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Search results for: HYBRID CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS VERTICAL FLOW HORIZONTAL FLOW POLLUTANT REMOVAL EFFICIENCY AND RELIABILITY
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Steady magnetohydrodynamic flow in a diverging channel with suction or blowing
PublicationAn analysis is made of steady two-dimensional divergent flow of an electrically conducting incompressible viscous fluid in a channel formed by two non-parallel walls, the flow being caused by a source of fluid volume at the intersection of the walls. The fluid is permeated by a magnetic field produced by an electric current along the line of intersection of the channel walls. The walls are porous and subjected to either suction...
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Recent progress in experimental studies of electrohydrodynamic flow in electrostatic precipitators
PublicationMany experimental, theoretical and numerical works were devoted to the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) flow generated in electrostatic precipitators (EPSs). The generally accepted conclusion from these studies is that the EHD flow plays an important role in the particle collection in ESPs. However, despite of the recent fast progress in numerical simulation and experimental techniques used in the ESPs studies many problems related to...
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Numerical solutions for blood flow in elastic vessels
PublicationWe consider the differential–algebraic system for the blood flow and pressure in the systemic arteries. By the operator splitting method, we transform the system into the hyperbolic one, introduce the bicharacteristics, and perform the time–space nonuniform discretization, obtaining the innovative difference scheme. Our results are illustrated with numerical experiments.
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Two-phase flow structure assessment based on dynamic image analysis
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Description of the silo flow and bulk solid pulsations detection using ECT
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki zastosowania tomografii pojemnościowej do analizy pulsacji występujących w bezkohezyjnym materiale sypkim podczas opróżniania silosu cylindrycznego. Przeanalizowano wpływ parametrów zmiennych (zagęszczenia początkowego, szorstkości ściany, prędkości opróżniania) na wielkość dynamicznych pulsacji)
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OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTED WETLAND FOR LANDFILL LEACHATE TREATMENT: CASE STUDY
PublicationThe present paper discusses the quality fluctuations of leachate from municipal landfill in Gdansk (Poland) over the last 5 years and the evaluation of a wetland system designed for treatment of the leachate. The research has been conducted during a 5-year period. The constructed wetland for leachate treatment was built in 2001; it consists of 2 horizontal subsurface flow reed beds, working in parallel. In the period 2005–2006...
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A System for Cooling Electronic Elements with EHD Coolant Flow
PublicationA system for cooling electronic components where the liquid coolant flow is forced with ion-drag type EHD micropumps was tested.
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Modelling of blood flow: from macro to microscales
PublicationThe aim of this paper it to review various scale approaches to blood flow modelling. Blood motion may be described by three types of mathematical models according to the observed scales or resolutions, namely microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic description. The above approaches are discussed together with their advantages and disadvantages. Several results of mesoscopic simulations are presented.
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Graphene field-effect transistor application for flow sensing
PublicationMicroflow sensors offer great potential for applications in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip systems. However, thermal-based sensors, which are commonly used in modern flow sensing technology, are mainly made of materials with positive temperature coefficients (PTC) and suffer from a self-heating effect and slow response time. Therefore, the design of novel devices and careful selection of materials are required to improve the overall...
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Reduction of Computational Complexity in Simulations of the Flow Process in Transmission Pipelines
PublicationThe paper addresses the problem of computational efficiency of the pipe-flow model used in leak detection and identification systems. Analysis of the model brings attention to its specific structure, where all matrices are sparse. With certain rearrangements, the model can be reduced to a set of equations with tridiagonal matrices. Such equations can be solved using the Thomas algorithm. This method provides almost the same values...
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A numerical and experimental analysis of multi-hole orifice in turbulent flow
PublicationIn this research study, the comprehensive metrological analysis is investigated for a 4-hole orifice with module m = 0.25 installed in the pipeline with an internal diameter of 50 mm. A detailed numerical simulation was performed for the turbulence models: k-ε-realizable and k-ω-BSL. The novelties of the research include model validation by comparing the results of numerical studies with the experiment conducted in the area of...
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Wetlands in flux: looking for the drivers in a central European case
PublicationPlanet Earth is undergoing significant changes which are driven by natural and anthropogenic factors. However, it is difficult to identify the drivers and their effect on the environment and ecosystems because there are many interdependencies. In this study we present a multi-parameter approach to assess the effect of changes in human-induced and natural drivers on a wetland ecosystem. The study area is one of the most prominent...
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The newest researches and applications of treatment wetlands in sewage sludge management
PublicationIn the paper the newest researches and applications of treatment wetlands conducted by re-searchers of Civil and Environmental Faculty are presented. Among others it was proved that this technology could be successfully implemented for highly polluted wastewater treatment. Within the research project two multistage treatment wetlands, one for landfill leachate and the second for reject water from digested sewage sludge centrifugation,...
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The vortex flow caused by sound in a bubbly liquid
PublicationGeneration of vorticity in the field of intense sound in a bubbly liquid in the free half-space is considered. The reasons for generation of vorticity are nonlinearity, diffraction, and dispersion. Acoustic streaming differs from that in a Newtonian fluid. Under some conditions, the vortex flow changes its direction. Conclusions concern streaming induced by a harmonic or an impulse Gaussian beam.
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Estimation of the steam condensation flow via CFD methods
PublicationThe results of numerical simulations to predict the performance of different steam models have been presented. All of the considered models of steam condensation have been validated on the base of benchmark experiment employing expansion in nozzle and next on the low pressure part of the steam turbine stage. For numerical analysis three models have been finally used – the ideal steam model without condensation, an equilibrium steam...
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Experimental Investigations On The Momentum Pressure Drop During Flow Boiling Of R134a
PublicationThe article presents experimental investigations of the pressure drop during twophase flow. Experiments were performed for both adiabatic and heated flow of R134a. Obtained flow patterns were compared with the literature. Obtained data is used to validate momentum pressure drop predictions, a set of graphs showing comparisons, for a representative set of experimental conditions, of the two-phase frictional pressure gradients for...
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Determination of Mechanical Energy Loss in Steady Flow by Means of Dissipation Power
PublicationWhen systems of simple geometry like pipes or regular channels are considered, the mechan- ical energy loss of the fluid flow can be expressed by local and longitudinal empirical energy loss coefficients. However, in the case of large spatially distributed objects, there are no simple approaches to this task. In practice, general recommendations addressing different types of objects are used, but they usually provide very coarse...
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Analytical Steady-State Model of the Pipeline Flow Process
PublicationThe paper addresses the issue of modeling the flow process in transmission pipelines. A base model used for numerical simulation is introduced. Under certain assumptions concerning steady state analysis, the differential equations describing the process are solved analytically for two cases: zero and nonzero inclination angle α. These equations describe a constant flow rate and a corresponding distribution of the pressure along...
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Channel Blockage and Flow Maldistribution during Unsteady Flow in a Model Microchannel Plate heat Exchanger
PublicationThis paper describes the problem of channel blockage as a result of flow maldistribution between the channels of a model mini channel plate heat exchanger consisting of one pass on each leg. Each leg of the heat exchanger contains 51 parallel and rectangular minichannels of four hydraulic diameters namely 461 μm, 571 μm, 750 μm and 823 μm. In addition, a more complex geometry has been investigated where for the sake of breaking...
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The reliability of ring, star and hybrid networks
PublicationJednym z parametrów charakteryzującym jakość sieci jest jej niezawodność. Rozważono sieci o topologiach drzewiastych, gwiaździstych, pętlowych, wielo-pętlowych oraz mieszanych. Przyjęto następujący model uszkodzeń. Węzły oraz kanały sieci ulegają uszkodzeniom z określonym prawdopodobieństwem, uszkodzenia elementów sieci są od siebie statystycznie niezależne. Jako oceny niezawodności sieci przyjęto: średnią liczbę sprawnych par...
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Influence of Gaps’ Geometry Change on Leakage Flow in Axial Piston Pumps
PublicationAxial piston pumps are the core elements of most medium and high-pressure hydraulic systems. High volumetric efficiency and high working pressures are the main advantages of this type of pumps. Therefore it is necessary to accurately calculate the leakage flow through the gaps to design efficient high-pressure pump. The main difficulty of such calculations is the fact, that the gaps change their geometry during pumping process....
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Analysis of the radiation dose in UV-disinfection flow reactors.
PublicationTheoretical considerations devoted to the variation of UV radiation doses in flow disinfection reactors are presented. The minimal time required by the fluid to pass the reactor was determined and combined with the radiation intensity. The active zones of the reactor were determined.
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On various modelling approaches to real-time visualisation of blood flow
PublicationThis paper reviews various modelling approaches to real-time visualisation of blood flow. These include classic, macroscale approach based on the momentum conservation equation together with a proper constitutive equation. Moreover, modern micro- and mesoscale approaches, such as molecular dynamics and dissipative particle dynamics, are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of the discussed methods are highlighted with particular...
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Application of spatial neural simulators of turbine blade rows to fluid flow diagnostics
PublicationThis chapter presents the results of neural modelling of fluid flow in steam turbine row. In modelling working conditions of the flow channel varied, thus the aim of the work was to reconstruct the reference state - distributions of velocity, pressure, and losses in flow channel - with high accuracy for fluid flow diagnostics.
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Evaluation of the structures size in the liquid-gas flow by gamma-ray absorption
PublicationThe rapid development of tomography methods particularly electrical, X and gamma rays allows for a wide range of the information about flow structure. However, all of such methods are quite complicated. At the same time much simpler systems as the measuring system of gamma rays absorption, allows to obtain a all key flow information which describe the two-phase flow. In the article the results of analyzes of radiometric signal...
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Energy losses in hydrostatic drive:Drive investigation method compatible with diagram of power increase opposite to the direction of power flow
PublicationEnergy losses and efficiency of drive motor must be presented as functions of physical quantities independent of losses in the motor. Such quantities are speed and load required by the driven device, changing in the drive operating field. Speed and load decide of the useful power and, in differentiated way, of kinds and values of losses in the motor. But energy losses and efficiency of drive motors are evaluated as functions of...
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Application of H2O2 to optimize ammonium removal from domestic wastewater
PublicationThe paper presents the results of application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the optimization of the effects of ammonia nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater. The investigations were carried out at a model wastewater treatment plant consisting of a preliminary sedimentation tank and a sand filter with a horizontal flow of wastewater at a constant hydraulic load of 1.44 L/day. The efficiency of ammonia nitrogen removal was...
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Comparison of various flow maldistribution quantification methods in mini heat exchangers
PublicationThe aim of study is to compare various flow maldistribution quantification methods, using velocity, mass flow rate, pressure, and temperature. An experimentally validated numerical study has been prepared and a heat exchanger with 34 semi-circular channels with a diameter of 3.1 mm has been tested. The minichannels were heated from the bottom with a heat flux of 50, 60, 70, and 80 kW/m2. The cases for various inlet velocities of...
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Quantitatively and qualitatively characteristic of organic matter in sewage after treatment in constructed wetlands
PublicationNajczęstszym kryterium oceny skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków jest efektywność usuwania zanieczyszczeń. Jednakże oczyszczone ścieki zawierają pewne ilości substancji organicznej niepodatnej na rozkład biologiczny tzw. refrakcyjnej.Organiczne substancje refrakcyjne to przede wszystkim kwasy humusowe, które swoja obecnością w wodzie mogą pogarszać jej właściwości i utrudniać procesy uzdatniania do celów konsumpcyjnych. Wykazano,że...
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The Oxygen Transfer Capacity of Submerged Plant Elodea densa in Wastewater Constructed Wetlands
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Alternative convolution approach to friction in unsteady pipe flow
PublicationIn the paper some aspects of the unsteady friction in pipe flow expressed by the convolution are analyzed. This additional term introduced into the motion equation involves the accelerations of fluid occurring in the past and a weighting function. The essence of such approach is to assume the appropriate form of weighting function. However, until now no fully reliable formula for this function has been found. To avoid some inconveniences...
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Flow Process Models for Pipeline Diagnosis
PublicationThis chapter examines the problem of modeling and parameterization of the transmission pipeline flow process. First, the base model for discrete time is presented, which is a reference for other developed models. Then, the diagonal approximation (AMDA) method is proposed, in which the tridiagonal sub-matrices of the recombination matrix are approximated by their diagonal counterparts, which allows for a simple determination of...
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Air flow phenomena in the model of the blind drift
PublicationIn the presented paper, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) has been used to investigate flow pattern and turbulent structure in the model of blind drift. The presented model exist in mining, and has been analyzed to resolve ventilation issues. Blind region is particularly susceptible to unsafe methane accumulation. The measurement system allows us to evaluate all components of the velocity vector in channel cross-section simultaneously....
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Alternative Approach to Convolution Term of Viscoelasticity in Equations of Unsteady Pipe Flow
PublicationIn the paper the selected aspects concerning description of viscoelastic behavior of pipe walls during unsteady flow are analyzed. The alternative convolution expression of the viscoelastic term is presented and compared with the corresponding term referring to unsteady friction. Both approaches indicate similarities in the forms of impulse response functions and the parameter properties. The flow memory was introduced into convolution...
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Computational issues of solving the 1D steady gradually varied flow equation
PublicationIn this paper a problem of multiple solutions of steady gradually varied flow equation in the form of the ordinary differential energy equation is discussed from the viewpoint of its numerical solution. Using the Lipschitz theorem dealing with the uniqueness of solution of an initial value problem for the ordinary differential equation it was shown that the steady gradually varied flow equation can have more than one solution....
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Discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump
PublicationThis paper presents results of discrete-continuous optimisation of an axial flow blood pump. Evolution Strategies (ES) are used as a global optimisation method in order to localise the optimal solution in relatively short time. The whole optimisation process is fully automated. This also applies to geometry modelling. Numerical simulations of the flow inside the pump is performed by means of the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes...
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Comparison of Traffic Flow Models with Real Traffic Data Based on a Quantitative Assessment
PublicationThe fundamental relationship of traffic flow and bivariate relations between speed and flow, speed and density, and flow and density are of great importance in transportation engineering. Fundamental relationship models may be applied to assess and forecast traffic conditions at uninterrupted traffic flow facilities. The objective of the article was to analyze and compare existing models of the fundamental relationship. To that...
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Experimental validation of pressure drop models during flow boiling of R134a – effect of flow acceleration and entrainment
PublicationA crucial step to assure proficient work of power and process apparatus is their proper design. A wide array of those devices operates within boiling or condensation of the working fluid to benefit from high heat transfer rates. Two-phase flows are associated with high heat transfer coefficients because of the latent heat of evaporation and high turbulence level between the liquid and the solid surface. Predicting heat transfer...
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Simplified Numerical Model for Transient Flow of Slurries at Low Concentration
PublicationRapid transients are particularly dangerous in industrial hydro-transport systems, where solid-liquid mixtures are transported via long pressure pipelines. A mathematical description of such flow is difficult due to the complexity of phenomena and difficulties in determining parameters. The main aim of the study was to examine the influence of the simplified mixture density and wave celerity description on satisfactory reproduction...
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Investigation of the Aerodynamics of an Innovative Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine
PublicationThe paper presents the results of an experimental investigation and a three dimensional numerical analysis of the transient aerodynamic phenomena occurring in the innovative modification of classic Savonius wind turbine. An attempt to explain the increased efficiency of the innovative design a comparison with the traditional solution is undertaken. A vorticity measure based on the integral of the velocity gradient tensor second...
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A New Approach for the Mitigating of Flow Maldistribution in Parallel Microchannel Heat Sink
PublicationThe problem of flow maldistribution is very critical in microchannel heat sinks (MCHS). It induces temperature nonuniformity, which may ultimately lead to the breakdown of associated system. In the present communication, a novel approach for the mitigation of flow maldistribution problem in parallel MCHS has been proposed using variable width microchannels. Numerical simulation of copper made parallel MCHS consisting of 25 channels...
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Cylindrical orifice testing in laminar flow with the orifice diameter ratio β = 0.5
PublicationThe paper presents the results of an experimental study of a cylindrical orifice with the orifice diameter ratio β = 0.5 and the flow opening length‑to‑diameter ratio L/d = 1, with hydraulic oil flowing in the DN50 measuring channel. The measurements of the values characterising the oil flow were made in the laminar flow regime, for the Reynolds numbers ranging between Re = 100 to 950. Based on the experimental tests, standard...
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Hysteresis curves for some periodic and aperiodic perturbations in magnetosonic flow
PublicationA thermodynamic relation between perturbations of pressure and mass density in the magnetohydrodynamic flow is theoretically studied. Planar magnetohydrodynamic perturbations with the wave vector, which forms a constant angle with the equilibrium magnetic field, are under study. The theory considers thermal conduction of a plasma and the deviation from adiabaticity of a flow due to some kind of heating–cooling function. It also...
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Methods of measurement signal acquisition from the rotational flow meter for frequency analysis
PublicationOne of the simplest and commonly used instruments for measuring the flow of homogeneous substances is the rotational flow meter. The main part of such a device is a rotor (vane or screw) rotating at a speed which is the function of the fluid or gas flow rate. A pulse signal with a frequency proportional to the speed of the rotor is obtained at the sensor output. For measurements in dynamic conditions, a variable interval between...
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Dedicated scheduling of tasks to minimize mean flow time
PublicationThis paper investigates the complexity of scheduling biprocessor tasks on dedicated processors to minimize mean flow time. Since the general problem is strongly NP-hard, we assume some restrictions on task lengths and the structure of associated scheduling graphs. Of particular interest are acyclic graphs. In this way we identify a borderline between NP-hard and polynomially solvable special cases.
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Simulations of air and water flow in a model dike during overflow experiments
PublicationFlow in flood dikes, earth dams, and embankments occurs in variably saturated conditions, with pores of the earth material filled partly with water and partly with air. In routine engineering analysis, the influence of pore air is neglected and the air pressure is assumed equal to atmospheric. In some circumstances, for example, during overtopping of the dike by water, the effect of pore air on water flow and stability of the structure...
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On the internal efficiency of a turbine stage: classical and CFD definitions
PublicationAlmost entire fleet of steam turbines in Poland was designed between 1950 – 1980 with the use of the so-called zero dimensional (0D) calculation tools. For several years, design and modernization of the turbines occur in assistance with the state of the art methods that describe working fluid flow field based on 3D models and CFD codes. This cooperation between 0D and 3D codes requires exchange of overall, integral information...
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Magnetic semiconductor photocatalysts for the degradation of recalcitrant chemicals from flow back water
PublicationIn the present study treatability of persistent organic compounds from the flow back water after hydrauling fracturing was investigated. The combination of TiO2 photocatalyst and magnetic oxide nanoparticles enhance the separation and recoverable property of nanosized TiO2 photocatalyst. Fe3O4/ TiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2/TiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by heteroagglomeration. The photocatalysts’ characteristics by X-ray diffractometry...
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Determination of pressure drop in flow condensation of HFE7000 in minichannels with account of non-adiabatic effects
PublicationFlow boiling and flow condensation are often regarded as two opposite or symmetrical phenomena involving the change of phase. There is a temptation to describe both these phenomena with one only correlation, however such method has yet to be suggested. From amongst the structures present in flow boiling and flow condensation at least the annular flow structure seems to be mostly appropriate to the common modeling. However, the shear...
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Estimating the uncertainty of the liquid mass flow using the orifice plate
PublicationThe article presents estimation of measurement uncertainty of a liquid mass flow using the orifice plate. This subject is essential because of the widespread use of this type of flow meters, which renders not only the quantitative estimation but also qualitative results of this type so those measurements are important. To achieve this goal, the authors of the paper propose to use the theory of uncertainty. The article shows the...