Search results for: HUMAN EYE
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Two-photon perimetry utilizing picosecond laser
PublicationAge-related impairments are becoming more and more severe for aging societies. The sensory organ diseases are particularly troublesome as they exclude seniors from their everyday activity. Therefore, maintaining good quality eyesight is essential for normal functioning. New medical therapies help restrain age-related changes, but still, monitoring is essential to the treatment process. Humans do not have the natural ability to...
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Biometryczna kontrola dostępu
PublicationOpisano szczegółowo algorytm detekcji oraz identyfikacji człowieka na podstawie punktów nodalnych twarzy. Zdefiniowano pojęcia: biometria, proces pomiaru biometrycznego, metody biometrycznej identyfikacji oraz kontrola dostępu. Przedstawiono opis opracowanego systemu biometrycznej identyfikacji wykorzystującego sztuczne sieci neuronowe. Podano wyniki badań oraz przeprowadzono ich wnikliwą dyskusję.Biometrics is the study of automated...
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Digital Fingerprinting Based on Quaternion Encryption Scheme for Gray-Tone Images
PublicationIn this paper a new idea of digital images fingerprinting is proposed. The method is based on quaternion encryption in the Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) mode. Quaternion sare hyper-complex numbers of rank 4 and thus often applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. The encryption algorithm described in the paper is designed for gray-tone images but can easily be adopted for color ones. For the encryption purpose, the algorithm...
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Pupil detection supported by Haar feature based cascade classifier for two-photon vision examinations
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to present a novel method, called Adaptive Edge Detection (AED), of extraction of precise pupil edge coordinates from eye image characterized by reflections of external illuminators and laser beams. The method is used for monitoring of pupil size and position during psychophysical tests of two-photon vision performed by dedicated optical set-up. Two-photon vision is a new phenomenon of perception of short-pulsed...
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Marta Rusnak, Marta Szmigiel, Malwina Geniusz, Zofia Koszewicz, Monika Magdziak-Tokłowicz, Exploring the impact of cultural context on eye-tracking studies of architectural monuments in selected European cities: Sustainable heritage management.
PublicationSustainable management of architectural heritage requires conducting an inclusive diagnosis of users' opinions, considering both residents and tourists as the recipients of urban space. Given the cultural diversity within these groups, proposing the use of eye-trackers (ET) as an alternative to traditional public consultation prompts the need to assess the method's advantages and disadvantages. It remains uncertain whether individuals...
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Toward Robust Pedestrian Detection With Data Augmentation
PublicationIn this article, the problem of creating a safe pedestrian detection model that can operate in the real world is tackled. While recent advances have led to significantly improved detection accuracy on various benchmarks, existing deep learning models are vulnerable to invisible to the human eye changes in the input image which raises concerns about its safety. A popular and simple technique for improving robustness is using data...
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Digital fingerprinting for color images based on the quaternion encryption scheme
PublicationIn this paper we present a new quaternion-based encryption technique for color images. In the proposed encryption method, images are written as quaternions and are rotated in a three-dimensional space around another quaternion, which is an encryption key. The encryption process uses the cipher block chaining (CBC) mode. Further, this paper shows that our encryption algorithm enables digital fingerprinting as an additional feature....
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Localization and Orientation of Xanthophylls in a Lipid Bilayer
PublicationXanthophylls (polar carotenoids) play diverse biological roles, among which are modulation of the physical properties of lipid membranes and protection of biomembranes against oxidative damage. Molecular mechanisms underlying these functions are intimately related to the localization and orientation of xanthophyll molecules in lipid membranes. In the present work, we address the problem of localization and orientation of two xanthophylls...
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Application of Shape From Shading Technique for Side Scan Sonar Images
PublicationSide scan sonar (SSS) is one of the most widely used imaging systems in the underwater environment. It is relatively cheap and easy to deploy in comparison with more powerful sensors like multibeam echosounder or synthetic aperture sonar. Although, the SSS does not provide directly the seafloor bathymetry measurements. Its outputs are usually in a form of grey level acoustic images of seafloor. However, the analysis of such images...
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Self-standing Nanoarchitectures
PublicationDespite there are structures invisible for the human eye, they mastered the world of advanced electronic devices, sensors, novel cosmetics or drugs. When the dimensions of the materials go down to the nanometres scale, their properties change dramatically comparing to the observable objects. Because of their tiny size, they gained the name of nanomaterials but simultaneously their importance has significantly grown up. Nanomaterials...
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Klasyfikacja sygnału EKG przy użyciu konwolucyjnych sieci neuronowych
PublicationAutomation and improvement of diagnostic process is a vital element of medicine development and patient’s condition self-control. For a long time different ECG signal classification methods exist and are successfully applied, nevertheless their accuracy is not always satisfying enough. The lack of identification of an existing abnormality, which is very similar to a normal heartbeat is the biggest issue - for example premature...
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Klasyfikacja sygnału EKG przy użyciu konwolucyjnych sieci neuronowych
PublicationAutomation and improvement of diagnostic process is a vital element of medicine development and patient’s condition self-control. For a long time different ECG signal classification methods exist and are successfully applied, nevertheless their accuracy is not always satisfying enough. The lack of identification of an existing abnormality, which is very similar to a normal heartbeat is the biggest issue - for example premature...
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3D seafloor reconstruction using data from side scan and synthetic aperture sonar
PublicationSide scan and synthetic aperture sonars are widely used imaging systems in the underwater environment. They are relatively cheap and easy to deploy, in comparison with more powerful sensors, like multibeam echosounders. Although side scan and synthetic aperture sonars does not provide seafloor bathymetry directly, their records are finally related to seafloor images. Moreover, the analysis of such images performed by human eye...
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Journey towards light – evolutionary adaptations of humans, flora and fauna. Guidelines for safe and healthy illumination
PublicationThe paper examines using relatively recent discoveries on how evolution has embedded within all living organisms a natural sensitivity towards their native environment, in particular luminance levels and specific wavelengths of light. The studies conducted so far indicate that lighting installations that are visible after dark impact on humans, flora and fauna and influence our evolutionary dispositions, possibly with negative...
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EMG and gaze based interaction with graphic interface of smart glasses application
PublicationIn this paper we investigate the effectiveness of the interaction using eye tracking and electromyography. Smart glasses requires reliable interfaces for controlling the graphic content displayed directly in front of the user's eye. Presented research is related with the eGlasses project, which is focused on the development of an open platform in the form of multisensory electronic glasses and related interaction methods. One of...
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Solid state versus fiber picosecond infrared lasers applied to two-photon vision tests
PublicationDevelopment of new microperimetric tools dedicated for imaging of early functional changes in the retina may help in the monitoring of various ocular diseases progression e.g. Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Recently described two-photon vision may be applied to microperimetric devices. Many subjects with well-known disease history could be investigated with newly developed instrumentation that tests ability of human eye to perceive...
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Comparison of developed gaze point estimation methods
PublicationThis paper presents the software part of an inexpensive hands-free eye tracking system. The system works using infrared illumination like most of the available eye trackers. Two methods allowing estimation the gaze point on computer screen are compared. Research on effectiveness of these methods is discussed and the better one is indicated.
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Using deep learning to increase accuracy of gaze controlled prosthetic arm
PublicationThis paper presents how neural networks can be utilized to improve the accuracy of reach and grab functionality of hybrid prosthetic arm with eye tracing interface. The LSTM based Autoencoder was introduced to overcome the problem of lack of accuracy of the gaze tracking modality in this hybrid interface. The gaze based interaction strongly depends on the eye tracking hardware. In this paper it was presented how the overall the...
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Septic safe interactions with smart glasses in health care
PublicationIn this paper, septic safe methods of interaction with smart glasses, due to the health care environment applications consideration, are presented. The main focus is on capabilities of an optical, proximity-based gesture sensor and eye-tracker input systems. The design of both interfaces is being adapted to the open smart glasses platform that is being developed under the eGlasses project. Preliminary results obtained from the...
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Head movement compensation algorithm in multi-display communication by gaze
PublicationAn influence of head movements on the gaze estimation accuracy when using a head mounted eye tracking system is discussed in the paper. This issue has been examined for a multi-display environment. It was found that head movement (rotation) to some extent does not influence on the gaze estimation accuracy seriously. Acceptable results were obtained when using eye-tracker to communicate with a computer via in two displays simultaneously.
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Orbital blowout trauma occurring at the workplace – clinical, biomechanical and legal aspects
PublicationIntroduction and objective: Craniofacial injury at the workplace may lead to orbital blowout fractures. The aim of the study is the development of own numerical model of the eye orbit, assessment of the damage zones, and comparing them with clinical examinations. In addition, the current legal status of patients after injuries is presented Material and methods: In laboratory tests performed on bones collected from the upper and...
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Application of adjusted subpixel method (ASM) in HRCT measurements of the bronchi in bronchial asthma patients and healthy individuals
PublicationBackground: Recently, we described a model system which included corrections of high-resolution computedtomography (HRCT) bronchial measurements based on the adjusted subpixel method (ASM).Objective: To verify the clinical application of ASM by comparing bronchial measurements obtained bymeans of the traditional eye-driven method, subpixel method alone and ASM in a group comprised ofbronchial asthma patients and healthy individuals.Methods:...
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Objectivization of Audio-Visual Correlation analysis
PublicationSimultaneous perception of audio and visual stimuli often causes the concealment or misrepresentation of information actually contained in these stimuli. Such effects are called the ''image proximity effect'' or the ''ventriloquism effect'' in literature. Until recently, most research carried out to understand their nature was based on subjective assessments. The Authors of this paper propose a methodology based on both subjective...
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Using wearable device for biomedical signal acquisition and processing
PublicationIn this paper we present the research conducted on synchronous measurements of biosignals. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of estimating vital signs based on eye tracking. Method: The eGlasses platform was used for acquisition of ECG, respiration rate, eye and pupil movement and blood pressure. Data were acquired in three 5 min. intervals during which a subject was performing certain tasks. The signals...
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Investigation of RH effect on uncommon limonene ozonolysis products and SOA formation in indoor air with real time measurement techniques
PublicationScientific interest in SOA influence on indoor air quality increases since last 20 years. It is well known, that particles of nano-sized diameter pose a threat for human health causing, among others: eye, upper airway irritation, inflammatory response in cells, worsening asthma, hypertension, diabetes, and central nervous dysfunction. Terpenes are reactive VOCs, commonly emitted in indoor air and considered to be SOA precursors...
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Visual Attention Distribution Based Assessment of User's Skill in Electronic Medical Record Navigation
PublicationCurrently, the most precise way of reflecting the skills level is an expert’s subjective assessment. In this paper we investigate the possibility of the use of eye tracking data for scalar quantitative and objective assessment of medical staff competency in EMR system navigation. According to the experiment conducted by Yarbus the observation process of particular features is associated with thinking. Moreover, eye tracking is...
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Gaze tracking in multi-display environment
PublicationThis paper presents the basic ideas of eye and gaze tracking in multiple-display environment. The algorithm for display detection and identification is described as well as the rules for gaze interaction in multi display environment. The core of the method is to use special LED markers and eye and scene tracking glasses. Scene tracking camera registers markers position which is then represented as a cloud of points. Analyzing the...
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Performance Analysis of Interaction between Smart Glasses and Smart Objects Using Image-Based Object Identification
PublicationWe propose the use of smart glasses to collaborate with smart objects in the Internet of Things environment. Particularly we are focusing on new interaction methods and the analysis of acceptable reaction times in the process of object recognition using smart glasses. We evaluated the proposed method using user studies and experiments with three different smart glasses: Google Glass, Epson Moverio, and the developed eGlasses platform....
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Exemplary AFM application in cosmetology
Open Research DataAtomic force microscopy can be used in the diagnosis of the condition of human tissues such as skin, nails and hair. This is obviously related to the use of a variety of cosmetic products and can be understood as an attempt to assess their long-term impact on human appearance and health. An example may be the studies presented in [1] indicating the...
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Determination of mechanical properties of human stomach tissues subjected to uniaxial stretching
Open Research DataThe aim of the study was to determine the biomechanical properties of the walls of the human stomach. The samples were fragments of the human stomach obtained after sleeve gastrectomy. Samples cut parallel to the stomach curves and perpendicular to the stomach curves were tested in each series. All samples were subjected to uniaxial stretching. During...
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Feature extraction in detection and recognition of graphical objects
PublicationDetection and recognition of graphic objects in images are of great and growing importance in many areas, such as medical and industrial diagnostics, control systems in automation and robotics, or various types of security systems, including biometric security systems related to the recognition of the face or iris of the eye. In addition, there are all systems that facilitate the personal life of the blind people, visually impaired...
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The short-term flicker severity level measured in the industrial power system supplying the rolling mill motors
Open Research DataThe dataset presents a short-term flicker severity level measured on the bus bars of the main switchgear of the industrial power network for the supply of rolling mills. The data were obtained during an experiment whose purpose was to determine a level of short-term and long-term flicker caused by voltage fluctuations. In the virtual application of...
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Face Recognition: Shape versus Texture
PublicationThis paper describes experiments related to the application of well-known techniques of the texture feature extraction (Local Binary Patterns and Gabor filtering) to the problem of automatic face verification. Results of the tests show that simple image normalization strategy based on the eye center detection and a regular grid of fiducial points outperforms the more complicated approach, employing active models that are able to...
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Synthesis and properties of new 'N,'N-phenyltetrazole podand
PublicationThe synthesis of a new chromogenic N,N-phenyltetrazole receptor is reported here. The cationbinding properties of this receptor in solution were investigated by naked-eye colour change, electrochemical methods and UV-Vis spectroscopy in various solvents (CH3CN, dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO), DMSO/H2O, CH3CN/H2O and CH3CN/MeOH). In addition, the receptor was used as a sensing material in ion-selective membrane electrodes. The selectivity...
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Very low resolution depth images of 200,000 poses
Open Research DataA dataset represents simulated images of depth sensor seeing a single human pose, performing 200,000 random gestures. The depth images as vectors of pixels are stored with ground truth positions of every relevant joint.
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Hemocompatibility of nanocrystalline diamond layers
Open Research DataThe biocompatibility of the diamond films were investigated with whole human blood samples. Blood used in this study was drawn from 10 healthy human patients of different age, sex, and blood group. A 2 ml samples were collected into standard tubes with EDTA anticoagulation agent. Blood was used within 6 hours from the collection time. A reference blood...
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Square Root Raised Cosine Fractionally Delaying Nyquist Filter - Design and Performance Evaluation
PublicationIn this paper we propose a discrete-time FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filter which is applied as a square root Nyquist filter and fractional delay filter simultaneously. The filter enables to substitute for a cascade of square root Nyquist filter and fractional delay filter in one device/algorithm. The aim is to compensate for transmission delay in digital communication system. Performance of the filter as a matched filter is...
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New Aspects of Virtual Sound Source Localization Research—Impact of Visual Angle and 3-D Video Content on Sound Perception
PublicationThe influence of image on virtual sound source localization, called the “image proximity effect” or the “ventriloquism effect”, is a well known phenomenon. This paper focuses on other aspects related to this effect, namely the impact of the visual angle of the presented object and 3D video content on sound perception. The research conducted confirmed that the visual angle of the presented object determines the image proximity effect...
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Exploring the technological dimension of Autonomous sensory meridian response-induced physiological responses
PublicationBackground In recent years, the scientific community has been captivated by the intriguing Autonomous sensory meridian response (ASMR), a unique phenomenon characterized by tingling sensations originating from the scalp and propagating down the spine. While anecdotal evidence suggests the therapeutic potential of ASMR, the field has witnessed a surge of scientific interest, particularly through the use of neuroimaging techniques...
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TRNA-Leu (UUR) gene haplotypes observed in canine mammary gland tumours and its deleterious effect assessment according to the comparative analysis with TRNL1 human gene
Open Research DataThe aetiology and pathogenesis of many canine tumours are likely to be similar to cancers found in humans. This study aimed to present a plausible link between changes in tRNA-Leu (UUR) gene and the carcinogenesis process in dogs with mammary gland tumours. The whole mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) isolated from blood and tumour tissues of 13 dogs with malig-nant...
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Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) determination of selected human topoisomerase II alpha and bacterial DNA gyrase inhibitors against fungal strains
Open Research DataThe datasets contain the results of determining the MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) value of known compounds* (inhibitors of human topoisomerase II alpha and bacterial DNA gyrase) against C. albicans SC5314, C. glabrata ATCC 90030, C. krusei ATCC 6258 and C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9763 by the modified M27-A3...
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Driver’s Condition Detection System Using Multimodal Imaging and Machine Learning Algorithms
PublicationTo this day, driver fatigue remains one of the most significant causes of road accidents. In this paper, a novel way of detecting and monitoring a driver’s physical state has been proposed. The goal of the system was to make use of multimodal imaging from RGB and thermal cameras working simultaneously to monitor the driver’s current condition. A custom dataset was created consisting of thermal and RGB video samples. Acquired data...
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Reduced Graphene Oxide Joins Graphene Oxide To Teach Undergraduate Students Core Chemistry and Nanotechnology Concepts
PublicationNovel carbon nanomaterials such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and graphene oxide (GO) can be easily incorporated into the undergraduate curriculum to discuss basic chemistry and nanotechnology concepts. This paper describes a laboratory experiment designed to study the differences between GO and rGO regarding their physico-chemical properties (e.g. color, hydrophobicity, type of functional groups, electrical conductivity etc.)....
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TOPOLOGICAL CLUES FOR PREDICTING OUTCOMES OF MULTIPLAYER ONLINE BATTLE ARENA GAMES
PublicationWith 27 million people playing League of Legends every day, e-sports became more and more important part of our everyday life. Rise of its popularity builds a demand for better understanding e-sports mechanics on a deeper level. In the article, we test a hypothesis that it is possible to predict an outcome of Multiplayer Online Battle Arena game based on topological clues only (such as area of polygon where vertices are players...
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Chromogenic amides of pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid as anion receptors
PublicationThe synthesis of simple, chromogenic pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid amides, derivates of isomeric nitroanilines and aminonitrophenols, and their ion binding properties are described. The ligands' response to ionic species was examined by naked eye and was studied with the use of UV-Vis spectroscopy in DMSO and its mixture with water. The effect of the localisation and the type of the substituents in aromatic rings were discussed....
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Selective detection of F- by chromogenic tetrazole receptor
PublicationA chromogenic anion host 4, containing two amide functionalities linked to azo dye and tetrazole rings was synthesized and its complexes with various anions were investigated. The results show that receptor 4 can recognize selectively biologically important F- ion. The binding affinity for F- was investigated by naked-eye colour change, UV-Vis and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Addition F- ion in CH3CN and DMSO to receptor 4 cause a colour...
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Validation of lumbar spine finite element model
Open Research DataThe functional biomechanics of the lumbar spine have been better understood by finite element method (FEM) simulations. However, there are still areas where the behavior of soft tissues can be better modeled or described in a different way. The purpose of this research is to develop and validate a lumbar spine section intended for biomechanical research....
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Hyperbaric Storage at Subzero Temperature – the Effect on the Shelf-Life and Selected Quality Characteristics of Raw Pork Sausages
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine the microbiological stability and changes occurring in selected physicochemical properties of raw pork sausages during hyperbaric storage at subzero temperature (HS-ST). It was shown that storage at moderate pressures (up to 111 MPa) led to a reduction in microbial populations. After 21 days of storage under these conditions, no microorganisms were detected in the samples. Additionally, the...
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Lighting education for architects, the barriers and challenges: a survey of architecture students
PublicationCreating a well-lit environment requires the understanding of daylight and electric lighting design principles within the built environment. Recent years have brought a large number of new lighting assessment and design methods. The discovery of new photoreceptor cells in the eye - photosensitive retinal ganglion cells - forced lighting researchers to focus on parametrisation for the image forming (IF) and non-image forming (NIF)...
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Open smart glasses development platform for AAL applications
PublicationThis paper describes an open platform for multi sensory electronic glasses that supports new and enhanced methods for intelligent interaction with patients, with smart objects, or to be used as new data input modalities like proximity sensor or smart textile interfaces. All the activities have been developed, investigated and evaluated within EU CHIST-ERA eGlasses project...