationEffective parking management is essential for ad-dressing the challenges of traffic congestion, city logistics, and air pollution in densely populated urban areas. This paper presents an algorithm designed to optimize parking management within city environments. The proposed system leverages deep learning models to accurately detect and classify street elements and events. Various algorithms, including automatic segmentation of...
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Effect of Overloaded Vehicles on Whole Life Cycle Cost of Flexible Pavements
PublicationThe phenomenon of vehicle overloading—illegal exceeding of maximum legal weight of vehicles, is a serious problem both in developing and developed countries around the world. Overloaded vehicles occur less frequently in comparison to properly loaded vehicles but due to their greater potential to cause damage they significantly contribute to distress of pavement structure. As studies show, the number of overloaded vehicles increases...
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Stereo Camera Upgraded to Equal Baseline Multiple Camera Set (EBMCS)
PublicationThe paper presents the results of using a set of five cameras called Equal Baseline Multiple Camera Set (EBMCS) for making 3D images, disparity maps and depth maps. Cameras in the set are located in the vicinity of each other and therefore the set can be used for the purpose of stereoscopy similarly as a stereo camera.EBMCS provides disparity maps and depth maps which have a better quality than these maps obtained with the use...
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Camera sabotage detection for surveillance systems
PublicationCamera dysfunction detection algorithms and their utilization in realtime video surveillance systems are described. The purpose of using the proposed analysis is explained. Regarding image tampering three algorithms for focus loss, scene obstruction and camera displacement detection are implemented and presented. Features of each module are described and certain scenarios for best performance are depicted. Implemented solutions...
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Traffic Type Influence on QoS Network Performance of Streaming Traffic Class
PublicationFeasibility study on QoS routing proved that the traffic type influence the network performance. The performance is defined here as a number of packets serviced by the network. In the paper additional element - buffers lengths used in service system was verified in terms of dependencies with routing performance. We present results obtained by simulation for many simulation scenarios. Analysis was done for two different network...
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Comparison of Traffic Flow Models with Real Traffic Data Based on a Quantitative Assessment
PublicationThe fundamental relationship of traffic flow and bivariate relations between speed and flow, speed and density, and flow and density are of great importance in transportation engineering. Fundamental relationship models may be applied to assess and forecast traffic conditions at uninterrupted traffic flow facilities. The objective of the article was to analyze and compare existing models of the fundamental relationship. To that...
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Equal Baseline Camera Array—Calibration, Testbed and Applications
PublicationThis paper presents research on 3D scanning by taking advantage of a camera array consisting of up to five adjacent cameras. Such an array makes it possible to make a disparity map with a higher precision than a stereo camera, however it preserves the advantages of a stereo camera such as a possibility to operate in wide range of distances and in highly illuminated areas. In an outdoor environment, the array is a competitive alternative...
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Analysing the impact of traffic incidents on express road traffic flow using FREEVAL
PublicationTraffic incidents occurring on motorways or express roads cause disruptions and deteriorate traffic conditions. The impact will differ depending on the type of incident, its duration and space blocked on the roadway and can be measured with e.g. average speed reduction, extension of travel time, time lost or overall costs of traffic disruptions. The aim of the paper is to analyse this impact, based on data from the Tri-City Ring...
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Camera Orientation-Independent Parking Events Detection
PublicationThe paper describes the method for detecting precise position and time of vehicles parking in a parking lot. This task is trivial in case of favorable camera orientation but gets much more complex when an angle between the camera viewing axis and the ground is small. The method utilizes background subtraction and object tracking algorithms for detecting moving objects in a video stream. Objects are classified into vehicles and...
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Hardware-Software Implementation of a Sensor Network for CityTraffic Monitoring Using the FPGA- and ASIC-Based Sensor Nodes
PublicationArtykuł opisuje prototypową sieć sensorową do monitorowania ruchu pojazdów w mieście. Węzły sieci sensorowej, wyposażone w kamerę o niskiej rozdzielczości, obserwują ulice i wykrywają poruszające się obiekty. Detekcja obiektów jest realizowana w oparciu o własny algorytm segmentacji obrazów, wykorzystujący podwójne odejmowanie tła, wykrywanie krawędzi i cieni, działający na dedykowanym systemie mikroelektronicznym typu ''System...
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Automatic detection of abandoned luggage employing a dual camera system
PublicationA system for automatic detection of events using a system of fixed and PTZ (pan-tilt-zoom) cameras is described. Images from the fixed camera are analyzed by means of object detection and tracking. Event detection system uses a set of rules to analyze data on the tracked moving objects and to detect defined events. A PTZ camera is used to obtain a detailed view of a selected object. A procedure for conversion between the pixel...
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Surveillance camera tracking of GEO positioned objects
PublicationRozdział opisuje system sterowania kamerami ruchomymi PTZ realizujący śledzenie poruszającego się obiektu o znanej pozycji GPS. Przedstawione są idea systemu oraz możliwości jego wykorzystania. Opisane są: procedura kalibracji pola widzenia kamery i sposób powiązania z danymi o lokalizacji, procedura predykcji ruchu w celu kompensacji opóźnień czasowych. Omówiony jest zaimplementowany system modułowy, w którego skład wchodzą: terminale...
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The Usage of the BP-Layers Stereo Matching Algorithm with the EBCA Camera Set
PublicationThis paper is concerned with applying a stereo matching algorithm called BP-Layers to a set of many cameras. BP Layers is designed for obtaining disparity maps from stereo cameras. The algorithm takes advantage of convolutional natural networks. This paper presents using this algorithm with a set called Equal Baseline Camera Array. This set consists of up to five cameras with one central camera and other ones aground it. Such a...
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Spatial Calibration of a Dual PTZ-Fixed Camera System for Tracking Moving Objects in Video
PublicationA dual camera setup is proposed, consisting of a fixed (stationary) camera and a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera, employed in an automatic video surveillance system. The PTZ camera is zoomed in on a selected point in the fixed camera view and it may automatically track a moving object. For this purpose, two camera spatial calibration procedures are proposed. The PTZ camera is calibrated in relation to the fixed camera image, using interpolated...
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Testing of Technical Fabrics under Fast Camera Control
PublicationThe dynamic development of measurement and recording techniques has been changing the way one conceives material strength. In this study, two different methods of evaluating the strength of fabrics are compared. The first is the typical and commonly used technique based on the use of a testing machine. The second method uses the so-called “fast camera” to monitor the entire process of the destruction of a fabric sample and analyse...
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Pedestrian Safety in Road Traffic in Poland
PublicationEvery third road accident in Poland involves a pedestrian as a participant or, most of the time, a casualty. Pedestrian accidents are usually the result of complex situations and the outcome of a number of factors related to driver and pedestrian behaviour and road infrastructure. Safety depends largely on how well the traffic condition is perceived and on visibility in traffic. The paper presents the results of analyses of methodologies...
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Impact of adverse winter weather on traffic flow
PublicationThe paper aims to analyse the impact of adverse weather in winter on traffic flow using data from a dual carriageway section of an express road located in Gdansk. For the purposes of the analysis, traffic and meteorological data were collected for a period of 15 months in 2014-2015 and aggregated to 5 minutes intervals. The impact of winter weather conditions on traffic flow was assessed by comparing aggregated traffic stream parameters...
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Estimation of DC motor parameters using a simple CMOS camera
PublicationDifferent components of control systems for mobile robots are based on dynamic models. In low-cost solutions such a robot is wheeled and equipped with DC motors, which have to be included in the model of the robot. The model is fairly simple but determination of its parameters needs not to be easy. For instance, DC motor parameters are typically identified indirectly using suitable measurements, concerning engine voltage, current,...
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Application of autoencoder to traffic noise analysis
PublicationThe aim of an autoencoder neural network is to transform the input data into a lower-dimensional code and then to reconstruct the output from this code representation. Applications of autoencoders to classifying sound events in the road traffic have not been found in the literature. The presented research aims to determine whether such an unsupervised learning method may be used for deploying classification algorithms applied to...
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Traffic Modeling in IMS-based NGN Networks
PublicationIn the modern world the need for accurate and quickly delivered information is becoming more and more essential. In order to fulfill these requirements, next generation telecommunication networks should be fast introduced and correctly dimensioned. For this reason proper traffic models must be identified, which is the subject of this paper. In the paper standardization of IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) concept and IMS-based NGN...
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Traffic Type Influence on Performance of OSPF QoS Routing
PublicationFeasibility studies with QoS routing proved that the network traffic type has influence on routing performance. In this work influence of self-similar traffic for network with DiffServ architecture and OSPF QoS routing has been verified. Analysis has been done for three traffic classes. Multiplexed On-Off model was used for self-similar traffic generation. Comparison of simulation results was presented using both relative and non-relative...
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Objects classification based on their physical sizes for detection of events in camera images
PublicationIn the paper, a method of estimation of the physical sizes of the objects tracked in the video surveillance system, and a simple module for object classification based on the estimated physical sizes, are presented. The results of object classification are then used for automatic detection of various types of events in the camera image.
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Traffic-induced vibrations. The impact on buildings and people
PublicationTraffic-induced vibrations have recently been of major concern to engineers as one of the aspects of so called physical environmental pollution. The interest is related to the observations of serious negative effects of such kind of vibrations on buildings and their inhabitants. Traffic-induced vibrations may cause plaster cracks, structural damage and even failure and collapse of the structure. They may also be the reason of serious...
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Evaluation of respiration rate and pattern using a portable thermal camera
PublicationThe goal of this paper was to analyze the accuracy of the proposed method for the evaluation of respiration rate and respiration rhythm patterns (e.g. inspiration slope) using the portable and mobile thermal camera module that could be a part of smart glasses. Parameters were analyzed for 12 volunteers in two experiments, when subjects speak and do not speak. The pressure, chest belt was used as a reference measurement method....
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Traffic Type Influence on Performance of OSPF QoS Routing
PublicationFeasibility studies with QoS routing proved that the network traffic type has influence on routing performance. In this work influence of self-similar traffic for network with DiffServ architecture and OSPF QoS routing has been verified. Analysis has been done for three traffic classes. Multiplexed ON-OFF model was used for self-similar traffic generation. Comparison of simulation results were presented using both relative and...
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The Influence of Camera and Optical System Parameters on the Uncertainty of Object Location Measurement in Vision Systems
PublicationThe article presents the influence of the camera and its optical system on the uncertainty of object position measurement in vision systems. The aim of the article is to present the methodology for estimating the combined standard uncertainty of measuring the object position with a vision camera treated as a measuring device. The identification of factors affecting the location measurement uncertainty and the determination of their...
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3D Vision System for a Robotic Arm Based on Equal Baseline Camera Array
PublicationThis paper presents a lightweight 3D vision system called Equal Baseline Camera Array (EBCA). EBCA can work in different light conditions and it can be applied for measuring large range of distances. The system is a useful alternative to other known distance measuring devices such as structured-light 3D scanners, time-of-flight cameras, Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) devices and structure from motion techniques. EBCA can be...
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An application of acoustic sensors for the monitoring of road traffic
PublicationAssessment of road traffic parameters for the developed intelligent speed limit setting decision system constitutes the subject addressed in the paper. Current traffic conditions providing vital data source for the calculation of the locally fitted speed limits are assessed employing an economical embedded platform placed at the roadside. The use of the developed platform employing a low-powered processing unit with a set of microphones,...
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The application of microscopic models in the study of pedestrian traffic
PublicationCities (especially in Central and Eastern Europe) focus on improving the road network, which aims to improve the efficiency of motor traffic and minimize congestion. Most of existing tools for analysing the effectiveness of urban transport networks do not assume to analyse the impact of walking and cycling on efficiency of transport systems. It is therefore necessary to develop solutions...
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Face Profile View Retrieval Using Time of Flight Camera Image Analysis
PublicationMethod for profile view retrieving of the human face is presented. The depth data from the 3D camera is taken as an input. The preprocessing is, besides of standard filtration, extended by the process of filling of the holes which are present in depth data. The keypoints, defined as the nose tip and the chin are detected in user’s face and tracked. The Kalman filtering is applied to smooth the coordinates of those points which...
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Multi-Camera Vehicle Tracking Using Local Image Features and Neural Networks
PublicationA method for tracking moving objects crossing fields of view of multiple cameras is presented. The algorithm utilizes Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Each ANN is trained to recognize images of one moving object acquired by a single camera. Local image features calculated in the vicinity of automatically detected interest points are used as object image parameters. Next, ANNs are employed to identify the same objects captured...
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Modelling the loss of time caused by traffic incidents on motorways
PublicationFor each road incident important factors like location, capacity reduction, traffic management, duration of road incidents and amount of traffic should be defined. All performer operations and effects of incidents affect the capacity of the road, average speed, time loss, vehicle queues and traffic jams. In the article road incidents were divided into planned and unexpected. Statistical analysis prepared using the database of traffic...