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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: road safety barrier
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Functional Safety and Cybersecurity Analysis and Management in Smart Manufacturing Systems
PublikacjaThis chapter addresses some of the issues of the integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis and management with regard to selected references and the functional safety standards: IEC 61508, IEC 61511, ISO 13849-1 and IEC 62061, and a cybersecurity standard IEC 62443 that concerns the industrial automation and control systems. The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of industrial systems that include the information...
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Reduction of road traffic noise by source measures — present and future strategies
PublikacjaThe current trend worldwide is less focused on reducing road traffic noise. This is in strong contrast to the severe impact of traffic noise to the general health and quality of life. A more holistic and combined strategy is needed. Current international rules and regulations regarding vehicles and tyres are not sufficient to reduce traffic noise levels in an effective way. Calculations show that these regulations will only yield...
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Review of ship safety domains: Models and applications
PublikacjaShip safety domain is a term which is widely used in research on collision avoidance and traffic engineering among others. Classic ship domains have been compared in multiple reports. However, up till now there has been no work summing up contemporary research in this field. The paper offers a systematic and critical review of the newer ship domain models and related research. It discusses multiple differences in approach to ship...
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Acoustic evaluation of road surfaces using different Close Proximity testing devices
PublikacjaAccording to the valid standard, Close Proximity (CPX) method intends to evaluate the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise. Measurements may be carried out with the use of a self-powered vehicle or a special test trailer equipped with testing tyre towed by another vehicle. Two different testing devices took part in the research organized in Poland in order to determine the ranking of road surfaces in terms of acoustic parameters....
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INFLUENCE OF TEST CONDITIONS ON TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASURED BY THE DRUM METHOD
PublikacjaTyre/road noise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. Nowadays a few standard procedures of tyre/road noise measurements are in use. Unfortunately, measurement conditions specified within relevant standards are very different. For example, procedure described in ISO 11819-2 used for pavement investigations requires tyre load of 3200 N and capped inflation pressure of 200 kPa. At the same time...
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Applying agiile practices to the development of safety-critical software
PublikacjaDevelopment of safety critical software is subjected to numerous restrictions and recommendations. To meet these requirements classical software development models (e.g. V-model) are usually applied. Agile methodologies, although rapidly increasing their popularity, were generally regarded as unsuitable for such projects. However, they offer potential benefits which provide a strong incentive to incorporate them into safety-critical...
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The safety issue of roadside advertising – comparison of polish and abu dhabi regulations
PublikacjaIn Poland a large number of advertisements are located by the roadside. These ads do not support road traffic management and unlike the road marking system are not subject to any regulations. The advertiser’s goal is to communicate a message to as many recipients as possible. Drivers with different individual abilities, such as attention focusing, eye accommodation, speed of information processing, can be distracted, blinded or...
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Searching for road deformations using mobile laser scanning
PublikacjaMillions of people use roads every day all over the world. Roads, like many other structures, have an estimated durability. In Poland a lot of the roads were built at the turn of the 20th and 21st c., especially for light cars. Many of these roads carry traffic and heavy goods vehicles which were not predicted when the traffic was first estimated. It creates a lot of problems with technical conditions and the infrastructure must...
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Safety Integrity Verification Issues of the Control Systems for Industrial Process Plants
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some issues that can be encountered in designing the industrial automation and control systems (IACS) for implementing safety functions. In a functional safety standard IEC 61511 for the process industry such systems are named the basic process control systems (BPCS) and the safety instrumented systems (SIS). In a generic functional safety standard IEC 61508 they are depicted as...
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Current issues of functional safety and cybersecurity analysis of the industrial and critical infrastructures
PublikacjaThis article addresses some functional safety assessment procedures with cybersecurity aspects in critical industrial installations with regard to the functional safety requirements specified in standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. The functional safety management includes hazard identification, risk analysis and assessment, specification of overall safety requirements and definition of safety functions. Based on the risk assessment...
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Safety and Functionality Assessment of Tram Loops in Wrocław
PublikacjaThe article presents the implementation of the ISFTL method proposed by the authors consisting in an indicator assessment of the safety and functionality of tram loops. Five tram loops located in Wrocław were analyzed. Each of these loops has different characteristics. The components of each assessment are described in detail and further directions for improving the proposed assessment are indicated.
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The effect of processing on the safety and nutritional value
PublikacjaAgricultural crops as well as animal food raw materials are usually somehow processed before being used by humans. Processing should make them more useful, increase their safety and nutritional value, extend the shelf life, and modify the sensory properties. However, changes and interactions of various compounds in the conditions of processing may generate products toxic or otherwise unsafe for the human organism. The food industry...
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Introducing agile practices into development processes of safety critical software
PublikacjaIn this paper we present AgileSafe - a method which supports introduction of agile practices into safety-critical software development processes. To represent safety assurance constraints resulting from the regulatory context, AgileSafe uses assurance case patterns. The knowledge base of AgileSafe helps the user to select the agile practices relevant for the considered software development project. The corresponding assurance case...
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Container Cargo Safety. New solutions and future trends
PublikacjaThe smoothness and flexibility of distribution of goods by containers are teh most important impulses for the development in these means of transport. But the second main reason for the growing containerization of freifht is cargo safety.
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Knowledge Safety in Small and Medium Sized Service Companies:Case Study Analysis
PublikacjaPurpose: This paper aims to explore the topic of knowledge safety, defined as the state of knowledge being safe from loss, attrition, oblivion or theft. The paper first presents a theoretical background and review of previous studies on knowledge loss and retention and then illustrates the topic of knowledge safety with ten case studies from the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) sector. Methodology: The paper is based...
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INTEGRATED FUNCTIONAL SAFETY AND CYBERSECURITY ANALYSIS METHOD FOR SMART MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
PublikacjaThis article addresses integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis with regard to: the generic functional safety standard IEC 61508 and the cyber security standard IEC 62443 concerning an industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of information technology (IT) and operational technology (OT) systems, and reduce relevant risks taking into account a set of fundamental...
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Probabilistic analysis of settlements under a pile foundation of a road bridge pylon
PublikacjaThe paper addresses the reliability change of a road bridge pile foundation due to the unpredictable increase of settlements in time. The analysis is based on the Rędziński Bridge in Wrocław, Poland, its design assumptions, and monitoring results. The bridge foundation rests on a multi-layered subsoil assumed random. The Finite Element model of the subgrade is generated in ZSoil® software. To simplify the probabilistic approach,...
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Low-frequency noise in Au-decorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diode at selected ambient gases
PublikacjaWe report results of the current–voltage characteristics and low-frequency noise in Au nanoparticle (AuNP)-decorated graphene–Si Schottky barrier diodes. Measurements were conducted in ambient air with addition of either of two organic vapors, tetrahydrofuran [(CH2)4O; THF] and chloroform (CHCl3), as also during yellow light illumination (592nm), close to the measured particle plasmon polariton frequency of the Au nanoparticle...
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ROSANNE Project: New Procedure for Noise Characterisation of Road Surfaces in Europe
PublikacjaROSANNE is a collaborative project in the 7th EU Framework Programme which aims at harmonising measurement methods for skid resistance, noise emission and rolling resistance of road pavements as a preparation for standardization. The project started in November 2013 and is developing and improving standards in the field of working group CEN/TC 227/WG 5. Regarding the influence of the pavement on the road traffic noise emission,...
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Influence of Toll Collection Method on Motorways on Traffic Safety and Efficiency
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of the effectiveness analysis for various forms of toll collection on motorway gates and their impact on safety and efficiency of traffic. The results from field tests that were performed on the A1 motorway in Rusocin were used for the analysis. The research included the analysis of the video image of driver behaviour on the way to the toll booths and at toll booths. The PTV VISSIM tool was used to...
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Rolling Resistance And Tire/Road Noise on Rubberized Asphalt Pavement In Poland
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of tire/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone-matrix asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberized asphalt developed and produced by the company in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and additive of crumb rubber. First observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger car...
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Ergonomic Aspects of Development of Architecture in the Context of Sanitary and Hygiene Safety
PublikacjaAbstract Ergonomics answers the need of safe development of space by creating spatial forms which help to implement the safety procedures and limit the threats involved both in ordinary use of the spaces and in case of unforeseen events. Using the knowledge of ergonomics and architecture on the basis of defining the routes of germ transmission, allows to limit the spread of those organisms. Ergonomics of developing architectural...
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Designing Control and Protection Systems with Regard to Integrated Functional Safety and Cybersecurity Aspects
PublikacjaThis article addresses current problems of risk analysis and probabilistic modelling for functional safety management in the life cycle of safety-related systems. Two main stages in the lifecycle of these systems are distinguished, namely the design and operation. The risk analysis and probabilistic modelling differ in these stages in view of available knowledge and data. Due to the complexity and uncertainty involved, both qualitative...
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Technological innovation and cost-benefit analysis of safety-related solutions
PublikacjaW rozdziale przedstawia się aktualne zagadnienia dotyczące innowacji technologicznych oraz analizę kosztów i efektów rozwiązań związanych z bezpieczeństwem na przykładzie systemów elektrycznych, elektronicznych i programowalnych elektronicznych (E/E/PE), pełniących funkcje monitorowania, sterowania i zabezpieczeń w instalacjach podwyższonego ryzyka. Podkreśla się znaczenie kryteriów związanych z bezpieczeństwem, takich jak tolerowalność...
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Blended Learning in Teaching Safety of Electrical Installations
PublikacjaBlended learning becomes more commonly used in teaching information technology or other subjects, which involve practice in computer laboratories. In case of subjects with no access to computer rooms blended learning supports lecturing and teaching classes e.g. interactive lessons. The article presents the use of blended learning forms in Gdansk University of Technology in teaching the subject of Safety of Electrical Installations....
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Carotid Artery Stenting and Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability in Subjects with Chronic Carotid Artery Stenosis
PublikacjaFailure of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical event in the development and progression of diseases such as acute ischemic stroke, chronic ischemia or small vessels disease that affect the central nervous system. It is not known whether BBB breakdown in subjects with chronic carotid artery stenosis can be restrained with postoperative recovery of cerebral perfusion. The aim of the study was to assess the short-term effect...
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Reliability And Safety As An Objective Of Intelligent Transport Systems In Urban Areas
PublikacjaTechnologies that use transport telematics offer tools for strengthening urban transport systems. They rationalise the use of the existing infrastructure and transport management systems, increase their reliability and safety and improve the transport behaviour of residents, while reducing the operating costs of transport. The main reason for using Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) is the need to implement measures to reduce...
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Know your safety indicator – A determination of merchant vessels Bow Crossing Range based on big data analytics
PublikacjaEven in the era of automatization maritime safety constantly needs improvements. Regardless of the presence of crew members on board, both manned and autonomous ships should follow clear guidelines (no matter as bridge procedures or algorithms). To date, many safety indicators, especially in collision avoidance have been proposed. One of such parameters commonly used in day-to-day navigation but usually omitted by researchers is...
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The Belt and Road Initiative and export variety: 1996–2019
PublikacjaThis study examines the association between the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and export variety (EV). We propose three hypotheses on how BRI may foster export markets (destinations) or export product lines. The estimates are based on a dataset constructed specifically for this analysis, covering 183 countries and linked with trade data from 1996 to 2019. We apply the instrumental variable (IV) approach in regressions for covering the...
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Essays on China's international trade - focus on One-Belt One-Road initiative
PublikacjaThis thesis explores China's international trade from trade, global value chains (GVCs) and export diversity, focusing on the "One-Belt One-Road" (OBOR) initiative proposed at the end of 2013. Specifically, I verify the potential association of OBOR with bilateral imports and exports in the first chapter. Then the relationship between OBOR and GVCs has been explored in Chapter 2. And I have extended the research in GVCs to China's...
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Systems engineering approach to functional safety and cyber security of industrial critical installations
PublikacjaThis chapter addresses the systems engineering approach to integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis and management regarding selected references, standards and requirements concerning critical installations and their industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of industrial installations that include the information technology (IT) and the operational technology...
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Systems engineering approach to functional safety and cyber security of industrial critical installations
PublikacjaThis chapter addresses the systems engineering approach to integrated functional safety and cybersecurity analysis and management regarding selected references, standards and requirements concerning critical installations and their industrial automation and control system (IACS). The objective is to mitigate the vulnerability of industrial installations that include the information technology (IT) and the operational technology...
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On the use of leading safety indicators in maritime and their feasibility for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
PublikacjaAlthough the safety of prospective Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships will largely depend on their ability to detect potential hazards and react to them, the contemporary scientific literature lacks the analysis of how to achieve this. This could be achieved through an application of leading safety indicators. The aim of the performed study was to identify the research directions of leading safety indicators in three safety-critical...
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CERTIFICATION SYSTEM AS A TOOL FOR IMPROVING THE SAFETY AND SUSTAINABILITY OF SCHOOL-RELATED TRAVELS
PublikacjaDespite the well-established physical, social, emotional, cognitive, and spatial benefits of active and autonomous school commuting of children and adolescents', many are driven by car. Pilot surveys and field research held in 2019 in 10 Gdansk primary schools confirmed this trend. The article presents a certification system for schools, commissioned by the City of Gdańsk, which is an element of a systemic solution shaping patterns...
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Functional safety in the context of risk appraisal criteria and cost-benefit analysis
PublikacjaRozdział przedstawia aktualne zagadnienia dotyczące analizy kosztów i efektów rozwiązań związanych z bezpieczeństwem na przykładzie systemów elektrycznych, elektronicznych i programowalnych elektronicznych (E/E/PE) pełniących funkcje sterowania i zabezpieczeń w obiektach podwyższonego ryzyka. Podkreśla się znaczenie kryteriów związanych z bezpieczeństwem, takich jak tolerowalność ryzyka (TOR) w kontekście analizy kosztów i efektów...
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Modeling the effect of electric vehicles on noise levels in the vicinity of rural road sections
PublikacjaNumerous European countries experience a steady increase in the share of electric (EV) and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles in the traffic stream. These vehicles, often referred to as low- or zero-emission vehicles, significantly reduce air pollution in the road environment. They also have a positive effect on noise levels in city centers and in the surroundings of low-speed roads. Nevertheless, issues related to modeling noise from...
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The quantum free energy barrier for hydrogen vacancy diffusion in Na3AlH6
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Thermal Barrier as a technique of indirect heating and cooling for residential buildings
PublikacjaW artykule zaprezentowano koncept pośredniego ogrzewania i chłodzenia budynków mieszkalnych promieniowaniem słonecznym zwany barierą termiczną. System składa się z polipropylenowych rurek umieszczonych w ścianach zewnętrznych, w których znajduje się płyn. Koncept jest zastosowany do stabilizacji i redukcji przepływu ciepła w kierunku prostopadłym do ścian. Wykonano obszerne obliczenia MES z zastosowaniem nowego systemu kontroli,...
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Application of road map of operating condition for estimation of fuel and electric energy consumption from city transport
PublikacjaThe paper presents procedure of data collecting and generation of road map of operating condition in the selected urban area. This map allows forecasting the selected vehicle operating parameters for the assumed road. The main parameters calculated using the road maps of operating conditions are: total energy spent to drive the selected vehicle, consumed fuel, travel time, average speed of travel, CO2 emissions. Presented example...
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Analysis of the relationship between the length of eye fixation and the parameters of advertisements visible from the road
PublikacjaIn Poland, many advertising signs addressed to motorists are located along the roadside. Advertisements do not serve any traffic related purpose and can distract drivers making them less reliable and as a consequence, reduce road safety. The existing regulations only apply to the carriageway. The research is conducted as part of the RID project. The objective of the RID project is to create a "Manual for positioning roadside advertising...
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Analysing the impact of traffic incidents on express road traffic flow using FREEVAL
PublikacjaTraffic incidents occurring on motorways or express roads cause disruptions and deteriorate traffic conditions. The impact will differ depending on the type of incident, its duration and space blocked on the roadway and can be measured with e.g. average speed reduction, extension of travel time, time lost or overall costs of traffic disruptions. The aim of the paper is to analyse this impact, based on data from the Tri-City Ring...
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On a systematic perspective on risk for formal safety assessment (FSA)
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Effect of vehicle motion stability after impact/crash on traffic safety
PublikacjaThe article presents the application of general stability theory to the study of road traffic stability immediately after an impact (crash, collision). It turns out that when modelling a collision, vehicles can be treated as colliding masses and dynamical systems can be assigned to this phenomenon.
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A Survey of Vehicular Network Systems for Road Traffic Management
PublikacjaIn this survey, we analyze the proposals of vehicular communication systems in the context of road traffic management. Starting with the definition of communications between vehicles (V2V), vehicles-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicles-to-everything (V2X), we first focus on the requirements and current standards for the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), including the maximum communication delay, the communication range and the...
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Method of selecting programming practices for the safety-critical software development projects
PublikacjaIn recent years a plan-driven approach traditionally used in safety-critical software development has been put to a test by rapidly changing technologies, more diverse group of clients and volatile market requirements. The need to deliver good quality systems, faster and at lower cost in comparison to competitors encouraged companies to look for more efficient solutions. Agile methodologies are known to successfully address these...
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A pin-on-disc study of airborne wear particle emissions from studded tyre on concrete road contacts
PublikacjaStudded tyres wear surfaces of winter roads, generating inhalable airborne particles. In this study, four concrete road materials and two stud geometries were investigated in terms of wear, road material hardness and airborne particle concentration. The sliding contact between studded tyres and road materials was studied using a pin-on-disc machine in a clean chamber. The results show that the normal load and the stud size have...
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Site environment type – The main factor of urban road dust toxicity?
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Targ Węglowy as the keystone of two ring road complexes of Gdańsk city centre
PublikacjaThe urban structure of Gdansk city centre is determined by two ring road complexes. The first of them, the Gdansk Ring, has been created as a result of a city defortification at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and has been destroyed in the end of World War Two with the rest of Gdansk. The second, the Main Town Green Belt, has been formed in place of the medieval fortification system of the city’s most important historical...
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Uncertainty assessment in the safety and security oriented risk analyses
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono uwzględnienie oceny niepewności w procesie związanym z analizą ryzyka i analizą bezpieczeństwa oraz ochroną informacji. Przedstawiona została koncepcja oceny bezpieczeństwa i zarządzania ryzykiem z uwzględnieniem analizy warstw zabezpieczeń LOPA. W artykule nakreślono wyzwania związane z integracją podejścia oceny bezpieczeństwa (safety) i ochrony informacji (security) w projektowaniu systemów zabezpieczeń...
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The multivariate multilevel analisis of different regional factors impact on road saferty in european country regions = Wielopoziomowa analiza wieloczynnikowa wpływu różnych charakterystyk regionalnych na poziom bezpieczeństwo ruchu w regionach krajów europejskich
PublikacjaIn this research, the effect of the European regional differences on the risk of been killed in road accident in these regions is investigated. Factors which differentiate regions can be described as automotive, economic, infrastructural, demographic, geographic. Analyzed risk, counted as regional fatality rate was modeled by the Poisson model. Because of regional diversity of Poisson distribution parameters, the Poisson distribution...