Filters
total: 244
filtered: 172
Search results for: VEHICULAR%20ROADS
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Identification of transition curves in vehicular roads and railways
PublicationIn the paper attention is focused on the necessity to systematize the procedure for determining the shape of transition curves used in vehicular roads and railway routes. There has been presented a universal method of identifying curvature in transition curves by using differential equations. Curvature equations for such known forms of transition curves as clothoid, quartic parabola, the Bloss curve, cosinusoid and sinusoid, have...
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Vehicular Communication Environments
PublicationCommunication to and between road vehicles (cars, truck, buses, trains, etc.) are of growing interest. This is partly due to the attractive services that cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITSs) provides, mainly in the areas of traffic safety and traffic efficiency. An enabler for C-ITS is wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, collectively referred to as vehicle-to-X (V2X)...
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Cooperative Data Transmission in Wireless Vehicular Networks
PublicationThe paper presents issues related to the cooperative transmission in wireless vehicular networks. Cooperative transmission involves the use of mobile terminals as relay stations to improve the transmission quality, improve network performance and reduce energy consumption. The paper presents the methods used to implement cooperative transmission and the types of cooperative networks.
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A Survey of Vehicular Network Systems for Road Traffic Management
PublicationIn this survey, we analyze the proposals of vehicular communication systems in the context of road traffic management. Starting with the definition of communications between vehicles (V2V), vehicles-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicles-to-everything (V2X), we first focus on the requirements and current standards for the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), including the maximum communication delay, the communication range and the...
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Deep Learning-Based Intrusion System for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
PublicationThe increasing use of the Internet with vehicles has made travel more convenient. However, hackers can attack intelligent vehicles through various technical loopholes, resulting in a range of security issues. Due to these security issues, the safety protection technology of the in-vehicle system has become a focus of research. Using the advanced autoencoder network and recurrent neural network in deep learning, we investigated...
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Numerical Modeling and Simulation of Vehicular Crashes into Three-Bar Metal Bridge Rail
PublicationAdvanced finite element (FE) modeling and simulations were performed on vehicular crashes into a three-bar metal bridge rail (TMBR). The FE models of a sedan, a pickup truck, and a TMBR section were adopted in the crash simulations subject to Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) Test Level 2 (TL-2) and Test Level 3 (TL-3) requirements. The test vehicle models were first validated using full-scale physical crash tests conducted...
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ON ESTIMATION OF OCCUPANT SAFETY IN VEHICULAR CRASHES INTO ROADSIDE OBSTACLES USING NON-LINEAR DYNAMIC ANALYSIS
PublicationThe article describes a comparison of two general methods of occupants safety estimation based on a numerical examples. The so-called direct method is mainly based on the Head Injury Criterion of a crash test dummy in a vehicle with passive safety system while the indirect method uses a European standards approach to estimate impact severity level. Numerical simulations in LS-DYNA have been conducted.
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Roads unsafety - social costs
PublicationThe condition of road safety has a significant impact on the quality of citizens' life. Yearly, one in a hundred families in Poland suffers because of road accidents. It is affected by them not only in material terms but first and foremost in moral terms. Road accidents are one of the main causes of degradation in the quality of life. In Poland we hardly know anything about the fate of the road traffic victims, their life problems...
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Road safety strategy on national roads
PublicationMimo podejmowanych wielu działań w zakresie brd na sieci dróg krajowych w Polsce, rezultaty są dalekie od oczekiwań i zadań postawionych przez Krajowy Program BRD GAMBIT 2005. Można by to tłumaczyć dużym przyrostem liczby pojazdów i wzrostem pracy przewozowej szczególnie na drogach krajowych. Ale porównanie ryzyka występującego na sieci dróg krajowych w Polsce do ryzyka występującego na drogach krajowych najbliższych krajów europejskich...
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Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads
PublicationAccording to the UN, road safety is the key to achieving sustainable development goals, yet the complexity of how road accidents happen makes this a difficult challenge leaving many countries struggling with the problem. For years, Poland has infamously been one of the EU’s top countries for road-accident fatality rates. Despite that, it has made significant progress in the last thirty years with a fatality reduction of more than...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublicationConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublicationConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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An analysis of valuation principles of the properties intended for public roads
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Roads to the development of improved pertussis vaccines paved by immunology
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Risks associated with the transportation of hazardous materials on public roads
PublicationA significant proportion of the transport of hazardous materials is carried out on public roads. Therefore, the safety of such transport is becoming increasingly important. Every catastrophe involving hazardous materials has a negative impact on direct road users and the surrounding environment, becauses its range is mostly not local. It follows that in the event of such catastrophe, its effects should be minimized. This is possible...
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Driver Fatigue and Road Safety on Poland's National Roads
PublicationThis paper presents an overview of factors causing driver fatigue as described in the literature. Next, a traffic crash database for 2003–2007 is used to identify the causes, circumstances and consequences of accidents caused by driver fatigue on Poland’s national roads. The results of the study were used to build a model showing the relationship between the concentration of road accidents and casualties, and the time of day. Finally,...
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Driver Fatigue and Road Safety on Poland’s National Roads
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Mobile satellite measurements in designing and exploitation of rail roads
PublicationThe article presents a summary of several years (2009-2015) of studies on the application of mobile satellite Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) measurements in the field of designing and operation of railways. These studies have been conducted by an interdisciplinary research team from the Gdansk University of Technology and the Gdynia Maritime University. Mobile satellite GNSS measurements are taken during a ride (through...
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The Study of Geometry of the Selected Transition Curves in the Design of Circular Roads
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Construction of Public Roads at the Meeting Point of Different Legislation Systems
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Analysis of Factors Influencing the Density of Fatalities on National Roads in Poland
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Transition curve with smoothed curvature at its ends for railway roads
PublicationIn the paper, in view of a railway ballasted track, a new concept of transition curve of linear form of curvature along its length and smoothed extreme regions is presented. For this purpose use has been made of an original, universal method for identifying transition curves by means of differential equations. Some general curvature equations for three regions investigated have been determined to be followed by appropriate parametric...
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State of Development of Intelligent Transport Systems Services on National Roads in Poland
PublicationIn recent years we can see intensifying implementation of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) measures in Polish cities and on national roads. The architecture of the National Traffic Management System (KSZR) will enable the implementation of a uniform, integrated and intelligent ICT system to launch ITS systems that are the most important for drivers and the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA). This paper...
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Analysis and design improvement of high class roads’ arched sections in Poland
PublicationAlthough Polish road network standards, in particular higher classes of roads are improving dynamically the number of fatalities on the network is still higher that EU’s average. Ensuring road safety and high maintaining standards is a complex issue and one that poses a major challenge for all road authorities. Road accidents at high speed roads characterize specially serious material and social consequences, thus research into...
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Speed management on local government managed roads – research, recommendations and guidelines
PublicationCommissioned by the National Road Safety Council Secretariat, the project “Guidelines for speed management on local government managed roads” studied car driver be haviour when subjected to selected speed management measures such a local speed restrictions, surveillance, traffic calming and restricted speed areas. In addition, analyses were conducted on the impact of selected me asures...
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Pedestrian Safety at Midblock Crossings on Dual Carriageway Roads in Polish Cities
PublicationRoad crossings across two or more lanes in one direction are particularly dangerous due to limited sight distance and high vehicle speeds. To improve their safety, road authorities should provide safety treatments. These may include additional measures to reduce speed and narrow the road cross-section and the introduction of active pedestrian crossings. Equipped with flashing lights activated automatically when a pedestrian is...
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Perturbation of cellular functions by topoisomerase II inhibitors: all roads lead to cell death?
PublicationPraca przeglądowa opisuje jakie funkcje mogą ulec zahamowaniu/zmianie pod wpływem działania inhibitorów topoizomerazy typu II w komórkach nowotworowych. W szczególności dyskutujemy jakie zmiany w szlakach sygnalizacji wewnątrzkomórkowej mogą prowadzić do zahamowania wzrostu oraz indukcji różnych rodzajów śmierci komórkowej i czy rodzaj śmierci komórkowej może decydować o skuteczności leków przeciwnowotoworowych, które hamują aktywność...
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Fees For Advertisements In The Right-Of-Ways Of Public Roads Incurred By A Given Bank Brand In Poland
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Roads safety programmes as an effective tool for developing system-based road safety policies
PublicationW sytuacji niskiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego w Polsce, dążąc do realizacji rekomendacji Unii Europejskiej, Polska przyjęła ambitny cel zmniejszenia liczby ofiar śmiertelnych wypadków drogowych o 50% w okresie 2003-2013. Osiągnięcie tego celu wymaga podjęcia skoordynowanych działań wskazanych we wcześniej przygotowanych programach bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego. W artykule scharakteryzowano przyjęte w tych programach...
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Contamination of runoff waters from roads with high traffic intensity in the urban region of Gdańsk, Poland
PublicationW ramach pracy prowadzone były badania zanieczyszczeń w próbkach wód spływnych z arterii komunikacyjnych. Próbki pobierano z sześciu stałych punktów zlokalizowanych wzdłuż szlaku komunikacyjnego prowadzącego z Redy do Gdańska (z miejsc o dużym natężeniu ruchu pojazdów) oraz z ulicy M. Buczka w Redzie (o mniejszym natężeniu ruchu). Próbki pobierane były przez okres dwóch miesięcy (okres deszczów jesiennych: 24.10 - 18.12.2000) oraz...
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On analysis of double-impact test of 1500-kg vehicle into w-beam guardrail system
PublicationEvery day on roads many scenarios of accidents may occur. One of the measures to minimize their consequences is road safety barriers. Finite Element analyses are being increasingly used to support the physical testing of these devices. The paper addresses the issue of a secondary impact into the previously damaged w-beam guardrail system. This situation belongs to one of the most dangerous which can happen on roads and may cause...
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Zasady nabywania gruntów pod drogi publiczne w Polsce / The principles of land acquisition for public roads in Poland
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Field investigation of low-temperature cracking and stiffness moduli on selected roads with conventional and high modulus asphalt concrete
PublicationHigh Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) was introduced in Poland as a one of the solutions to the problem of rutting, type of deterioration common in the 1990s. After first encouraging trials in 2002 HMAC was widely used for heavily loaded national roads and motorways. However some concerns were raised about low-temperature cracking of HMAC. This was the main reason of the studies presented in this article were started. The article...
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A taxonomy of challenges to resilient message dissemination in VANETs
PublicationInter-vehicular communications is seen as a promising solution to a number of issues related with public road safety, road congestion management, and infotainment. However, Vehicular Ad-hoc NETworks (VANETs) characterized by high mobility of vehicles and facing a number of other issues related with high frequency wireless communications and network disconnections, encounter major challenges related with reliability of message delivery....
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Determination of modifier contents in polymer-modified bitumens and in samples collected from the roads using high performance gel permeation/size exclusion chromatography
PublicationThis paper describes application of high performance gel permeation/size exclusion chromatography (HP-GPC/SEC) for the determination of content of polymer modifiers in modified road bitumens. The obtained results were compared with the measurements based on the procedure recommended by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials, which employs Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy (mid-IR FTIR)....
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Resilient Routing in Communication Networks
PublicationThis important text/reference addresses the latest issues in end-to-end resilient routing in communication networks. The work highlights the main causes of failures of network nodes and links, and presents an overview of resilient routing mechanisms, covering issues related to the Future Internet (FI), wireless mesh networks (WMNs), and vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs). For each of these network architectures, a selection of...
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Analysis of factors influencing the density of fatalities on national roads in poland = Analiza czynników wpływających na gęstość ofiar śmiertelnych na drogach krajowych w Polsce
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono doświadczenia innych krajów i wstępne wyniki badań wpływu wybranych czynników na gęstość i liczbę ofiar śmiertelnych wypadków drogowych na drogach krajowych w Polsce.
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Fading Modeling in Maritime Container Terminal Environments
PublicationIn this paper, an analytical model for slow and fast fading effects in maritime container terminals is derived, from fitting distributions to the results of measurements performed in an actual operational environment. The proposed model is composed of a set of equations, enabling to evaluate fading statistical distribution parameters for different system and environments conditions, as a function of frequency, base station antenna...
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An Empirical Propagation Model for Mobile Radio Links in Container Terminal Environment
PublicationIn this paper, a novel empirical propagation model for mobile radio links in a container terminal environment is presented. Measurement propagation research carried out in the Deepwater Container Terminal (DCT) in Gdańsk, Poland is described, and the investigated environment is characterized. The results of the statistical evaluation of the new model are discussed. In addition, statistical tuning of the Walfisch–Ikegami model for...
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LLA : A New Anypath Routing Scheme Providing Long Path Lifetime in VANETs
PublicationVehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are a promising solution to improve the road traffic safety, reduce the environmental pollution, or simply provide the on-board infotainment services. However, these actions are often not possible due to high mobility of vehicles causing frequent failures of VANET links. In this paper, we focus on anypath routing to improve the reliability of multihop VANET communications. In particular, the paper...
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Pedestrian and bicycle bridges as examples of safe collision-free road crossings
PublicationPedestrians are most at risk when they are crossing the road. This represents a significant proportion of all fatalities among pedestrians, amounting respectively to 50% in non-built-up areas and 75% in built-up areas. The most frequent reason for this accident is failure to give way. What is most terrible is that 30% of pedestrian accidents occurred at marked pedestrian crossings. Therefore, an important part of pedestrian safety...
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RSS-Based DoA Estimation in 802.11p Frequency Band Using ESPAR Antenna and PPCC-MCP Method
PublicationIn this paper, the concept of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation using electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna designed to operate in IEEE 802.11p vehicular communication standard has been investigated with respect to different possible elevation angles of a radio frequency (RF) signal impinging the antenna. To this end, two different possible sets of the 3D antenna radiation patterns have been used...
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Design of Resilient Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Systems
PublicationVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have recently gained noticeable attention due to advantages in improving road traffic safety, shaping the road traffic and providing infotainment opportunities to travellers. However, transmission characteristics following from the IEEE 802.11p standard and the high mobility of VANET nodes remarkably reduce the lifetime, reach and capacity of wireless links, and often lead to simultaneous disruptions...
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IoT protocols, architectures, and applications
PublicationThe proliferation of embedded systems, wireless technologies, and Internet protocols have enabled the IoT to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world enabling the monitoring and control of the environment by data processing systems. IoT refers to the inter-networking of everyday objects that are equipped with sensing, computation, and communication capabilities. These networks can collaboratively interact and perform...
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Searching for road deformations using mobile laser scanning
PublicationMillions of people use roads every day all over the world. Roads, like many other structures, have an estimated durability. In Poland a lot of the roads were built at the turn of the 20th and 21st c., especially for light cars. Many of these roads carry traffic and heavy goods vehicles which were not predicted when the traffic was first estimated. It creates a lot of problems with technical conditions and the infrastructure must...
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Przegląd systemów ładowania elektrycznych osobowych pojazdów i koncepcja dwukierunkowej ładowarki pokładowej
PublicationAktualnie trwa intensywny rozwój pojazdów elektrycznych (EV) i hybrydowych typu plug-in (PHEV) z pokładowymi bateriami akumulatorów. Badania w tej dziedzinie skupiają się na maksymalizowaniu sprawności oraz minimalizowaniu masy i objętości systemów ładowania baterii. W artykule przedstawiono podział systemów ładowania osobowych pojazdów typu EV/PHEV. Opisano systemy ładowania przewodowego z podziałem na ładowarki pokładowe i zewnętrzne, systemy...
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The influence of position of the post or its absence on the performance of the cable barrier system
PublicationRoad safety barriers are used to increase safety in potentially dangerous places on the roads. They are designed and installed on the roads to prevent any vehicle from getting outside the travelled way or from entering the opposite lane of the road. Barriers, which are used on European roads, have to undergo full scale crash tests according to the EN 1317 standards. Nowadays as a supplement to real crash tests, numerical simulations...
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Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development
PublicationIntegrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade...
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Development of the New Polish Method for Capacity Analysis of Motorways and Expressways
PublicationThe paper presents development of the new Polish method for performing capacity analysis of basic segments of dual carriageway roads (motorways and expressways). The method is based on field traffic surveys conducted at 30 motorway and expressway sites (class A and S roads) in Poland. Traffic flows, composition and travel times were observed in 15-min intervals at each site using ANPR filming method. These data were used to calibrate...
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Numerical studies on the influence of selected construction features and road conditions on the performance of road cable barriers
PublicationCable barriers are commonly used on Polish roads, including motorways and local roads. Their main elements are pre-stressed wire ropes, which are usually anchored at two ends in concrete blocks buried in the soil. In this work numerical studies concerning the influence of selected construction features and parameters of the vehicle motion on the performance of cable barriers were performed. Numerical simulations are a useful tool...