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Search results for: TEMPERATURE OF THE BALTIC WATERS
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Methodology of the Morphometry Study on Baltic Herring
PublicationAcoustic techniques are used in the estimation of the abundance of Baltic herring. Investigations of the relationship between the Baltic herring individual target strength TS and the total fish length L, significant in the acoustic assessment, demonstrated its de-pendence on the study area location. It motivated the detailed analysis of the relationship between herring from the southern Baltic ICES Subdivisions 24, 25, and 26,...
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Backscattering properties of southern Baltic herring
PublicationReliable TS(L) relationship is required to improve acoustic algorithms of abundanceestimation of Baltic herring. The relationships, empirically obtained in different parts of theBaltic Sea, produce up to 8 dB – difference in the herring TS. In order to develop an accurateTS(L) relationship, it is important to analyze factors controlling the TS variability. Thepossible impact of the regional difference...
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Modelling of acoustic backscattering by southern Baltic herring
PublicationAssessment of Baltic herring abundance can be carried out using acoustic techniques. Analysis of the relationship between the Baltic herring individual target strength, TS, and the total fish length, L, important for the acoustic assessment, showed the relationship to be dependent on the location of the study area. This finding motivated a detailed analysis of the relationship for the herring occurring in the southern Baltic...
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Chemometric Evaluation of WWTPs’ Wastewaters and Receiving Surface Waters in Bulgaria
PublicationWastewater treatment plant (WWTP) installations are designed and operated to reduce the quantity of pollutants emitted to surface waters receiving treated wastewaters. In this work, we used classical instrumental studies (to determine chemicals and parameters under obligations put with Directive 91/271/EEC), ecotoxicological tools (Sinapis alba root growth inhibition (SA-RG) and Heterocypris incongruens mortality (MORT) and growth...
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CONTAINER SHIPPING MARKET IN THE BALTIC SEA REGION
PublicationThe following article presents the situation on the maritime container transport market in the Baltic Sea Region. In the first part the author focuses on describing the specifics of the economic and geopolitical area of the Baltic Sea. The following parts include the market container shipping description along with its individual participants, such as carriers or seaports. Finally, the dynamic development of Polish container ports...
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Reliable underwater communication system for shallow coastal waters
PublicationThis paper presents a reliable and robust low data rate spread spectrum approach which is implemented in the acoustic underwater communication system for shallow coastal waters. It shows operation assumptions of spread spectrum techniques based on the wellknown Shannon equation. It describes two methods of spread spectrum: frequency hopping spread spectrum and direct sequence spread spectrum; their block diagram and their characteristics...
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Recent Advances in Nanocomposite Membranes for Organic Compound Remediation from Potable Waters
PublicationWater treatment is one of the main approaches for producing drinking water from contaminated water sources which is challenging due to the presence of a variety of substances requiring removal. The fabrication of nanocomposite membranes relies either on filling nanomaterials into polymeric phases before membrane fabrication, or coating of nanomaterials on the fabricated membrane surface. The removal of organic compounds from potable...
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Impact of Microphytobenthos Photosynthesis on the Characteristics of the Echo Signal from Baltic Sandy Sediments
PublicationThe understanding the influence of biological processes on the characteristics of the signals backscattered by the sea floor is crucial in the development of the hydroacoustical benthic habitat classification techniques. The impact of the microphytobenthos photosynthesis on the acoustical backscattering properties of the Atlantic sandy sediments was previously demonstrated by Holliday et al. (2004) and Wildman and Huettel (2012). To...
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Synchronization system for underwater acoustic communications using in shallow waters
PublicationA reliable synchronization system of the transmitted data frame has a significant impact on the efficiency of the underwater communication system. This applies in particular to communication systems dedicated to work in shallow waters, where the phenomenon of multipath permanently occurs. To overcome these difficulties, the concept of a synchronization system consisting of two broadband signals of opposite monotonicity was presented....
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The possibility of the application of a potentiometric sensor with all-solid-state electrodes for the quality control of different natural waters
PublicationThe quality of various natural waters was examined by a new potentiometric sensor with six all solid state electrodes containing an appropriate lipophilic compound in a polymer membrane. Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity and acidity of tested waters were also tested. All waters were neutral or slightly alkaline and contained different ions (e.g., Cl–) due to the place of their sampling (a coastal zone and a moraine...
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Cyanobacterial and Algal Strains in the Culture Collection of Baltic Algae (CCBA)
PublicationThe dataset titled Microalgal strains from “Culture Collection of Baltic Algae (CCBA)” is a representation of cyanobacterial and microalgal cultures isolated from the Baltic Sea. It is a unique catalogue of strains of the dominant and rare species found in the Baltic phytoplankton and microphytobenthos assemblages. The main purpose of the collection is to extend the knowledge on the Baltic microbial communities by providing...
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Age management in the Baltic Sea Region
PublicationThis chapter takes a broader view on the issues connected with age management. In its first part, some demographic processes in the European Union countries are described. Those processes contribute to the ageing of the society and an increasing need for age management at various levels. Furthermore, situation in selected Baltic Sea Region countries is presented. In the next section, age management from organizational perspective...
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Combination of instrumental and qualitative descriptive analysis for evaluation of selected tonic waters quality features
PublicationThe combination of sensory and instrumental analysis was applied for quality assurance of selected tonic waters. The Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) in terms of fourteen sensory attributes (aroma, astringency, bite, burn, numbing, tongue heaviness, carbonation, mouth coating, sweet taste, sour taste, bitter taste, sweet aftertaste, sour aftertaste, bitter aftertaste) of selected tonic waters was performed by sensory experts....
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Isolation and some properties of collagen from the backbone of Baltic cod(Gadus morhua)
PublicationOssein from Baltic cod backbone was obtained after extraction of non-collagenous protein with 0.1 M NaOH solution and demineralization with 1.0 M HCl solution. The extractions were performed at 4 C for24, 48 and 72 h using a solid/solution ratio from 1:4 to 1:8 (w/v). After 48 h of extraction in 0.5 M acetic acid only about 25% of collagen was dissolved. After 48 h of extraction at optimal concentration of pepsin(4 mg/g ossein)...
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The influence of humic substances in treated sewage on the quality of surface waters
PublicationAt present the evaluation of WWTP effectiveness is based upon organic matter and nutrients removal. Recently it was found out that sewage treatment leads to formation of resistant to biochemical degradation organic compounds, similar to humic acids. The humic acids formed during sewage treatment process play diversified functions when discharged to surface waters - for instance they can act as carriers of hydrophobic organic pollutants...
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CO2 EMISSION TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM CARBONATE WATERS: THE STUDY CASE OF THE LUBLIN UPLAND AND ROZTOCZE REGIONS
PublicationThe concentration of carbon dioxide dissolved in water (CO2(aq)) was measured in consecutive phases of the hydrological cycle. Its potentially possible degassing from groundwaters to the atmosphere was also assessed. The research was conducted in the area of occurrence of carbonate rocks of the Lublin Upland and Roztocze (SE Poland). The results of the measurements of CO2(aq) concentration varied as follows (min-max/mean): precipitation...
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Heavy Metals in Waters and Sediments of Rivers Affected by Brown Coal Mine Waters
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Toxicity and chemical analyses of airport runoff waters in Poland
PublicationThe aim of this study was to assess the ecotoxicological effects of various compounds in complex airport effluents using a chemical and ecotoxicological integrated strategy. The present work deals with the determination of sum of PCBs, PAHs, pesticides, cations, anions, phenols, anionic, cationic, non-ionic detergents, formaldehyde and metals – as well as TOC and conductivity – in runoff water samples collected from 2009 to 2011...
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Selected Tonic Waters by Potentiometric Taste Sensor With All-Solid-State Electrodes
PublicationTaste sensor with five all-solid-state electrodes (ASSE) III (third version) was used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected tonic waters (J.Gasco, Kinley, Jurajski, Jurajski with citrus flavor, Carrefour, Schweppes Indian Tonic, and Schweppes Bitter Lemon). The results obtained by this taste sensor analyzed with principal component analysis, agglomerative hierarchical clustering methods show that this sensor can...
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Study of swimbladder morphometry of Baltic herring and sprat (development of measurement methodology)
PublicationEffective management of Baltic clupeids, which are valuable commercially and ecologically,requires the biomass control. The acoustical techniques are recognized as effective in fishstock assessment. The study of Baltic herring and sprat individual backscatteringcharacteristics is required for the accurate biomass estimation using acoustical techniques.The previous measurements demonstrated significant...
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Sensitivity of the Baltic Sea level prediction to spatial model resolution
Publicationhe three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the Baltic Sea (M3D) and...
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Organic Pollution in Surface Waters from the Fuglebekken Basin in Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic
PublicationThe Fuglebekken basin is situated in the southern part of the island of Spitsbergen (Norwegian Arctic), on the Hornsund fjord (Wedel Jarlsberg Land). Surface water was collected from 24 tributaries (B1-B24) and from the main stream water in the Fuglebekken basin (25) between 10 July 2009 and 30 July 2009. The present investigation reveals the results of the analysis of these samples for their PAH and PCB content. Twelve of 16 PAHs...
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On Some Aspects of Fish Target Strength Estimation in Shallow Waters
PublicationThe theory of acoustic surveys for determining fish abundance are well established in fishery acoustics. The origins of the estimation are related to overcoming the problem of unknown position of target in the beam using statistical inversion. Although recently researchers use more sophisticated echosounders that provides more informative data allowing for direct solution it is known that the results are biased due to not ideally...
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Mid-infrared spectroscopy for characterization of Baltic amber (succinite)
PublicationNatural Baltic amber (succinite) is the most appreciated fossil resin of the rich cultural traditions dating back to prehistoric times. Its unequivocal identification is extremely important in many branches of science and trades including archeology, paleontology, chemistry and finally mineralogical and gemological societies. Current methods of modification of natural succinite are more and more sophisticated making the identification...
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Succinite, Baltic Amber: A Chemical Masterpiece of Nature
PublicationSuccinite, Baltic amber, is one of the most appreciated fossil resins. Its beauty has fascinated people since prehistoric times. It is a substance, and also gemstone, whose uniqueness is due to its compelling, though still not fully understood, physicochemical nature. In this article, some facts about the physical and chemical properties of succinite in order to find an answer for questions about the unique properties of this resin,...
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Nonlinear properties of the Gotland Deep – Baltic Sea
PublicationThe properties of the nonlinear phenomenon in water, including sea water, have been well known for many decades. The feature of the non homogeneous distribution of the speed of sound along the depth of the sea is very interesting from the physical and technical point of view. It is important especially in the observation of underwater area by means of acoustical method ( Grelowska et al ., 2013; 2014). The observation of the underwater...
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Dynamics of changes in the concentration levels of organic pollutants in the proglacial waters of the Scott River (Spitsbergen, SW Svalbard)
PublicationThe study area covered the NW part of the Wedel Jarlsberg Land. The present study concerns participation of organic pollutants inflow from glacier and seaside plane of Calypsostranda to proglacial waters of the Scott River due to occurrence of precipitation. Concentration ranges for phenols and formaldehyde in water samples are respectively:
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Treatment Wetlands in Rural Areas of Poland for Baltic Sea Protection
PublicationWater and wastewater management, especially in rural areas, greatly affects loads of nutrients discharged to the Baltic Sea. In Poland, this management is unbalanced because of the dispersed development and in many locations construction of sewerage system is uneconomic or even impossible. For this reason, a significant part of sewage from single-family houses in rural areas must be discharged into domestic sewage systems. The...
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Speciation of heavy metals in wastewater and rejected waters from multistage bioreactors (MUCT)
PublicationThe objective of the study is to investigate the occurrence and availability of selected heavy metals after subsequent stages of treatment in WWTP with activated sludge (enhanced biological N and P removal). To achieved the target it was necessary to recognize the allocation of selected heavy metals between aqueous and solid phase in wastewater and reject waters. Application of sequential extraction of such metals as Cd Zn, Pb,...
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Sensory Characteristics of Tonic Waters with Various Sweetening Substances vs Young Consumers' Opinion
PublicationThe attitude of young consumers towards food products containing low calorie sweeteners was analyzed as well as consumers’ awareness to the medical recommendations regarding artificial sweeteners. The questionnaire was carried out within the group of 97 respondents at the age of 21 – 30. Strongly negative attitude towards consumption of food products containing low calorie sweeteners was declared by almost half of respondents....
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Distribution and bioavailability of mercury in the surface sediments of the Baltic Sea
PublicationThe study aimed to determine the level of mercury (Hg) and its labile and stable forms in the surface sediments of the Baltic Sea. The work considers the impact of current and historical sources of Hg on sediment pollution, together with the influence of different environmental parameters, including water inflows from the North Sea. Surface sediments (top 5 cm) were collected in 2016–2017 at 91 stations located in different...
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Multistage treatment wetland for treatment of reject waters from digested sludge dewatering
PublicationThe paper presents the influence of sewage composition on treatment in pilot-scale facility for reject waters (RW) from sewage sludge centrifugation. The facility consisted of mechanical (two tanks with 10 d retention each) and biological parts composed of three subsurface flow reed beds working in batch. Two years of monitoring of the facility proved high efficiency removal of predominant pollutants: COD 75–80%, BOD 82.2–95.5%...
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Study of the formation of calcareous deposits on cathodically protected steel in Baltic sea water
PublicationPurpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the sedimentation of calcareous deposits occurs on cathodically protected steel in Baltic sea water. Design/methodology/approach – Steel electrodes were cathodically polarized in natural Baltic sea water at potential þ0.150 V vs Zn electrode in potentiostatic mode. During exposure chronoamperometric measurements were carried out. After the exposure, the electrode’s surface...
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Analysis of the influence of external conditions on temperature readings in thermograms and adaptive adjustment of the measured temperature value
PublicationMeasuring human temperature is a crucial step in preventing the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. For the proper operation of an automatic body temperature measurement system throughout the year, it is necessary to consider outdoor conditions. In this paper, the effect of atmospheric factors on facial temperature readings using infrared thermography is investigated. A thorough analysis of the variation of facial temperature...
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Smart Asset Management for District Heating Systems in the Baltic Sea Region.
PublicationThe purpose of this review is to provide insight and a comparison of the current status of district heating (DH) systems for selected Baltic Sea countries (Denmark, Germany, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden), especially from viewpoints of application and solutions of novel smart asset management (SAM) approaches. Furthermore, this paper considers European projects ongoing from 2016, involving participants from the...
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Changes in conditions of acoustic wave propagation in the Gdansk deep as an effect of climate changes in the Baltic Sea region
PublicationThe article presents the results from a research project investigating acoustic climate changes in the Gdansk Deep based on data extending from 1902 to 2019. This part of the southern Gotland Basin, is rarely discussed in the scientific literature. The speed of sound in the seawater is a function of temperature, salinity, and depth. In such shallow sea as Baltic Sea, the impact of depth is not substantial. The other two factors...
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Hydrographic echosounder for sounding inland waters.
PublicationNowy model echosondy zaprojektowanej specjalnie dla instytucji administrującymi śródlądowymi drogami wodnymi, sztucznymi i naturalnymi zbiornikami oraz morskimi wodami przybrzeżnymi jest opisany. Podstawowym wymogiem wynikającym z sondażu wód płytkich jest pomiar możliwie najmniejszych głębokości. Przez zastosowanie oddzielnych przetworników (nadawczego i odbiorczego) i ich wytłumienie oraz przez wprowadzenie układu TVG o dużej...
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GAS SENSORS WITH TEMPERATURE MODULATION – AN OVERVIEW
PublicationAlthough different methods of improving semiconductor gas sensor properties have been proposed, a technique involving temperature modulation seems to be the most promising. Semiconductor gas sensors working with modulated temperature can be more stable and are more selective comparing with sensor working at one temperature. In this paper, various approaches to temperature modulation are reviewed.
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Changes in conditions of acoustic wave propagation in the Gdansk deep as an effect of climate changes in the Baltic Sea region
PublicationThe article presents the results from a research project investigating acoustic climate changes in the Gdansk Deepbased on data extending from 1902 to 2019. This part of the southern Gotland Basin, is rarely discussed in thescientific literature.The speed of sound in the seawater is a function of temperature, salinity, and depth. In such shallow sea asBaltic Sea, the impact of depth is not substantial....
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A method of determining and visualizing safe motion parameters of a ship navigating in restricted waters
PublicationThe paper presents a method of displaying ship collision avoidance information which is based on an unconventional Collision Threat Parameters Area (CTPA) technique. The solution presented here extends CTPA's functionality from past works by supporting navigation in restricted waters and handling ship domains analytically instead of numerically. It visualizes potential navigational threats as well as possible collision avoidance...
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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TYRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
PublicationTemperature is a very important factor controlling rolling resistance of road vehicle tyres. There are at least three different temperatures that may be considered as important factors controlling thermal conditions of the rolling tyre. The most common measure of the thermal conditions during tyre rolling is ambient air temperature. The other two are: pavement temperature and “tyre” temperature. Tyre temperature is the most difficult...
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Banking concentration in the Baltic and Western Balkan states — selected issues
PublicationResearch background: In a rapidly changing economic environment companies deepen their cooperation, which entails in all sectors of the economy. The progressive increase in market concentration, especially in the banking sector, is caused by various reasons. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this article is to compare the tendencies within market structures in few countries which origin from similar political systems and...
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Converting beach wrack into a resource as a challenge for the Baltic Sea (an overview)
PublicationThe paper distinguishes beach wrack, the marine generated organic part of beach cast, as a separate management object and discusses research questions related to its management and economically viable use. Based on experiences from the Baltic Sea and existing practices from countries with different management systems clear distinction between the management of natural and anthropogenic components of cast material is seen as an...
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Observations of presumable groundwater seepage occurrence in Puck Bay (the Baltic Sea)
PublicationWe report the results of recent field measurements of seawater thermohaline structure and transparency carried out in early summer 2014 in Puck Bay. Near-bottom, less saline waters occurred almost in the entire study area. Their occurrence in the shallow part of Puck Bay was accompanied by an increase in the seawater transparency. The most likely explanation of these observations is a submarine fresh groundwater discharge.
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Użytkownicy sieci portów jachtowych obszaru South Coast Baltic w świetle badań
PublicationSouth Coast Baltic jest obszarem turystyki żeglarskiej od Stralsundu w Niemczech, przez polskie wybrzeże Morza Bałtyckiego, do Kłajpedy na Litwie, obejmującym także duńską wyspę Bornholm oraz okolice rosyjskiego Kaliningradu. Głównym produktem turystycznym destynacji South Coast Baltic jest transgraniczna sieć portów jachtowych zlokalizowanych w ponad 130 miastach i miejscowościach, oferująca swoim klientom ok. dziesięć tysięcy...
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Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction
PublicationThe paper presents the proposition of special assessment of lowtemperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed....
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Operational algae bloom detection in the Baltic Sea using GIS and AVHRR data
PublicationDuring the blooming season, algal colonies can, in extreme cases, cover up to 200 000 square kilometres of the Baltic Sea water surface. Because the position and shape of the blooms may significantly change in very short time due to the influence of wind and waves, regular monitoring of the blooms' development is necessary. Currently, the desired monitoring frequency may only be achieved by means of remote sensing. The article...
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The role of atmospheric precipitation in introducing contaminants to the surface waters of the Fuglebekken catchment, Spitsbergen.
PublicationAlthough the Svalbard Archipelago is located at a high latitude, far from potential contaminant sources, it is not free from anthropogenic impact. Towards the Fuglebekken catchment, in the southern part of Spitsbergen, north of Hornsund fjord, contaminants can be transported from mainland pollution sources. In the precipitation and surface water collected in the catchment, the following elements were detected and quantified: Ag,...
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The state of the art in the field of decrease the pollution in the South Baltic area
PublicationVarious form of human activity such as maritime transports, industrial activities, busy traffic, intensive farming and animal husbandry can have negative impact on natural marine environment. Baltic Sea catchment area is characterized by the high river water flux and wastewater treatment plants discharges. Additionally, the limited shallow connection to the North Sea results in little water exchange and residence time of approximately...
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EDUCATIONAL ENGAGEMENT OF THE ELDERLY – THE EXPERIENCES OF THE SELECTED BALTIC SEA REGION (BSR) COUNTRIES
PublicationThe aim of this article is to present the engagement of the elderly being close to retirement age in the Baltic Sea Region countries in the education of the adults, as well as to discuss the possibilities and conditions for the educational activity of the elderly. The authors also refer to the relationship between the participation of the elderly in education and their socio-economic situation.