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wszystkich: 249
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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: electricity
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Organic Rankine as bottoming cycle to a combined Brayton and Clausius-Rankine cycle
PublikacjaThis paper presents an enhanced approach, as it will be considered here that the ORC installation could be extra-heated with the bleed steam, a concept presented by the authors. In such way the efficiency of the bottoming cycle can be increased and an amount of electricity generated increases. A thermodynamic analysis and a comparative study of the cycle efficiency for a simplified steam cycle cooperating with ORC cycle will be...
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Combined operation of 900MW power plant with the ORC through the bleed steam extraction point and CO2 recovery system
PublikacjaThe work presented here is aimed at utylisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90 C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach...
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Operation of the 900 MW power plant with the ORC supplied from three heat sources
PublikacjaThe chapter is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach to increase...
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Zero-Emissions, Off-grid, Autonomous Houseboat – a Case Study of Selected Locations in Europe
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of creating a prototype of a self-sufficient houseboat that is capable of prolonged independence from power grids and freshwater sources. In this design, electricity demand is met by a photovoltaic installation, and the energy is stored in batteries. Fresh water for living needs may be obtained from many sources, depending on the environmental conditions, such as through purifying...
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Negative CO2 Emission Gas Power Plant As Technology for Utilization of Sewage Sludge, Production of Electrical Energy, and CO2 Capture - Case of Chamber Under Transpiration Cooling
PublikacjaThis work focuses on the concept developed in the nCO2PP project, which aims to demonstrate a technology that allows to achieve negative CO2 emissions through Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) applied to sewage sludge. A feedstock is first gasified, then the resulting syngas is burned in a semi-closed oxy-fuel gas turbine with pure oxygen and water, using the advantages of oxy-combustion, to ease the capture of CO2 in the resulting...
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Improved maximum power point tracking algorithms by using numerical analysis techniques for photovoltaic systems
PublikacjaSolar photovoltaic (PV) panels generate optimal electricity when operating at the maximum power point (MPP). This study introduces a novel MPP tracking algorithm that leverages the numerical prowess of the predictor-corrector method, tailored to accommodate voltage and current fluctuations in PV panels resulting from variable environmental factors like solar irradiation and temperature. This paper delves into the intricate dynamics...
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POLAND’S ENERGY DEPENDENCE AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY
PublikacjaThe following article is an attempt to assess Poland's energy independence in the years 1993-2020. The main aim of the paper is to present Poland's dependence on raw materials from foreign partners - in the field of imports of electricity, natural gas, crude oil, non-renewable energy resources, i.e., hard coal and lignite, and the country's dynamics in the amount of imports. In addition, the aim of the work is to answer research...
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Application of Stirling Engine Type Alpha Powered by the Recovery Energy on Vessels
PublikacjaThe Stirling engine is a device, in which thermal energy is transformed into mechanical without a contact between the heat carrier, and the working gas closed in the engine. Mentioned feature makes this type of engine very attractive for the use of the recovery energy, taken from other heat devices. One of the potential applications of Stirling engines is the use of thermal energy generated in the ship's engine room for producing...
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Evaluati on of long-term start up costs impact on short-term price based operational optimization of a CCGT using MILP
PublikacjaAn increasing share of the weather-dependent RES generation in the power system leads to the growing importance of flexibility of conventional power plants. They were usually designed for base load operation and it is a challenge to determine the actual long-term cycling costs, which account for an increase in maintenance and overhaul expenditures, increased forced outage rates and shortened life expectancy of the plant and components....
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Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concrete: A Critical Review of the Short-Term Properties
PublikacjaThe huge demand for concrete is predicted to upsurge due to rapid construction developments. Environmental worries regarding the large amounts of carbon dioxide emanations from cement production have resulted in new ideas to develop supplemental cementing materials, aiming to decrease the cement volume required for making concrete. Palm-oil-fuel-ash (POFA) is an industrial byproduct derived from palm oil waste’s incineration in...
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Subjective Quality Evaluation of Speech Signals Transmitted via BPL-PLC Wired System
PublikacjaThe broadband over power line – power line communication (BPL-PLC) cable is resistant to electricity stoppage and partial damage of phase conductors. It maintains continuity of transmission in case of an emergency. These features make it an ideal solution for delivering data, e.g. in an underground mine environment, especially clear and easily understandable voice messages. This paper describes a subjective quality evaluation of...
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The Laboratory Stand for the Evaluation of Heat Dissipation from the Power Cable in a Casing Pipe
PublikacjaThe current carrying capacity of a power cable determines its efficiency, which depends on its capability to dissipate heat produced inside the cable, as a result of current flow, into the surrounding. The studies were conducted to determine how the characteristics of the medium around the cable affected its temperature and, as a result, its ability to transport electricity. The experimentation in the lab and real measurements...
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Negative carbon dioxide gas power plant integrated with gasification of sewage sludge
PublikacjaOne of the primary objectives of the negative carbon dioxide gas power plant (nCO2PP) is to develop an innovative technology confirming the possibility of the use of sewage sludge to produce electricity while having a positive impact on the environment. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to estimate thermodynamic parameters of the system in relation to the gasification process and changes in such parameters in the...
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The Application of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Indication of Directions of the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Context of Energy Policy
PublikacjaThis paper presents the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for evaluating what technologies using renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity production have the chance to develop in Poland under the current socio-economic conditions. First, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the weights of the optimization criteria. Five main criteria and 30 sub-criteria were identified. Next,...
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A Review of Standards with Cybersecurity Requirements for Smart Grid
PublikacjaAssuring cybersecurity of the smart grid is indispensable for the reliable operation of this new form of the electricity network. Experts agree that standardised solutions and practices should be applied in the first place. In recent years many new standards for smart grids have been published, which paradoxically results in the difficulty of finding a relevant publication in this plethora of literature. This paper presents results...
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Bilansowanie lokalne w systemie elektroenergetycznym
PublikacjaWprowadzenie rozliczeń rynkowych w handlu energią elektryczną wymusiło nowe podejście do krótkookresowego bilansowania energii w systemie elektroenergetycznym. Dla sprawnego funkcjonowania handlu energią, konieczne było wprowadzenie Rynku Bilansującego, łączącego realizację zadań technicznych i handlowych. Obecnie bilansowanie systemu rozwiązywane jest ogólnosystemowo. Decentralizacja procesu wytwarzania energii, rozwój niespokojnych...
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Magazynowanie energii elektrycznej i gospodarka wodorowa
PublikacjaW artykule dokonano przegl ą du aktualnych technologii magazynowania energii elektrycznej oraz zestawiono uzyskiwane parametry w aspekcie zastosowa ń w zasobnikach systemowych. Przedstawiono studium mo ż liwo ś ci magazynowania energii z odnawialnych ź róde ł energii (O Ź E) w zasobnikach akumulatorowych i elektrowniach szczytowo-pompowych w Polsce. Omówiono tak ż e mo ż liwo ś ci wykorzystania...
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Maximum Power Point Technique (MPPT) for PV System Based on Improved Pert and Observe (P&O) Method with PI Controller
PublikacjaPhotovoltaic power generation system has key rule in electricity production. Although, it is clean renewable energy with unlimited resources but it has some drawbacks in efficiency. In order to maximize the efficiency, PV array must drive at maximum power point. For the reason so, several algorithms are used in PV system to track MPP and reduce the...
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Gas Turbine Cycle with External Combustion Chamber for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Systems
PublikacjaThe use of various biofuels, usually of relatively small Lower Heating Value (LHV), affects the gas turbine efficiency. The present paper shows that applying the proposed air by-pass system of the combustor at the turbine exit causes tan increase of efficiency of the turbine cycle increased by a few points. This solution appears very promising also in combined gas/steam turbine power plants. The comparison of a turbine set operating...
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The Possibility of Phase Change Materials (PCM) Usage to Increase Efficiency of the Photovoltaic Modules
PublikacjaSolar energy is widely available, free and inexhaustible. Furthermore this source of energy is the most friendly to the environment. For direct conversion of solar energy into useful forms like of electricity and thermal energy, respectively photovoltaic cells and solar collectors are being used. Forecast indicate that the first one solution will soon have a significant part in meeting the global energy demand. Therefore it is...
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Decentralized Microgrid Energy Management System with Market-Based Energy Trade System
PublikacjaThis paper presents a decentralized energy management system for a power microgrid, which integrates individual users, who own renewable energy sources and energy storages. The purpose of the system is to make optimal use of available resources to cover the electricity needs of the whole microgrid. Thanks to the energy exchange system, in addition to exchanges with the distribution network, the system also allows trades within...
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Numbers, Please: Power- and Voltage-Related Indices in Control of a Turbine-Generator Set
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the proper selection and interpretation of aggregated control performance indices values mirroring the quality of electrical energy generation by a turbine-generator set cooperating with a power system. Typically, a set of basic/classical and individual indices is used in energy engineering to ensure the mirroring feature and is related to voltage, frequency and active or reactive power deviations from their...
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Stochastic optimisation algorithm for optimisation of controller parameters for control of dissolved oxygen in wastewater treatment plant
PublikacjaWastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are very important facilities for mankind. They enable the removal and neutralisation of man-made pollutants. Therefore, it is important for wastewater treatment plants to operate as efficiently as possible so that the level of pollutants in the treated wastewater meets specific requirements. This paper concerns the design of a hierarchical nonlinear adaptive control system for dissolved oxygen...
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Microgrid Energy Management System
PublikacjaIn the era of rapid development of "green energy” and storage devices, microgrids implemented in line with the concept of distributed generation can be an effective form of power management. There is a need for an efficient, optimal and reliable control of the combined infrastructure. The article presents a flexible, configurable microgrid's resources control system, which executes the task of meeting the electricity demand of...
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Metody doboru miejsc zainstalowania zasobników energii w sieciach elektroenergetycznych niskiego napięcia
PublikacjaW związku z rosnącą liczbą źródeł odnawialnych przyłączanych do sieci niskiego napięcia (nn) jakość energii elektrycznej w tej sieci ulega pogorszeniu. Jedną z metod jej poprawiania jest instalowanie zasobników energii, tj. baterii akumulatorów, superkondensatorów czy kół zamachowych. Zasobniki energii są w stanie złagodzić dobową zmienność obciążenia, skompensować moc bierną i wyższe harmoniczne oraz zmniejszyć asymetrię obciążenia...
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Zastosowanie specjalnego uziemienia żył powrotnych w liniach kablowych SN
PublikacjaW artykule porównano metody uziemiania żył powrotnych kabli średniego napięcia. Głównym kryterium oceny poszczególnych rozwiązań było ograniczenie strat w przesyle energii elektrycznej oraz zapewnienie ochrony przeciwprzepięciowej osłon kabli. Na podstawie symulacji kabli zamodelowanych w programie CYMCAP i otrzymanych wyników obciążalności prądowej i strat w linii zaprezentowano metodę krzyżowania żył powrotnych (CB – cross-bonding...
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Multiaspect measurement analysis of breaking energy recovery
PublikacjaNowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest, which is connected both with a growth of environmental awareness in the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. That is why the reduction of energy consumption by increasing electrified urban transport, such as trams, trolleybuses, light rail and underground is becoming an increasingly important issue. Energy...
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Photovoltaic bulk heterojunctions with interpenetrating network based on semiconducting polymers
PublikacjaPhotovoltaic cells are supposed to be the most common generators of useful electricity in the nearest future as they utilize inexhaustible carriers of renewable energy called photons. Despite the fact that 95% of worldwide applied photovoltaic devices are based on inorganic semiconductors the area of organic photovoltaics grows successively due to possibility of considerable reduction of manufacturing costs. Since the Heeger's...
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Feasibility of combined diesel engine - steam turbine in power station operating in the maritime
PublikacjaCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. Currently, the efficiency of such engines amounts to 45-50%. With such a large power unit, exhaust gases leaving the engine contain very large quantities of heat available for further treatment. Exhaust gases from the piston engine contain about 25% of the heat supplied to the engine in the fuel. Using the...
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A unified approach to the analysis of electric energy and fuel consumption of cars in city traffic
PublikacjaForecasting fuel and electricity consumption is an important factor determining the direction of changes in road engineering solutions, traffic management, selection of routes for public transport and development more efficient car drive systems. With a reliable and easy-to-use computational tool, it is possible to reduce the consumption of primary energy sources and reduce the emission of toxic compounds in cities. An analysis...
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Quality Evaluation of Voice Transmission Using BPL Communication System in MV Mine Cable Network
PublikacjaThis article presents results of a quality evaluation study, considering voice transmission in a 6 kV medium voltage cable network using the BPL (Broadband over Power Line) communication system. The tests are carried out under real mining conditions for the selected power cable without voltage, earthed at both sides. Such a method of monitoring work conditions is of great importance, especially during a disaster. Power cables are...
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Manufacturing and Recycling Impact on Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Innovative Wind Power Plant Part 2/2
PublikacjaThe process of conversion of wind kinetic energy into electricity in innovative wind power plant emits practically no harmful substances into the environment. However, the production stage of its components requires a lot of energy and materials. The biggest problem during production plan-ning process of an innovative wind power plant is selection of materials and technologies and, consequently, the waste generated at this stage....
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The Influence of Co-Fermentation of Agri-Food Waste with Primary Sludge on Biogas Production and Composition of the Liquid Fraction of Digestate
PublikacjaEnergy self-sufficiency is a current trend in wastewater treatment plants. This effect can be achieved by increasing the production of electricity from biogas and by reducing energy consumption for technological processes. One idea, in line with the circular economy concept, is the use of waste rich in organic matter as co-substrates for the fermentation process. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of waste co-fermentation...
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Design and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of TiO2-Lanthanides Systems and Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity under UV-LED Light Irradiation
PublikacjaThe TiO2-Eu and TiO2-La systems were successfully synthesized using the microwave method. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, it was found that regardless of the analyzed systems, two crystal structures were noted for the obtained samples: anatase and rutile. The analysis, such as XPS and EDS, proved that the doped lanthanum and europium nano-particles are present only on the TiO2 surface without disturbing the...
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Improvements and Spatial Dependencies in Energy Transition Measures
PublikacjaThis article aims to improve one of the newest energy transition measures—the WorldEconomic Forum WEF Energy Transition Index (ETI) and find its driving forces. This paper proposesa new approach to correct the ETI structure, i.e., sensitivity analysis, which allows assessing theaccuracy of variable weights. Moreover, the novelty of the paper is the use the spatial error modelsto estimate determinants of the energy transition on...
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Applying response surface method to optimize the performance of a divergent-chimney solar power plant
PublikacjaOne of the effective tools to generate electricity from solar energy is Divergent-chimney solar power plant (DSPP). Divergent and cylindrical chimneys of solar power plants have different performances considering turbine pressure drop ratio (ft). For the first time, the divergent angle (DA) and solar radiation (SR) interaction effects on 〖ft〗_opt are discussed through applying the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Response...
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Zagospodarowanie ciepła odpadowego z biogazowych agregatów kogeneracyjnych w oczyszczalni ścieków
PublikacjaW pracy opisano koncepcję współpracy biogazowych modułów kogeneracyjnych z niskotemperaturowym obiegiem parowym. Proponowana modernizacja pozwoliłaby na wykorzystanie entalpii fizycznej spalin, tym samym zwiększając sprawność urządzeń wytwarzających ciepło i energię elektryczną. Tego typu rozwiązanie umożliwiłoby częściowe pokrycie zapotrzebowania własnego na energię elektryczną, generując oszczędności w przedsiębiorstwie. W artykule...
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The Indonesian economy in 2005: An analysis using the input-output approach
PublikacjaThis study aims to analyze the economic conditions of Indonesia in 2005. This study employs Input-Output (IO) analysis as an analysis instrument. The data of this study is the Indonesian IO table for 2005. Thus, the Indonesian economy is represented by Indonesian industrial sectors mentioned in the data. There are nine industries used in the present study, namely (1) agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishery, (2) mining and...
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Exergy analysis of the Szewalski cycle with a waste heat recovery system
PublikacjaThe conversion of a waste heat energy to electricity is now becoming one of the key points to improve the energy efficiency in a process engineering. However, large losses of a low-temperature thermal energy are also present in power engineering. One of such sources of waste heat in power plants are exhaust gases at the outlet of boilers. Through usage of a waste heat regeneration system it is possible to attain a heat rate of approximately...
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Hybrid geothermal-fossil power cycle analysis in a Polish setting with a focus on off-design performance and CO2 emissions reductions
PublikacjaGrowing demand for electricity due to economic development contributes to increased greenhouse gas production, especially CO2. However, emissions can be limited by enhancing the efficiency of primary energy conversion, such as integrating geothermal energy into coal-fired power plants. Therefore, this paper proposes replacing conventional feed-water heaters with geothermal preheaters to create a hybridized system. This study was...
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Aeration Process in Bioreactors as the Main Energy Consumer in a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Review of Solutions and Methods of Process Optimization
PublikacjaDue to the key role of the biological decomposition process of organic compounds in wastewater treatment, a very important thing is appropriate aeration of activated sludge, because microorganisms have to be supplied with an appropriate amount of oxygen. Aeration is one of the most energy-consuming processes in the conventional activated sludge systems of wastewater treatment technology (may consume from 50% to 90% of electricity...
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Pilot installation for thermal utilization of meat-and-bone meal using the rotary kiln pyrolyzer and the fluidised bed boiler
PublikacjaThe technology of thermal utilization of meat-and-bone meal (MBM) is still at the research state. However, there are already a number of existing pilot-scale installations that provide the complete, effective and environmentally safe process conducting. The universal technology was developed that allows to combust various types of waste, including animal waste, municipal waste and sludge, mixed at any ratio with different types...
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Modelling of sequencing batch reactor operating at various aeration modes
PublikacjaThe presented study involved designing a computer model of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at laboratory scale. The data pertaining to the technical aspects of the bioreactor and quality indicators of wastewater constituted the input for the employed simulation tool, i.e. GPS-X software package. The results of a simulation involving a 12-hour operation cycle are presented in this work; each cycle included 6 phases: filling, mixing,...
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Określenie zawartości lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w odciekach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznej degradacji monosacharydów
PublikacjaOkreślenie zawartości lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w odciekach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznej degradacji monosacharydów. Milena Jabłońska, Maria Rybarczyk, Marta Wisielewska, Marek Lieder Politechnika Gdańska, Wydział Chemiczny, Katedra Technologii Chemicznej Zawartość lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w metabolitach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego (MFC – Microbial Fuel Cell) świadczy o rozkładzie...
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Low temperature rotary Stirling engine: conceptual design and theoretical analysis
PublikacjaThe use of low-temperature energy sources for electricity generation demands a dual focus: a substantial enhancement in the efficiency of energy conversion devices and a reduction in system production costs. Particularly in scenarios where low-temperature energy sources are scarce, this factor can be pivotal in facilitating widespread adoption of such technologies. The Stirling engine emerges as a promising solution capable of...
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Subjective Quality Evaluation of Underground BPL-PLC Voice Communication System
PublikacjaDesigning a reliable voice transmission system is not a trivial task. Wired media, thanks to their resistance to mechanical damage, seem an ideal solution. The BPL-PLC (Broadband over Power Line – Power Line Communication) cable is resilient to electricity stoppage and partial damage of phase conductors. It maintains continuity of transmission in case of an emergency situation, including paramedic rescue operations. These features...
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Solar Photovoltaic Energy Optimization and Challenges
PublikacjaThe study paper focuses on solar energy optimization approaches, as well as the obstacles and concerns that come with them. This study discusses the most current advancements in solar power generation devices in order to provide a reference for decision-makers in the field of solar plant construction throughout the world. These technologies are divided into three groups: photovoltaic, thermal, and hybrid (thermal/photovoltaic)....
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Extremal thermal loading of a bifurcation pipe
PublikacjaThe subject of considerations is a spherical bifurcation pipe of a live steam made of steel P91, which is an element of a block of coal-fired power plant working with a 18K370 turbine. As experience shows, it is a very sensitive element of the boiler pipelines. An extreme work scenario for such a block has been adopted, in which the turbine is shutting down to a warm state three times in 24 hours. This is an action dictated by...
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Bariery stosowania technologii odzysku energii w transporcie szynowym
PublikacjaNa wstępie artykułu został przedstawiony przegląd istniejących technologii odzysku energii w procesie hamowania oraz możliwości jej wykorzystania. Omówiono możliwości akumulowania rekuperowanej energii w zasobnikach stacjonarnych oraz tych zainstalowanych w pojazdach, możliwość przesyłu energii do krajowej sieci energetycznej jak również jej bezpośredniego wykorzystania przez inne pojazdy znajdujące się na sieci. W części zasadniczej...
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Solar Photovoltaic Energy Optimization and Challenges
PublikacjaThe study paper focuses on solar energy optimization approaches, as well as the obstacles and concerns that come with them. This study discusses the most current advancements in solar power generation devices in order to provide a reference for decision-makers in the field of solar plant construction throughout the world. These technologies are divided into three groups: photovoltaic, thermal, and hybrid (thermal/photovoltaic)....