Search results for: polyacrylamide hydrogels
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Pressure and temperature effect on hypergolic ignition delay of triglyme-based fuel with hydrogen peroxide
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Experimental determination of critical conditions for hydrogen-air detonation propagation in partially confined geometry
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Effect of wet Hydrogen Sulfide on Carbon Steels Degradation in Refinery Based on Case Study
PublicationMaterial degradation caused by wet hydrogen sulfide (Wet H2S) is one of the major issues in refineries. Carbon steel is the main construction material used in refineries and is subjected not only to thickness loss but the hydrogen is the major concern. H2S leads to high atomic hydrogen penetration in steel which causes degradation in the form of blistering and/or cracking (HIC/SOHIC) and stress cracking in the area of welds and...
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Review of hydrogen production technologies for automotive sector – thermodynamic analysis of energy and exergy losses
PublicationFew recent years has shown that hydrogen technology has a good chance to replace petroleum technology in automotive sector. However, hydrogen in pure form practically does not occur on Earth. That is why H2 form is used only as an energy carrier and it must be produced using another source of energy form water or hydrocarbon fuels. In this paper short overview of hydrogen production technology has been presented, with energy and...
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The effect of pre-hydrogen charging on corrosion behaviour of superduplex stainless steel welded joints
PublicationThe paper presents results of research undertaken to determine the influence of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistance of 2507 super duplex stainless steel welded joints. Butt welded joints were made with low heat input using flux corded arc welding (FCAW) method. Coupons of 5.0 x 5.0 mm were cut from the welded joints containing weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and parent metal (PM). Hydrogen was introduced...
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Preliminary investigations of effect of conditions of FCAW process on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublicationOne of the types of hydrogen degradation of steel welded joints is cold cracking. The direct cause of the formation of cold cracks is simultaneous presence of hydrogen, residual stresses and brittle structure. The way of preventing the occurring of degradation is to eliminate at least one of these factors. Practice has shown that the best solution is to control the amount of hydrogen in deposited metal. In this paper the state...
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Photocatalytic mineralisation of humic acids using TiO2 modified by tungsten dioxide/ hydrogen peroxide
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Pd nanoparticles with tunable diameter deposited on carbon nanotubes with enhanced hydrogen storage capacity
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Crystal structure, hydrogen bonds, and lattice dynamics in kanemite from first-principles calculations
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In situ deposition of Pd nanoparticles with controllable diameters in hollow carbon spheres for hydrogen storage
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Kinetic characterization of hydrogen sulfide inhibition of suspended anammox biomass from a membrane bioreactor
PublicationThe inhibition effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on anammox-enriched biomass from a laboratory membrane reactor were analyzed in a series of batch respirometric experiments. The determined half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 4.67 mg H2S-S L−1 at the constant pH = 7.0 and the total sulfide concentration varying between 1 and 15 mg TS-S L−1. In another test, the IC50 was found to be 4.25 mg H2S-S L−1 under a constant...
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Laboratory bioreactor with pH control system for investigations of hydrogen production in the dark fermentation process
PublicationThe work presents the construction of a low-cost research bioreactor equipped with a pH control sys-tem. The developed bioreactor was applied for hydrogen production in the dark fermentation process using Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048. Presented paper compares the results obtained during the process without and with pH regulation for different feed materials: glucose, energetic poplar hydro-lysates, acid whey and glycerol....
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Effect of the welding environment and storage time of electrodes on the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublicationIn the study the glycerin displacement method was used for determination of diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal. Specimens were welded in the air and in the water with covered rutile electrodes. The first part of the specimens was made immediately after opening the package of the electrodes. The electrodes were then stored in opened packages in laboratory conditions that allowed for contact with the air for three years....
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Conversion of Biomass and Municipal Wastes into Syngas and Hydrogen using Highly Preheated Agent (HTAG)
PublicationGasification is considered to be one of the most promising energy recovery technologies for the widespread utilization of biomass and wastes. During this process raw feedstock is converted into a combustible gas, which can then be burnt to produce thermal energy, or to run engines for mechanical or electrical power. The studies of biomass gasification demonstrate it as a friendly alternative to fossil fuels as one of renewable...
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Hydrogen Production from Energy Poplar Preceded by MEA Pre-Treatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
PublicationThe need to pre-treat lignocellulosic biomass prior to dark fermentation results primarily from the composition of lignocellulose because lignin hinders the processing of hard wood towards useful products. Hence, in this work a two-step approach for the pre-treatment of energy poplar, including alkaline pre-treatment and enzymatic saccharification followed by fermentation has been studied. Monoethanolamine (MEA) was used as the...
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Low-energy electron scattering from molecular hydrogen: Excitation of the X1Σg+ to b3Σu+ transition
PublicationWe present time-of-flight differential cross-section measurements and convergent close-coupling calculations of differential cross sections for the electron-impact excitation of the X 1 g + → b 3 u + transition in molecular hydrogen. A part of this work was recently published [M. Zawadzki et al., Phys. Rev. A 97, 050702(R) (2018)]. In this work, agreement between theory and experiment is excellent overall, and marks a transition...
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Aluminum-TiO2 NPs Composites as Non-precious Catalysts for Efficient Electrochemical Generation of Hydrogen
PublicationIn this paper, we demonstrated, for the first time, aluminum titania nanoparticle (Al-TiO2 NP) composites with variable amounts of TiO2 NPs as nonprecious active catalysts for the electrochemical generation of H2. These materials were synthesized by mixing desired amounts of hydrogen titanate nanotubes (TNTs), fabricated here by a cost-effective approach at moderate hydrothermal conditions, with aluminum powder (purity 99.7%; size...
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Diffusible hydrogen management in underwater wet self-shielded flux cored arc welding
PublicationThis article reports the effect of underwater wet welding parameters and conditions on the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal for welding with a self-shielded flux cored wire. The diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal was determined using the glycerin method according to the Plackett-Burman design determining the significance of the effect of the stick out length, welding current, arc voltage, travel speed...
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Bismuth-Doped Nano Zerovalent Iron: A Novel Catalyst for Chloramphenicol Degradation and Hydrogen Production
PublicationIn this study, we showed that doping bismuth (Bi) at the surface of Fe0 (Bi/Fe0, bimetallic iron system)—synthesized by a simple borohydride reduction method—can considerably accelerate the reductive degradation of chloramphenicol (CHP). At a reaction time of 12 min, 62, 68, 74, 95, and 82% degradation of CHP was achieved with Fe0, Bi/Fe0-1 [1% (w/w) of Bi], Bi/Fe0-3 [3% (w/w) of Bi], Bi/Fe0-5 [5% (w/w) of Bi], and Bi/Fe0-8 [8%...
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Mathematical modeling of hydrogen production performance in thermocatalytic reactor based on the intermetallic phase of Ni3Al
PublicationThe main goal of the following work is to adjust mathematical modelling for mass transfer, to specific conditions resulting from presence of chemical surface reactions in the flow of the mixture consisting of helium and methanol. The thermocatalytic devices used for decomposition of organic compounds incorporate microchannels coupled at the ends and heated to 500 oC at the walls regions. The results of the experiment were compared...
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High temperature air/steam gasification of biomass in view of hydrogen rich gas production.
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia opis nowej i zaawansowanej metody konwersji termochemicznej biomasy i miejskich odpadów stałych w paliwo gazowe, bogate w wodór. W porównaniu z tradycyjnym procesem gazyfikacji, w metodzie tej wykorzystuje się powietrze/parę wodną przegrzane do wysokiej temperatury (powyżej 1300 st. C). Przegrzanie powietrza lub pary wodnej odbywa się z zastosowaniem ceramicznego przegrzewacza wysokotemperaturowego. W celu...
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Hydrogen rich gas production from high temperature air/steam gasification of biomass
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono nowoczesną technikę konwersji biomasy oraz stałych odpadów komunalnych w celu produkcji paliwa gazowego bogatego w wodór. Opisany proces gazyfikacji przebiega w wysokiej temperaturze przy obniżonej koncentracji tlenu i udziale pary wodnej. Dzięki temu możliwa jest produkcja gazów palnych, w szczególności H2, który można wykorzystać do produkcji energii elektrycznej i cieplnej.
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Hydrogen-enhanced stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue of HSLA steels in sea-water
PublicationPrzedstawiono ocenę podatności stali o wysokiej wytrzymałości na naprężeniowe pękanie korozyjne i zmęczenie korozyjne wspomagane przez wodór. Wykonano próby powolnego rozciągania i zmęczenia niskoczęstotliwościowego na stalach 17HMBVA i 14HNMBCu oraz ich złączach spawanych, w środowisku wody morskiej, przy polaryzacji katodowej. Zamieszczono wyniki badań elektrochemicznych oraz przełomów na skaningowym mikroskopie elektronowym.
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Niszczenie wodorowe stali o podwyższonej wytrzymałości = Hydrogen degradation of high-strength steels.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono niszczenie wodorowe stali 18G2A i jej symulowanej strefy wpływu ciepła (SWC). Jako parametry niszczenia wodorowego wybrano względne wartości energii zniszczenia, czasu do pęknięcia, wydłużenia, przewężenia i wytrzymałości na rozciąganie. Parametry te wyznaczono w próbie odkształcania z małą prędkością na próbkach gładkich, okrągłych. Stwierdzono, że stal 18G2A w środowisku kwaśnym (0,1 N H2SO4) podczas...
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Determination of changes in viscosity of hydrogel depending on shear rate (1.1 to 55 s-1).
Open Research DataThe rheological characteristics of hydrogel were made on the basis of a viscosity measurement using a Brookfield viscometer, using LV SC4 - 25 spindle and shear rates from 1.1 to 55 s-1.
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Determination of changes in viscosity of hydrogel depending on shear rate (1.7 to 34 s-1).
Open Research DataThe rheological characteristics of hydrogel were made on the basis of a viscosity measurement using a Brookfield viscometer, using LV SC4 - 27 spindle and shear rates from 1.7 to 34 s-1.
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Determination of changes in viscosity of hydrogel depending on shear rate (6.6 to 330 s-1).
Open Research DataThe rheological characteristics of hydrogel were made on the basis of a viscosity measurement using a Brookfield viscometer, using LV SC4 - 18 spindle and shear rates from 6.6 to 330 s-1.
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Determination of changes in viscosity of high-fructose syrup stability of pectin hydrogels depending on the temperature (25-96 Celsius degrees).
Open Research DataThe rheological characteristics of the high-fructose syrup modified stability of pectin (added in a concentration 2% m/m) were made on the basis of the viscosity assessment using a Brookfield viscometer with an LV SC4 - 25 spindle and a shear rate of 0,22 s-1 in the temperature range 25-96 ° C. The data allowed selection of optimal conditions for the...
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Raman data of deuterium and hydrogen grown boron-doped diamond
Open Research DataRaman spectra were recorded at room temperature using a micro-Raman spectrometer (Invia, Renishaw) equipped with an edge filter with different excitation wavelengths and lasers: UV λ = 325 nm (HeCd), blue λ = 488 nm (Ar+), green λ = 514 nm (Ar+), and IR λ = 785 nm (IR diode) and 50× microscope objective. To avoid sample heating, the radiation power...
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XPS data of deuterium and hydrogen grown boron-doped diamond
Open Research DataThe high-resolution C1s X-ray absorption spectra of BDD@H and BDD@D samples were measured using the facilities of the HE-SGM beamline (HE-SGM) at the BESSY II synchrotron radiation source of Helmholtz–Zentrum Berlin (HZB).[90] The measurements were carried out under ultra-high vacuum conditions: P ≈ 2×10−9 Torr at T = 300 K. The NEXAFS spectra were...
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Data on hydrogen migration in cation-induced dissociation of furan molecules
Open Research DataThe data include furan luminescence spectra obtained in collisions with H3+ and C+ cations and theoretical spectra of OH and CH radicals published in [1].
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Injectable bone cement based on magnesium potassium phosphate and cross-linked alginate hydrogel designed for minimally invasive orthopedic procedures
PublicationBone cement based on magnesium phosphate has extremely favorable properties for its application as a bioactive bone substitute. However, further improvement is still expected due to difficult injectability and high brittleness. This paper reported the preparation of novel biocomposite cement, classified as dual-setting, obtained through ceramic hydration reaction and polymer cross-linking. Cement was composed of magnesium potassium...
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A giant 2-dimensional dielectric response in a compressed hydrogen-bonded hybrid organic–inorganic salt
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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE PHOTOCATALYTIC HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN THE LABORATORY-SCALE SET-UP DEPENDING ON THE PROCESS CONDITIONS
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Relationship between the static dipole polarizability and the static dipole magnetizability of the relativistic hydrogen-like atom
PublicationZnaleziono prostą liniową zależność pomiędzy statycznymi dipolowymi podatnościami: elektryczną i magnetyczną relatywistycznego atomu wodoropodobnego w stanie podstawowym.
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A spectroscopic study into the decomposition process of titanium isopropoxide in the nitrogen–hydrogen 100kHz low-pressure plasma
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Resistance changes of carbon nanotubes decorated with platinum nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen at different and constant concentrations
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Peculiar hydrogen bonding behaviour of water molecules inside the aqueous nanochannels of lyotropic liquid crystals
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Exploring hydrogen energy systems: A comprehensive review of technologies, applications, prevailing trends, and associated challenges
PublicationExploring hydrogen energy and its associated technologies is a pivotal pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality. This article comprehensively reviews hydrogen production technologies, storage technologies, and end-use applications of hydrogen, based on the input energy source, operating conditions, conversion efficiency, energy density, and unit investment cost. The review also highlights the advantages, disadvantages, and technological readiness...
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Optimization of the Relative Humidity of Reactant Gases in Hydrogen Fuel Cells Using Dynamic Impedance Measurements
PublicationWater management is a key factor affecting the efficiency of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The currently used monitoring methods of PEMFCs provide limited information about which processes or components that humidity has a significant impact upon. Herein, we propose the use of a novel approach of impedance measurements using a multi-sinusoidal perturbation signal, which enables impedance measurements under dynamic...
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Hydrogen Bonds in Blends of Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), Poly(N-ethylacrylamide) Homopolymers, and Carboxymethyl Cellulose
PublicationRecently, it was reported that the physical crosslinking exhibited by some biopolymers could provide multiple benefits to biomedical applications. In particular, grafting thermoresponsive polymers onto biopolymers may enhance the degradability or offer other features, as thermothickening behavior. Thus, different interactions will affect the different hydrogen bonds and interactions from the physical crosslinking of carboxymethyl...
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Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bond Determines Target-Binding Affinity and Specificity of the Antitubercular Drug Bedaquiline
PublicationThe role of short strong hydrogen bonds (SSHB) in ligand-target binding remains largely unexplored, thereby hin- dering a potentially important avenue in the rational drug de- sign. Here, we investigate the interaction between bedaquiline (Bq), a potent anti-tuberculosis drug, and the mycobacterial ATP synthase, to unravel the role of a specific hydrogen bond to a conserved acidic residue in the target affinity and specificity....
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Activity of Patents in Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Production in the Context of Passenger Car Fleet in the V4 Countries
PublicationThe hydrogen market in the world today is capable ovule and em-pirical evidence on activity of patents in fuel cells and hydrogen production islimited so far. Patent applications in zero-emission mobility in the aspect of fuelcells include: DAFC/DMFC&DMFC, PEMFC, SOFC, AFC, PAFC. As for thepatents relating to the hydrogen production, they concern low carbon, electrol-ysis and inorganic. The purpose of the study was to investigate...
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Supramolecular Synthesis Based on a Combination of Se···N Secondary Bonding Interactions with Hydrogen and Halogen Bonds
PublicationExamination of the solid state structures of 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole complexes with hydrogen or halogen bond donors has demonstrated that the 2,1,3-benzoselenadiazole molecules preferably form centrosymmetric dimers with use of [Se–N]2 supramolecular synthon, whereas the two remaining nitrogen atoms not involved in the [Se–N]2 supramolecular interactions can act as acceptors of hydrogen or halogen bonds. Cocrystallization of selenadiazoles...
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High Temperature Corrosion Evaluation of Porous Hastelloy X Alloy in Air and Humidified Hydrogen Atmospheres
PublicationIn this work a commercially available porous Hastelloy X alloy is characterized in terms of high temperature corrosion resistance. The alloy was oxidized in the temperature range from 500C to 900C in air and humidified hydrogen for 100 hours. Corrosion rates and porosity changes were measured. Microstructural characterization was performed using X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that porous alloys...
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Role of nitrogen in optical and electrical band gaps of hydrogenated/hydrogen free carbon nitride film
PublicationWe report the optical and electrical band gap energy of amorphous hydrogenated carbon nitride (a-HCNx) and carbon nitride (a-CNx) as a function of nitrogen concentration (N/C). The optical band gap of a-HCNx and a-CNx films has been determined by means of Ellipsometry and UV-VIS. Both optical and electrical band gaps increase with elevated nitrogen concentration. Experimentally obtained electrical band gap is compared with the...
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Hydrogen migration in formation of NH(A3Π) radicals via superexcited states in photodissociation of isoxazole molecules
PublicationFormation of the excited NH(A 3Π) free radicals in the photodissociation of isoxazole (C3H3NO) molecules has been studied over the 14-22 eV energy range using photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The NH(A 3Π) is produced through excitation of the isoxazole molecules into higher-lying superexcited states. Observation of the NH radical, which is not a structural unit of the isoxazole molecule, corroborates the hydrogen atom...
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Interspecies distances between propionic acid degraders and methanogens in syntrophic consortia for optimal hydrogen transfer
PublicationA mixed culture from an anaerobic biowaste digester was enriched on propionate and used to investigate interspecies hydrogen transfer in dependence of spatial distances between propionate degraders and methanogens. From 20.3 mM propionate, 20.8 mM acetate and 15.5 mM methane were formed. Maximum specific propionate oxidation and methane formation rates were 49 and 23 mmol mg−1day−1, respectively. Propionate oxidation was inhibited by...
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Hydrogen migration observed in fragmentation of the pyridine molecules in collisions with the H+, H2+, He+and He++cations
PublicationThe hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the pyridine molecules by the H+, H2+, He+ and He++ collisions has been investigated in the 5-2000 eV energy range. The pyridine molecule structure is lacking of the NH group, thus formation of the NH radicals is an evidence of the H atom relocation prior to the cation-induced fragmentation. The NH(A3Π) fragmentation yields measured by detecting its A3Π→X3Σ− fluorescence show...
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Adaptive resolution simulation of liquid para-hydrogen: testing the robustness of the quantum-classical adaptive coupling
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