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Search results for: road safety barrier
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Road surface roughness estimation employing integrated position and acceleration sensor
PublicationAssessment of a surface quality being an essential task for the authorities supervising the roads provides the subject of the paper. Information about riding quality of a pavement, important for drivers, both in terms of their comfort and safety is collected during experiments employing mobile sensors. The paper describes the use of a miniature position and acceleration sensor for evaluation of the roughness of the road surface....
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The searchlight problem for road networks
PublicationWe consider the problem of searching for a mobile intruder hiding in a road network given as the union of two or more lines, or two or more line segments, in the plane. Some of the intersections of the road network are occupied by stationary guards equipped with a number of searchlights, each of which can emit a single ray of light in any direction along the lines (or line segments) it is on. The goal is to detect the intruder,...
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The Role of Greenery and Traffic Calming Measures in Planning of Road Infrastracture
PublicationThe role of greenery and traffi c calming measures in road infrastructure planning. The “life” of a town is connected with its infrastructure. So it is that, apart from serving their principal function, motorways, roads, airports and other facilities which make transport possible largely determine contemporary urban design. To achieve balanced forms of urban infrastructure that ensure comfort, safety and spatial order, it is necessary when...
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Machine learning applied to acoustic-based road traffic monitoring
PublicationThe motivation behind this study lies in adapting acoustic noise monitoring systems for road traffic monitoring for driver’s safety. Such a system should recognize a vehicle type and weather-related pavement conditions based on the audio level measurement. The study presents the effectiveness of the selected machine learning algorithms in acoustic-based road traffic monitoring. Bases of the operation of the acoustic road traffic...
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Machine learning applied to acoustic-based road traffic monitoring
PublicationThe motivation behind this study lies in adapting acoustic noise monitoring systems for road traffic monitoring for driver’s safety. Such a system should recognize a vehicle type and weather-related pavement conditions based on the audio level measurement. The study presents the effectiveness of the selected machine learning algorithms in acoustic-based road traffic monitoring. Bases of the operation of the acoustic road traffic...
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Problems in designing and operating the functional safety solutions of higher integriity levels
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some problems that have been encountered in designing and operating the functional safety solutions of higher safety integrity levels (SIL 3 and SIL 4) in the light of analyses outlined in a new version of the international standard IEC 61508:2010. Examples of such solutions are the electric / electronic / programmable electronic systems (E/E/PESs) and the safety instrumented systems...
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Examining the Impact of Distance Between VSL Road Signs on Vehicle Speed Variance
PublicationVariable speed limit (VSL) is an intelligent transportation system (ITS) solution for traffic management. The speed limits can be changed dynamically to adapt to traffic conditions such as visibility and traffic volume, curvature, and grip coefficient of the road surface. The VSL traffic sign location problem and attempts to solve it using computer simulation are presented in this paper. Experiments on a selected road segment,...
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Poroelastic Low Noise Road Surfaces
PublicationNoise is one of the most important problems related to road traffic. During the last decades, noise emitted by engine and powertrain of vehicles was greatly reduced and tyres became a clearly dominant noise source. The paper describes the concept of low noise poroelastic road surfaces that are composed with mineral and rubber aggregate bound by polyurethane resin. Those surfaces have a porous structure and are much more flexible...
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Cognitive engineering and functional safety technology for reducing risks in hazardous plants
PublicationCognitive engineering is considered nowadays as interesting multidisciplinary domain that focuses on improving the relations between humans and the systems that are supervised and operated. The industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants are increasingly computerized and perform various safety functions. These are designed and implemented according to the functional safety concept. The objective is to maintain...
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Tyre/road noise reduction of poroelastic road surface tested in a laboratory
PublicationA so-called poroelastic road surface (PERS) is being developed in Europe. This contains a large percentage of rubber particles mixed with hard aggregate (stone and sand) and bound with polyurethane. This gives high air void content (around 30 %), high elasticity and smooth texture, all of which should give low noise properties. Inthis experiment anominally 30 mm thick sample of PERS was mounted on a steel drum. Various car tyres...
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Comparison of requirements for location, maintenance and removal of road advertising between polish and foreign regulations
PublicationThe article gives an overview of Polish and international formal and legal requirements for roadside advertising and the relevant road safety impacts. The analysis focussed on outdoor advertising life cycle consisting of three stages: location, operation and removal of advertising. Experience of road authorities from Australia (Queensland), Republic of South Africa and the United Kingdom was collected. The article is part of a...
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Designing issues of the alarm system in context of functional safety and human factors
PublicationThis article addresses selected aspects of the alarm system and human factors that should be evaluated during the design and operation of an industrial hazardous installation. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often applied for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To reduce and control the risks the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their...
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Development of Intelligent Road Signs with V2X Interface for Adaptive Traffic Controlling
PublicationThe objective of this paper is to present a practical project of intelligent road signs, under which a series of new products for the regulation of traffic is being created. The engineering part of the project, described in this paper, was preceded by a series of experimental studies, the results of which were described in another paper accepted for publication at the MTS-ITS conference 2019, entitled "Comparative study on the effectiveness...
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Assessment of the Influence of Road Infrastructure Parameters on the Behaviour of Drivers and Pedestrians in Pedestrian Crossing Areas
PublicationPedestrians are participants and, most likely, fatalities in every third road traffic accident in Poland. Over 30% of all fatalities on Polish roads are pedestrians. Accidents with pedestrians are very often the result of various factors related to the infrastructure and behaviour of pedestrians and drivers. The objective of the work was to assess driver and pedestrian behaviour in pedestrian crossing areas. The research also served...
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Road texture influence on tire rolling resistance
PublicationTire rolling resistance is one of the most important resistive forces acting on road vehicles. It depends on tire and surface characteristics as well as vehicle operating parameters. This paper deals with the influence of road surface texture on rolling resistance of passenger car tires. Results of road measurements performed on variety of road surfaces are presented.
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System for monitoring road slippery based on CCTV cameras and convolutional neural networks
PublicationThe slipperiness of the surface is essential for road safety. The growing number of CCTV cameras opens the possibility of using them to automatically detect the slippery surface and inform road users about it. This paper presents a system of developed intelligent road signs, including a detector based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and the transferlearning method employed to the processing of images acquired with video...
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Functional safety with cybersecurity for the control and protection systems on example of the oil port infrastructure
PublicationSafety and cybersecurity aspects consist of two different group of functional requirements for the industrial control and protection systems in the oil port installation. It is the main reason why the analyses of safety and cybersecurity shouldn’t be integrated directly. These article presented some important issues of the functional safety analysis with regard to cybersecurity aspects in the oil seaport infrastructure. The proposed...
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Processing of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ barrier layers for solid oxide cells: The effect of preparation method and thickness on the interdiffusion and electrochemical performance
PublicationCe0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (CGO) barrier layers are required to mitigate the chemical reactions between Sr-containing oxygen electrode materials and Zr-based oxygen ion conductors in high-temperature solid oxide cells. Barrier layers produced by different methods were studied in this work. As a reference, a cell with no barrier layer was measured. The application of the powder-processed barrier layers, considerably increases the performance....
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Integrated approach for functional safety and cyber security management in maritime critical infrastructures
PublicationThe work is devoted important issues of the management in maritime critical infrastructure of functional safety analysis, in particular the safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed control and protection systems with regard to cyber security aspects. A method based on quantitative and qualitative information is proposed for the SIL (IEC 61508, 61511) verification with...
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Integrated safety and security analysis of hazardous plants and systems of critical infrastructure
PublicationThis article addresses an integrated safety and security analysis approach of hazardous industrial plants and systems of critical infrastructure. Nowadays due to new hazards that emerge there are opinions among experts that these issues require an integrated approach in life cycle, from the design concept, through the design and operation of the plant, to its decommissioning. It is proposed to start from an interesting methodology...
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Ultra Low Noise Poroelastic Road Surfaces
PublicationNoise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. During the last decades, the noise emitted by the engines and powertrains of vehicles was greatly reduced and tires became a clearly dominant noise source. The article describes the concept of low noise poroelastic road surfaces that are composed of mineral and rubber aggregate bound by polyurethane resin. Those surfaces have a porous structure and...
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INFLUENCE OF MEASURING CONDITIONS ON TYRE/ROAD NOISE
PublicationA decisive factor for the development of tyres and road surfaces is the ability to conduct representative and reproducible measurements of selected characteristics related to the interaction of tyres and road surfaces. In terms of tyre/road noise measurements in Europe two methods described in ISO/FDIS 11819-2 and ECE Regulation No.117 are used. The latter is compulsory for assigning the tyre noise labels. The methodologies differ...
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Safety Assessment of Tram Stops
PublicationThe safety of public transport stops is the subject of numerous studies in large agglomerations around the world. This is due to the fact that it is a passenger exchange zone where collisions and accidents involving people getting on or off public transport vehicles most often occur. For this reason, the purpose of the article is to present the results of the safety assessment of the stop zones for two selected tram lines in Wroclaw....
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Evaluating the convenience and safety effects of bicycle lanes in Gdańsk
PublicationBicycle lanes are lanes marked on a road and dedicated for exclusive use for cyclists.. Because they combine bike and motor traffic they provide directness and flow. However, a shared use of streets could result in bicycle-car accidents. Following up on the good practice Western countries have in planning cycle infrastructure, Gdańsk has recently introduced bike lanes on a few streets. The aim of the research was to assess the...
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Economical methods for measuring road surface roughness
PublicationTwo low-cost methods of estimating the road surface condition are presented in the paper, the first one based on the use of accelerometers and the other on the analysis of images acquired from cameras installed in a vehicle. In the first method, miniature positioning and accelerometer sensors are used for evaluation of the road surface roughness. The device designed for installation in vehicles is composed of a GPS receiver and...
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Trailing-Edge Separation Control of a NACA 0015 Airfoil Using Dielectric-Barrier-Discharge Plasma Actuators
PublicationThis paper presents a part of the works conducted in the Plasmaero European project (task 3.1), where the trailing-edge flow separation of a NACA 0015 airfoil has been controlled using four different dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) actuator types at three institutions across Europe. The results show that it is possible to enhance the aerodynamic performance of aircraft at speeds up to 40 m/s. Dielectric-barrier-discharge vortex...
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Pedestrian and bicycle bridges as examples of safe collision-free road crossings
PublicationPedestrians are most at risk when they are crossing the road. This represents a significant proportion of all fatalities among pedestrians, amounting respectively to 50% in non-built-up areas and 75% in built-up areas. The most frequent reason for this accident is failure to give way. What is most terrible is that 30% of pedestrian accidents occurred at marked pedestrian crossings. Therefore, an important part of pedestrian safety...
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Functional safety and managing competence
PublicationSą nowe wyzwania związane z badaniami, edukacją i szkoleniem w obszarach bezpieczeństwa i ochrony systemów i sieci krytycznych. W rozdziale podkreśla się, że kompetencje specjalistów powinny być kształtowane w zintegrowanych procesach edukacji i szkolenia. Dlatego uzasadnione jest, aby opracować w Europie standardy i programy kształcenia na bazie odpowiednich prac badawczych i najlepszych doświadczeń z praktyki przemysłowej w celu...
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Risk assessment methodologies for pedestrian crossings without traffic lights – Warsaw case study – pedestrian safety assessment
PublicationBased on data from 2015 [1], it was found that 31% of all fatalities in road accidents in Poland were pedestrians. In places accessible to pedestrian traffic 74.2% of total accidents involving pedestrians were recorded. Approximately 53.9% of accidents involving pedestrians take place in the proximity of pedestrian crossings. In the context of improving the safety of vulnerable road users, an assessment of the condition of infrastructure...
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Methodological issues of functional safety and reliability assessment of critical systems in industrial hazardous plants
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some methodological issues that are of interest among functional safety specialists and experts after publication of the second edition of international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, including the design and implementing the safety-related functions of higher safety integrity levels and protection layers. The basic role of safety-related systems is to reduce effectively and...
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Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction
PublicationThe paper presents the proposition of special assessment of lowtemperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed....
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Probability distribution of flicker noise in AuNPdecorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diode
PublicationWe present results of the probability distribution analysis of flicker noise generated in Au nanoparticle (AuNP) decorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diodes with and without yellow light illumination (592 nm), close to the localized surface plasmon resonance in the AuNPs (586 nm). The AuNPs occupy imperfections in the single-layer graphene and reduce the flicker noise intensity generated in the graphene layer. The estimated probability...
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Poroelastic Road Surfaces - State of The Art
PublicationPoroelastic Road Surfaces (PERS) constitute a specific group of pavements containing a great amount of crumbled rubber. In most cases rubber aggregate constitutes about 20% of the mixture (by weight) and a polyurethane resin is used as a binder. As a result, PERS is characterized by a much higher elasticity than asphalt and a high porosity typical for drainage pavements. Due to this, tire/road noise is greatly reduced and on top...
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Biological hazards in low noise, poroelastic road surfaces
PublicationDrainage pavements as well as poroelastic pavements ("PERS") are a very efficient way to decrease traffic noise by reducing tire/road noise at the source as well as noise propagation over the road surface. Many noise generating mechanisms at the tire/road interface are very much reduced by road porosity (pipe resonance, "air pumping", Helmholtz resonance and the horn effect). A well-designed porous or poroelastic road surface may...
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CGO as a barrier layer between LSCF electrodes and YSZ electrolyte fabricated by spray pyrolysis for solid oxide fuel cells
PublicationPerovskite La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 − δ (LSCF) is often used as a cathode material for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) due to high mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and good catalytic activity. Unfortunately, sintering of the LSCF cathode together with the yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte, leads to formation of the La2Zr2O7 and SrZrO3 phases in the interface. These phases increase the resistance of the cell. To avoid...
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Determinants and effects of Poland’s road accidents in the context of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development – poviat level analysis for the years 2010-2019
PublicationThe objective of the research was to assess how selected factors influence road safety in Poland’s poviats. To that end, an analysis was conducted of road accident determinants and effects in the poviats in the years 2010-2019. The time horizon fits in with Goal 3.6. of Agenda 2030, which is to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020. The article pres-ents the analysis results for the...
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Modernization of the Trailer for Tyre/Road Rolling Resistance Measurements
PublicationIn the article the ways of defining tyre rolling resistance are presented. The advantages of the laboratory tests of tyre/road rolling resistance and the advantages and disadvantages of on the road tyre/road rolling resistance tests are described. The description of the special trailer used for tyre/road rolling resistance measurements designed and constructed in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Gdansk University of Technology,...
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The two ring road complexes of Gdansk
PublicationThe urban structure of Gdańsk city centre is determined by two ring road complexes. The first of them, the Gdańsk Ring, has been designed by Hermann Josef Stübben as a result of a defortification at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This new modern zone of the city centre was destroyed like the rest of Gdańsk in the end of World War Two and had not been reconstructed as a result of de-Germanization of the Recovered Territories....
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Temperature influence on tyre/road noise of selected tyres
PublicationAir and road temperatures substantially affect road vehicle noise emission. The temperature influence on tyre/road noise depends mainly on tyre-road combination. It is different for dense and porous pavements, for bituminous and cement ones. It differs also depending on tyres. The correction procedures for temperature effect are still under consideration and preparation. Tyre/road noise measurements using CPX method were performed...
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HEALTH SAFETY OF BREAD IN SMALL BAKERIES
PublicationThe aim of the article is to present the safety and health risks in the production process of bread, supported by research in small bakeries located in the Pomeranian Voivodeship. Health safety of bread is one of the features that decide its quality. This article additionally presents other determinants influencing the quality of bread. It also demonstrates opinions showing food safety as a separate attribute of quality. The paper...
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Pavement ageing influence on tyre/road noise
PublicationRoad surface should be constructed in a way that ensures safe and comfortable traffic conditions, not only when it is newly paved but also during its entire lifetime. An important factor in the asphalt mixture design process is also the expected pavement durability and stability of pavement properties over time. In many countries, road surface starts to play a significant role in traffic noise reduction actions. Selecting a particular...
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Spectroscopic Study of Plasma Polymerized a-C:H Films Deposited by a Dielectric Barrier Discharge
PublicationPlasma polymerized a-C:H thin films have been deposited on Si (100) and aluminum coated glass substrates by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) operated at medium pressure using C2Hm/Ar (m = 2, 4, 6) gas mixtures. The deposited films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FT-IRRAS), Raman spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. FT-IRRAS revealed the presence of sp3 and sp2 C–H stretching and...
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Planning of the green road system as an element of spatial management in suburbs and small towns
PublicationThe premise for the development of sustainable forms of road infrastructure in small towns is the appropriate plan at an early stage or modifi cation in the case of existing spaces. A multi-directional approach is extremely important, which takes into account the specifi city of the regional (country) road system, availability, and capacity of traffi c network, but also social and environmental factors. Effi cient management...
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Detection of Water on Road Surface with Acoustic Vector Sensor
PublicationThis paper presents a new approach to detecting the presence of water on a road surface, employing an acoustic vector sensor. The proposed method is based on sound intensity analysis in the frequency domain. Acoustic events, representing road vehicles, are detected in the sound intensity signals. The direction of the incoming sound is calculated for the individual spectral components of the intensity signal, and the components...
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The role of observatories in the integrated transport safety systems
PublicationAccurate knowledge about the causes, circumstances and place of transport accidents is the prerequisite to take the correct action to improve transport safety. Developing appropriate organizational structures, forms and methods of management and implementation of safety measures in the sectoral approach condition the success. Therefore, the Safety Information System is one of the integral areas of the Integrated Transport Safety...
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Functional safety and human factors
PublicationRozdział przedstawia istotny problem uwzględnienia czynników ludzkich (H&OF) w analizie bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego, które wpływają istotnie na bezpieczeństwo przemysłowych obiektów podwyższonego ryzyka, nie ujęty jednak w normach bezpieczeństwa funkcjonalnego. Przedstawia się metody analizy niezawodności człowieka (HRA) w kontekście tych czynników, które wpływają na błędy człowieka. Czynniki ludzkie i organizacyjne powinny być...
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Integrated functional safety and cyber security analysis
PublicationThe chapter is devoted some important issues of the functional safety analysis, in particular the safety integrity level (SIL) verification of safety functions to be implemented within the distributed control and protection systems with regard to security aspects. A method based on quantitative and qualitative information is proposed for the SIL (IEC 61508, 61511) verification with regard of the evaluation assurance levels (EAL)...
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Monitoring system of the road embankment
PublicationThe paper presents the monitoring system of the embankment supported on concrete columns and overlaid by a load transfer platform (LTP) with the embedded steel grid. This field investigation was to study the complex inter-action between the columns, the LTP layer, and steel reinforcement via full-scale in situ measurements during erection of the embankment. The study was focused on the behaviour of steel reinforcement and the behaviour...
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Temperature influence on tire/road noise evaluated by the drum method
PublicationAmbient air and road surface temperatures substantially affect the road vehicle noise emission. The temperature influence on tire/road noise depends mainly on tire-road combination. It is different for dense and porous pavements, for bituminous and cement ones. It differs also depending on tires. The correction procedures for temperature effect are still under consideration and preparation. Laboratory experiment was prepared to...
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Determination of the Bending Properties of Wire Rope Used in Cable Barrier Systems
PublicationThis paper presents research on the bending properties of 3 × 7 19-mm wire rope commonly used in road cable barriers. A total of 19 experimental tests were conducted. In addition, two nonlinear 3D numerical models of the wire rope using beam and solid finite elements were developed. Based on these models, four numerical simulations were carried out. The numerical results were validated against the experimental ones and a very good...