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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: buildings
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An analysis of wind conditions at pedestrian level in the selected types of multi-family housing developments
PublikacjaThe following article addresses the issue of wind conditions around urban building development at pedestrian level. Factors that depend on those issues include wind comfort and air quality within urbanized spaces. The conditions specific of cities located in a temperate climate zone have been taken into account. The article is intended to identify aerodynamic phenomena characteristic of the three basic types of multi-family building...
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Investigating the effects of structural pounding on the seismic performance of adjacent RC and steel MRFs
PublikacjaAn insufficient separation distance between adjacent buildings is the main reason for structural pounding during severe earthquakes. The lateral load resistance system, fundamental natural period, mass, and stiffness are important factors having the influence on collisions between two adjacent structures. In this study, 3-, 5- and 9-story adjacent reinforced concrete and steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) were considered to investigate...
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Instalacje fotowoltaiczne w budownictwie wielorodzinnym
PublikacjaArtykuł opisuje wpływ instalacji fotowoltaicznych na bezpieczeństwo eksploatacji budynków wielorodzinnych. W oparciu o projekty rzeczywistych obiektów przeprowadzono analizę zwiększenia ryzyka strat odgromowych, zmiany obciążenia konstrukcji dachu i wzrostu zagrożenia pożarowego na skutek montażu systemu fotowoltaicznego. Przeprowadzone obliczenia wskazują na konieczność kompleksowego podejścia do projektowania instalacji fotowoltaicznych....
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Diagnostics of historic columns using wave propagation
PublikacjaThis paper presents a numerical analysis of elastic wave propagation in columns of historical buildings for diagnostics purposes. Numerical calculations were performed using the finite element method in the Abaqus software package. The analysis was carried out for three types of brick columns: a full column, a column filled with debris, and a column empty inside. The excitation was in the form of a wave packet and signals of propagating...
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Machine learning-based prediction of residual drift and seismic risk assessment of steel moment-resisting frames considering soil-structure interaction
PublikacjaNowadays, due to improvements in seismic codes and computational devices, retrofitting buildings is an important topic, in which, permanent deformation of buildings, known as Residual Interstory Drift Ratio (RIDR), plays a crucial role. To provide an accurate yet reliable prediction model, 32 improved Machine Learning (ML) algorithms were considered using the Python software to investigate the best method for estimating Maximum...
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Architectural Symbols of a City – Case Study
PublikacjaThe identity of a city is understood as a collection of individual features, which give the city its individual character and distinguish it from other places; it undoubtedly constitutes a cultural value, which should be cherished. In the case of Sopot – a spa located on the Bay of Gdansk, the mosaic of its geographical location, landscape values, urban layout and historic architecture has created a unique image of a seaside resort....
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Efficiency of Biomass Energy used for Heating Purposes in a Residential Building in Comparison with other Energy Sources
PublikacjaThis paper discusses the results of analyses investigating the energy efficiency of biomass in comparison with other popular energy carriers used for heating, ventilation and water heating in residential buildings. The compared energy sources were lignite, natural gas, heating oil and electricity produced by conventional and integrated power generation plants. The most efficient variant relying on biomass and the least efficient...
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Central heating temperature control algorithm for systems with condensing boilers
PublikacjaThe problem of control of a central heating system in a small residence is considered. It is assumed that the system is based on a condensing boiler. Since the boiler efficiency depends on a returning water temperature, the proposed control goal is to provide proper air temperature in the residence as well as the lowest possible water temperature. The proposed algorithm is applied to two buildings. Both of them have the same heating...
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Cast iron in the 19th-century building equipment
PublikacjaCast iron is a material, characteristics of which enable to receive extremely artistic elements. It maintains good strength properties at the same time. That combination of these seemingly contrary traits makes it a commodity that was widely used in the 19th century industry and architecture. These usages were not only as decorative elements, technical and structural ones. The production of new household utilities started, which...
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Refurbishment of a historical building - design issues
PublikacjaOver a 10-year modernization of the main building of Gdansk University of Technology is coming to the end. The ever increasing number of students requires not only the development of the campus with new facility buildings, also the existing buildings are subject to adaptation and modernization. In addition to high-impact solutions, as restoring the former glory of the building (reconstruction of the clock tower), or introducing...
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Reasons for Implementing Movement in Kinetic Architecture
PublikacjaThe paper gives insights into different forms of movement in contemporary architecture and examines them based on the reasons for their implementation. The main objective of the paper is to determine: the degree to which the complexity of kinematic architecture results from functional and spatial needs and what other motivations there are. The method adopted to investigate these questions involves theoretical studies and comparative analyses...
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Vernacular and neovernacular architecture without a user. Wooden catholic churches in the vicinity of brody in Ukraine.
PublikacjaOne of the basic theoretical postulates for the protection of monuments is to preserve them in the place of their creation. However, such action is not always possible to implement. The great historical processes of the 20th century led to significant national, political, religious and cultural changes in the border areas between Poland and Ukraine. As a result of those changes, a large number of wooden churches have lost their...
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IN SEARCH OF A NEW EXHIBITION SPACE
PublikacjaThe buildings considered as raising the prestige and promoting cities are those related to culture. Their impact on urban life is undeniable, which is reflected in a continuous increase in the number of new museum buildings. Apart from places intrinsically linked with culture, which, as such, may be considered as standard - like museum, theatres or galleries - there also appear alternative places of development and promotion of...
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Aquaponics Based Artificial Biosphere Included in Architecture: From Mitigation of Negative Impacts to Positive Added Values of Urban Spatial Structures on Local, Regional and Global Scale
PublikacjaTechnologies may appear faster than spatial planning can afford it. Alt hough applying new technologies solve particular problems, it may also create new ones. Many negative consequences of implementing new technologies are visible a fter years or decades – they accumulate until the need of solving them. According to The Hannover Principles (McDonough & Braungart 2013) one should, by example not think about...
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INDUSTRIAL HERITAGE IN “SACRIFICE ZONES”. THE POTENTIAL OF BOCAMINA I & II THERMOELECTRIC IN CORONEL, CHILE
PublikacjaThis work aims to present the recovery potential of the Chilean Sacrifice Zones, urban areas affected by high amounts of pollution caused by industrial activities. It centers in the case of “Bocamina I & II”, two Thermoelectric based in the city of Coronel, southern Chile. A settlement historically related to the mining processes. These plants operated for decades supplying the national energy grid and are seen as both symbols...
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Modelling and computer animation of geodetic field work
Publikacja3D modelling of objects is a way of obtaining information, while the visualization of geospatial data is becoming a production task in the scope of surveying. Visualization of geospatial data provides effective tools for analysis information about the land surface, land cover, its features, properties etc. Computer animations, both 2D images and 3D are becoming additional, expected and clear form for presentation results of geodetic...
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Fragility analysis of structural pounding between adjacent structures arranged in series with various alignment configurations under near‑field earthquakes
PublikacjaA major cause of local to total damages is related to structural pounding in a large number of past earthquakes. In general, these collisions take place as a result of differences in the dynamic characteristics of the colliding structures. To acquire a better perception of the behavior of structures, in this paper, three structures featuring different heights are modeled in series and with various configurations next to each other...
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Assessment of Environmental Loads in the Life Cycle of a Retail and Service Building
PublikacjaIn order to achieve the European Union’s climate and energy goals, investments are required, mainly in the areas of energy efficiency, renewable energy sources and infrastructure. Buildings are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption, and nearly 80% of them are energy and ecologically inefficient. The policy of European countries is increasingly more focused on facilities with the highest potential in the areas...
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Ocena przekształceń piętrowego, ceglanego domu z dachem półpłaskim z przełomu XIX–XX wieku pod wpływem termomodernizacji na przykładzie gminy Puck, woj. pomorskie.
PublikacjaCeglane budynki mieszkalne z przełomu XIX i XX wieku, które stanowiły charakterystyczny element krajobrazu wsi pomorskiej, obecnie powszechnie poddawane są modernizacji w celu poprawy warunków cieplnych. Przedmiotem badania jest stan zachowania najmłodszego, historycznego typu domuw zagrodzie chłopskiej na Kaszubach – piętrowego, ceglanego domu z dachem półpłaskim. Badanie przeprowadzono na obszarze gminy Puck. Zidentyfikowano...
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The effect of laser on metal surfaces for multidisciplinary usage in material and thermal engineering
PublikacjaThe subject of heat transfer and cooling systems is still a matter of contention in many different fields of science and industry. Infrigidation is much more difficult than warming, and so, much more needed in more and more different devices, starting from massive industrial machinery and air conditioning in commercial buildings, up to micro and nano-surgery tools. In fact, the size of many cooling systems is still a problem. It...
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Accuracy analysis of the RSSI BLE SensorTag signal for indoor localization purposes
PublikacjaIn this paper we describe possibility of use the RSSI signal (Radio Signal Strength Indication) from Texas Instruments SensorTag CC2650 for indoor positioning purposes. This idea is not a new but in our opinion it is possible to use SensorTags with Bluetooth LE wireless interface for positioning inside buildings in such applications as people findings in hospitals, senior come care, etc. RSSI is mostly selected as the sensor localization...
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MODAL ANALYSIS OF REAL TIMBER FRAME HOUSES WITH DIFFERENT INSULATION MATERIALS
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to present the results of a numerical modal analysis of two actual structures of timber frame buildings and the different behaviour due to the used insulation material. One model of the timber structure was filled with mineral wool, while the other with polyurethane foam. During the modal analysis, eigenvalues for both models have been determined. The results of the analysis clearly show the increase...
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Proposed concept for the development of residential floating facilities
PublikacjaCurrently, a dynamic growth of interest in residential buildings located on the water can be observed in Poland. However, the lack of legal regulations, the increase in society's affluence and overpopulation in city centers lead to reflection on the development strategy that should be implemented for maritime construction. The publication presents a proposal of four development strategy concepts: aggressive,...
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Acoustics-related aspects of historic interior modernization projects
PublikacjaThe paper presents three historic interiors in which modernization projects have been carried out having an important impact on their acoustic qualities. Two of the described case studies are positive examples of solving the problem of a natural contradictions between modern technical standards and strict discipline imposed by the heritage conservation system. On the other hand, the effect of neglecting the acoustic needs when...
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A shared curriculum for daylighting education to meet the educational needs of society
PublikacjaThis article describes the collaborative creation of the curriculum for a new eLearning programme on daylighting design of buildings targeting both traditional and lifelong learners. The programme consists of an online platform integrated with a summer school for practical applications. The process was conducted through several workshops with professionals, representatives of national bodies on building regulations, academics,...
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Największe osiedle mieszkaniowe międzywojennego Gdańska - stan obecny i perspektywy zachowania
PublikacjaZaprezentowane przykłady budynków modernistycznych pochodzą z największego gdańskiego osiedla mieszkaniowego z okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego – Osiedla Kościuszki. W analizowanym zespole zabudowy przeważa architektura mieszkaniowa wielorodzinna w zabudowie ciągłej. Chociaż charakteryzuje ją prostota i zharmonizowanie form, to poszczególne grupy budynków tworzące samodzielne podjednostki osiedla różnią się sposobem opracowania...
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Największe osiedle mieszkaniowe międzywojennego Gdańska - stan obecny i perspektywy zachowania
PublikacjaZaprezentowane przykłady budynków modernistycznych pochodzą z największego gdańskiego osiedla mieszkaniowego z okresu dwudziestolecia międzywojennego – Osiedla Kościuszki. W analizowanym zespole zabudowy przeważa architektura mieszkaniowa wielorodzinna w zabudowie ciągłej. Chociaż charakteryzuje ją prostota i zharmonizowanie form, to poszczególne grupy budynków tworzące samodzielne podjednostki osiedla różnią się sposobem opracowania...
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Zewnętrzna stolarka drzwiowa Gdańska-Wrzeszcza na przełomie XIX i XX wieku
PublikacjaDzielnica Gdańska Wrzeszcz ukształtowała się na przełomie XIX i XX w. Liczba mieszkańców Wrzeszcza wzrosła z około 2500 w 1884 r. do około 35 000 w 1914 r. W tym czasie powstało kilkaset jednorodzinnych i wielorodzinnych budynków mieszkalnych oraz najważniejsze obiekty użyteczności publicznej, jak zespół Politechniki, szkoły, szpitale i kościoły. Wrzeszcz – w odróżnieniu od śródmieścia Gdańska – w niewielkim tylko stopniu ucierpiał...
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Force transfer and stress distribution in short cantilever deep beams loaded throughout the depth with a various reinforcement
PublikacjaDeep beams used as the main reinforced concrete structural elements which taking over the load and stiffening construction are often found in high-rise buildings. The architecture of these buildings is sometimes sophisticated and varied, arouse the admiration of the majority of recipients, and thus causing an engineering challenge to correctly design the structural system and force transfer. In such structures is important to shape...
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Seismic response and performance prediction of steel buckling-restrained braced frames using machine-learning methods
PublikacjaNowadays, Buckling-Restrained Brace Frames (BRBFs) have been used as lateral force-resisting systems for low-, to mid-rise buildings. Residual Interstory Drift (RID) of BRBFs plays a key role in deciding to retrofit buildings after seismic excitation; however, existing formulas have limitations and cannot effectively help civil engineers, e.g., FEMA P-58, which is a conservative estimation method. Therefore, there is a need to...
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Enhancing seismic performance of rigid and semi-rigid connections equipped with SMA bolts incorporating nonlinear soil-structure interaction
PublikacjaNowadays, using smart connections can improve the performance of buildings with some recentering features that are from the superelastic behavior of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs). It seems that there is different rigidity between the designed connection and the real one in Steel Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRFs), which can be considered as a problematic issue due to the importance of connections in seismic performance assessment. This...
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Noise Analysis of Continuous GPS Time Series of Selected EPN Stations to Investigate Variations in Stability of Monument Types
PublikacjaThe type of monument that a GPS antenna is placed on plays a significant role in noise estimation for each permanent GPS station. In this research 18 Polish permanent GPS stations that belong to the EPN (EUREF Permanent Network) were analyzed using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The antennae of Polish EPN stations are placed on roofs of buildings or on concrete pillars. The analyzed data covers a period of 5 years from 2008...
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Preventing of earthquake-induced pounding between steel structures by using polymer elements – experimental study
PublikacjaPounding between two, or more, adjacent buildings during earthquakes has been identified as one of the reasons for substantial damage or even total collapse of colliding structures, so it has been the subject of numerous studies in the recent years. A major reason leading to interactions between adjacent, insufficiently separated structures results from the differences in their dynamic properties. A number of different methods...
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Wind Conditions in Urban Layout – Numerical and Experimental Research
PublikacjaThis paper presents research which compares the numerical and the experimental results for different cases of airflow around a few urban layouts. The study is concerned mostly with the analysis of parameters, such as pressure and velocity fields, which are essential in the building industry. Numerical simulations have been performed by the commercial software Fluent, with the use of a few different turbulence models, including...
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Reducing Air Pollutant Emissions from the Residential Sector by Switching to Alternative Energy Sources in Single-Family Homes
PublikacjaThe paper discusses a scenario for adapting residential buildings to the requirements of the EU climate and energy package. It analyzes the option of reducing pollutant emissions to ambient air by switching to alternative energy sources in a typical single-family residential building. The most common sources of energy in central heating and ventilation systems and water heating systems were compared, and the analyzed energy carriers...
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Aerodynamics in the education of prospective architects
PublikacjaThe inclusion of issues of aerodynamics in the education of architecture students is discussed in this article. The field of aerodynamics knowledg of the nature of wind phenomena around building developments. It is especially important to know how to influence the occurrence of such phenomena by means of shaping buildings through architectural and urban design. The method applied for working with Master’s degree students in...
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ANALYSIS OF THE INCREASE OF CONSTRUCTION COSTS IN URBAN REGENERATION PROJECTS
PublikacjaThe subject of this paper is the analysis and evaluation of the reasons for construction costs increases in urban regeneration projects. The analysis considers major refurbishments of real estates’, as well as heavy repair and modernization of the road system. For the period mentioned, the costs from works and expenditure schedules were compared with the costs of additional works, which shows the percentage cost increase in relation...
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Coastal Cliffs Monitoring and Prediction of Displacements Using Terrestial Laser Scanning
PublikacjaCoastal cliffs are very sensitive to degradation caused by erosion and abrasion. Thus, it is very important to monitor susceptibility of the cliffs in terms of slope angles and ground fall resulting from vertical morphology of the cliffs. The results could be used for example to establish the boundaries of the safe investments zone or retreat infrastructure buildings in case of real threat such as degradation of the objects of...
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Meeting Modernisms in Gdynia
PublikacjaThe paper focused on the architectural heritage of the city of Gdynia, in Poland, built in 1920s and 1930s. The city was established (founded) on the seaside of the Baltic Sea as the only port of Poland – a country that regained independence after Versailles Treaty. The history of the city, built from scratch is outstanding in Europe. Modernist architecture of the city is represented by buildings built for different purposes: housing,...
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The role of ergonomics in architectonic and marketing operations
PublikacjaThe 20th century, along with the development of mass culture, brought a rapid increase of marketing communications significance. At first, this branch of art had an informational function associated with advertising operations. Nowadays, an increase of marketing specialists’ interest in influencing a human being by the space they stay in may be observed. Ergonomics plays an important role in such operations. The aim of this article...
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Analysis of the dynamic influences on the Lowland Gate in Gdańsk
PublikacjaThe Lowland Gate has been built in 1626. It is one of the best-preserved historical buildings in Gdansk. The structure is still of the city's infrastructural importance as through it goes a road connecting two districts. The Gate is now so neglected that it is hard to appreciate its value. The main purpose of the investigation carried out was to determine the harmfulness of the traffic on the structure as well as the reasons of...
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Bunker demolition located in a conservation protection zone in the light of technical, national defense, functional-utility and economic conditions
PublikacjaThe paper presents a description of the technical condition of the Bunker building located at the port quay, which has been out of use for several decades. The direct reason for the cessation of exploitation was the deletion of Bunker from the Civil Defense records. The paper contains a detailed analysis of the Bunker's technical condition, also taking into account the national defense, functional and utility aspects and the issues...
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Contemporary Architectural Design in the Context of Historic Remains: The Case of the Old City of Gdańsk
PublikacjaThis article presents several examples of modern developments designed to preserve and coexist with fragments of historic brick buildings. These building projects each faced a similar task; to save and display the historical urban fabric, but they differed significantly in how they chose to achieve that goal. Not all of the projects presented in this study meet the requirements of the Venice Charter equally well. In this field,...
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The Use of Cluster Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Daily Water Demand Patterns
PublikacjaProper determination of unitary water demand and diurnal distribution of water consumption (water consumption histogram) provides the basis for designing, dimensioning, and all analyses of water supply networks. It is important in the case of mathematical modelling of flows in the water supply network, particularly during the determination of nodal water demands in the context of Extended Period Simulation (EPS). Considering the...
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Experimental and computational study on mechanical behaviour of carpentry corner log joints
PublikacjaThis work concerns experimental and numerical research on carpentry joints used in historic wooden buildings in southeastern Poland and western Ukraine. These structures are mainly sacred buildings, and the types of corner log joints characteristic of this region are primarily saddle-notch and dovetail joints; thus, these two types of joints were analysed in this study. The modelling of historic timber structures is a complex...
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Interaktywne fasady przeszklone w architekturze współczesnej (w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju)
PublikacjaArtykuł dotyczy projektowania przeszklonych elewacji interaktywnych we współczesnej architekturze. Na podstawie wybranych przykładów przedstawiono współczesne rozwiązania oraz możliwe kierunki rozwoju przeszkleń elewacji budynków realizowanych zgodnie z ideą zrównoważonego rozwoju.
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Technologie prośrodowiskowe dla budynków miejskich
PublikacjaWspółczesne duże miasta na całym świecie charakteryzują się dużą i wciąż rosnącą intensywnością zabudowy. Jest to tendencja utrwalona, którą pogłębia idea „miasta zwartego” jako rozwiązania dla problemu nadmiernego rozrastania terytorialnego i rozpraszania się struktury terenów miejskich. Jednocześnie realną potrzebą współczesnych miast jest poprawa jakości ich środowiska (eliminacja zanieczyszczeń, minimalizacja zjawiska miejskiej...
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NUMERICAL MODELLING AND EXPERIMENTATION OF HISTORICAL CARPENTRY CORNER LOG JOINTS
PublikacjaThe main purpose of this research is to determine the stress distributions on the contact surfaces between the logs of the historical carpentry corner joints. The additional purpose is to compare the stress distribution for four different boundary conditions in the case of dry and wet pine wood. The paper presents the results of numerical analysis of the shortcorner dovetail connection and the saddle notch corner joint, which are...
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Construction solutions for historical object foundations in the context of changing their functional use
PublikacjaProperly executed renovation and adaptation of a grade listed property not only ensures its constructional safety, but may also highlight the object’s historical value. Taking into consideration various factors, such as divergence of interests, or technical and legal determinants, it is safe to say that the renovation and adaptation of grade listed properties for new purposes is a complex process. The authors of the paper wish...
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Porównanie obciążenia wiatrem wyznaczonego na podstawie procedur normowych z wynikami symulacji w cyfrowym tunelu aerodynamicznym dla hali stalowej.
PublikacjaW niniejszych badaniach porównano obciążenia od wiatru wyznaczonego metodą normową oraz w cyfrowym tunelu aerodynamicznym. Analizom poddano typowy budynek hali na planie prostokąta z dwuspadowym dachem w czterech wariantach geometrycznych. W pierwszym etapie budynki zwymiarowano bazując na obciążeniach od wiatru wyznaczonych według Eurokodu. Następnie dla poszczególnych elementów konstrukcyjnych określono poziom wytężenia. Dla...