Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: nonlinear control wastewater treatment plant
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Polysaccharides-Based Hybrid Materials for Bio- and Non-Bio Sectors. Edytorial
PublikacjaThis special edition spotlights the recent research in the design, development, and emerging applications of polysaccharides-based hybrid materials for biotechnological and biomedical purposes. All the articles published in this issue underscore the significance of materials derived from cellulose, alginate, chitosan, starch, and carrageenan for various applications, including enzyme production, encapsulation, targeted drug delivery,...
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CONTROL OF THE WAVES IN A TOWING TANK WITH THE USE OF A BLACK-BOX MODEL
PublikacjaThe paper describes an adaptive control system of the waves, implemented in the Ship Design and Research Centre, CTO S.A. The purpose of generating the waves in the towing tank is the modelling of the environmental conditions during hydrodynamic model tests. The tests are performed on scale models of towed or free running ships, anchored structures like oil rigs or bottommounted structures, e.g. wind turbines. In the towing tank...
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Problemy zarządzania bezpieczeństwem obiektu przemysłowego podwyższonego ryzyka
PublikacjaW rozdziale przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia dotyczące zarządzania bezpieczeństwem w zautomatyzowanym złożonym obiekcie podwyższonego ryzyka. Pokazano, że ryzyko strat można istotnie ograniczyć stosując odpowiednie rozwiązania techniczne w postaci warstwowego systemu zabezpieczeń, który obejmuje podstawowy system sterowania procesem, człowieka-operatora i system automatyki zabezpieczeniowej. Podkreślono znaczenie właściwego zaprojektowania...
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Sensorless Control of Induction Motor Based on Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Observer With Speed Convergence Improvement
PublikacjaThe super twisting sliding-mode observer (ST-SMO) has been proposed to achieve an effective method for alleviating low-order harmonics of measured quantities, issues related to DC drift, and suppression of chattering due to low-frequency sampling. The conventional ST-SMO, on the other hand, suffers from control delay in the convergence trajectory due to the system disturbance, resulting in decreased anti-disturbance capability...
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Pilot scale degradation study of 16 selected volatile organic compounds by hydroxyl and sulfate radical based advanced oxidation processes
PublikacjaThe studies of effective technologies for complete degradation of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are very important due to the high biotoxicity of the VOCs which makes the biological technologies ineffective. It also increases the risk of VOCs emission instead of their treatment when using open air biological technologies. In the present study, different types of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were investigated for...
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Possibilities of Leachate Co-Treatment Originating from Biogas Production in the Deammonification Process
PublikacjaIn the methane fermentation process, sewage sludge is the single substrate or serves as a co-substrate with the addition of various waste products. After the treatment stable digestate is obtained, which consists of two phases solid and liquid. Liquid phase, called as a leachate, due to the high content of nutrients must be treated before they are discharged into the final receiver. Physical and chemical methods of leachate treatment...
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Reaktory elektrochemiczne w przemyśle - konstrukcja i zastosowania
PublikacjaZ biegiem lat reakcje elektrochemiczne przestały być postrzegane jedynie jako eksperymenty laboratoryjne lub proste baterie. Chociaż mechanizm reakcji i budowa prostych reaktorów znana jest ludzkości już od ponad 100 lat w ostatnich latach można zauważyć największy wzrost zainteresowania tą dziedziną. Nowy stale opracowywane są lepsze projekty budowy reaktorów. Modyfikacje to nie tylko rodzaje i formy materiałów, z których wykonane...
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Broken Rotor Symptons in the Sensorless Control of Induction Machine
PublikacjaInverter fed sensorless controlled variable speed drives with induction machine are widely used in the industry applications, also in wind power generation and electric vehicles. On-line self diagnostic systems implementation is needed for early stage fault detection and avoiding a critical fault. Diagnostic algorithms in modern DSP-based controllers can operate simultaneously with control system functions. In the closed-loop controlled...
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Cytotoxicity of chitosan hydrogels aginst L929 cells
Dane BadawczeThis study presents absorbance values of formazan product (converted from MTT) which corresponds to the cytotoxicity of chitosan compounds (dissolved in carbonic acid, dissolved in carbonic acid endotoxin free, and dissolved in hydroxyacetic acid) aginst adult mouse fibroblast L929 cells. The experiments were carried out according to the ISO 10993-5:2009(E)...
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The impact of slowly biodegradable organic compounds on the oxygen uptake rate in activated sludge systems
PublikacjaThe hydrolysis process of slowly biodegradable substrate (Xs) have impact on the efficiencies of nutrient removal in activated sludge systems. Measurement of OUR and corresponding COD is accepted as a very useful tool to reflect the consumption of biodegradable substrates. The influence of the readily biodegradable substrate (Ss) in biological wastewater treatment systems has been extensively investigated, but little is known about...
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The impact of slowly biodegradable organic compounds on the oxygen uptake rate in activated sludge systems
PublikacjaThe hydrolysis process of slowly biodegradable substrate (Xs) have impact on the efficiencies of nutrient removal in activated sludge systems. Measurement of OUR and corresponding COD is accepted as a very useful tool to reflect the consumption of biodegradable substrates. The influence of the readily biodegradable substrate (Ss) in biological wastewater treatment systems has been extensively investigated, but little is known about...
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Comparison of Ozonation and Evaporation as Treatment Methods of Recycled Water for Bioethanol Fermentation Process
PublikacjaThe paper compared the performance of the ethanol yield after alcoholic fermentation with samples of rejected (RW) and permeate water (PW), RW and PW treated by oxidation with ozone (O3) (5 and 15 min) and evaporation, aiming the recirculation back to the bioethanol process. RW and PW were collected after an anaerobic bioreactor (AnBR) used for stillage treatment. Nine types of fermentations were made, where one used 100% tap...
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The propagation of the waves in the CTO S.A. towing tank
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of research focused on the wave propagation in the CTO S.A. deepwater towing tank. In the scope of paper, the wavemaker transfer function was determined for regular waves, based on the Biésel Transfer Function and further for irregular waves, based on Hasselman model of nonlinear energy transfer. The phenomena: wave damping, wave breakdown and wave reflection, were measured, analyzed and mathematically...
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Speed sensorless ac drive with inverter output filter and fault detection using load torque signal
PublikacjaIn this paper, a sensorless induction motor (IM) drive using speed observer system is presented. The system includes load torque computation for gear fault detection. Nonlinear control method is adopted for controlling the motor over a wide speed range. An LC filter for smoothing current and voltage waveforms is used at the output of the voltage inverter. The use of filter imposes more building of the used observer to avoid using...
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Synteza bezczujnikowego sterowania maszyną indukcyjną klatkową zasilaną z falownika prądu
PublikacjaSynteza bezczujnikowego sterowania maszyną indukcyjną klatkową zasilaną z falownika prądu stanowi cel niniejszej monografii. Praca zawiera podstawowe informacje na temat modelowania układu napędowego z maszyną indukcyjną klatkową zasilaną z falownika prądu. Przedstawiono informacje na temat linearyzacji nieliniowych obiektów. Na pod-stawie metody syntezy strukturalnej opracowano nowe transformacje do postaci zmien-nych multiskalarnych,...
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Anthropogenic trace metals in Setiu Wetland: Spatial and seasonal distribution and implications for environmental health
PublikacjaThe growing urban wastewater volume poses a major global environmental challenge, especially in developing nations where inadequate treatment and discharge impact clean water availability. This study focused on Setiu Wetland, aiming to analyze seasonal and spatial variations of trace metals in particulate form from anthropogenic and pathogenic sources. Surface water samples were collected from multiple stations, measuring physical...
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The selective salinity and hydrazine parameters for the start-up of non-anammox-specific biomass SBR
PublikacjaThe presence of ammonium (NH 4+ ) in wastewater above the permissible limits leads to undesirable ecological impact and public health concerns. In this study, the anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria-mediated nitrogen removal was investigated using a sequential batch reactor (SBR). Effects of different salinity levels were evaluated on the bacterial activity at: mild (below 0.2 g NaCl/L), elevated (18.2 g NaCl/L) and...
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Zintegrowane sterowanie systemami zaopatrzenia w wodę pitną
PublikacjaOptymalne ekonomicznie zaspokojenie w miastach bieżącego zapotrzebowania na wodę pitną tak, aby spełnione były wymagania jakości dostaw oraz jakości samej wody jest złożonym zadaniem. Zarówno aspekty aplikacyjne jak i teoretyczne tego problemu są przedmiotem intensywnych prac prowadzanych w sektorach naukowych i przemysłowych na całym świecie. Prace te finansowane są przez przemysł, komitety naukowe oraz Programy Ramowe Unii Europejskiej....
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COMPARISON OF THE CONVENTIONAL AND ALTERNATIVE GRANULAR MATERIALS FOR DUAL-MEDIA FILTRATION OF GROUNDWATER: PILOT PLANT TESTING
PublikacjaNowadays, occurrence of abnormal mineral or organic natural (geogenic) compounds concentrations, in ground and infiltration water, but also quite often in surface waters, is now a common problem encountered in Poland, Europe and many other countries throughout the world. The most concern is usually paid on the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) as well as anthropogenic compounds (in particular referring to the organic compounds...
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Incorporation of the sulfur cycle in sustainable nitrogen removal systems - A review
PublikacjaIn wastewater treatment systems, sulfur (S) removal processes are generally based on heterotrophic sulfate (SO42−) reduction by sulfate reducing bacteria and S-dependent autotrophic denitrification by sulfur oxidizing bacteria. A combination of either two cycles (N and S) or three cycles (N, S and C) appears to be a viable approach to sustainable wastewater treatment, resulting in energy savings and reduction of sludge production....
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REVIEW ON COMPETITION АОB AND NОВ AS AN IMPORTANT ELEMENT FOR COST EFFECTIVE METHODS OF REMOVING NITROGEN FROM WASTEWATER
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is analysis of process principles and possible factors used to induce inhibition of nitrite oxidation by NOB (Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria) which could be obtained during not very well understood processes: so called “shortcut” or “partial” nitrification as well deammonification, by qualitative/quantitative studies of AOB (Ammonium Oxidizing Bacteria) and NOB populations in activated...
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Detection of the Oocyte Orientation for the ICSI Method Automation
PublikacjaAutomation or even computer assistance of the popular infertility treatment method: ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection) would speed up the whole process and improve the control of the results. This paper introduces a preliminary research for automatic spermatozoon injection into the oocyte cytoplasm. Here, the method for detection a correct orientation of the polar body of the oocyte is presented. Proposed method uses deep...
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Influence of Cement Replacement with Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA) on the Heat of Hydration of Cement Mortar
PublikacjaThe amount of fly ash from the incineration of sewage sludge is increasing all over the world, and its utilization is becoming a serious environmental problem. In the study, a type of sewage sludge ash (SSA) collected directly from the municipal sewage treatment plant was used. Five levels of cement replacement (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10% and 20%) and unchanged water-to-binder (w/b) ratio (0.55) were used. The purpose of the study was...
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Self-optimizing narrowband interference canceller - can reference signal help?
PublikacjaSONIC (Self-Optimizing Narrowband Interference Canceller) is an acronym of the recently proposed active noise control algorithm with interesting adaptivity and robustness properties. SONIC is a purely feedback controller, capable of rejecting nonstationary sinusoidal disturbances (with time-varying amplitudes and/or frequencies) in the presence of plant (secondary path) uncertainties. We show that even though SONIC can work reliably...
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Efficacy of intralesional bleomycin in treatment resistant viral warts
PublikacjaIntroduction Optimal management of treatment-refractory viral warts caused by human papillomavirus is unknown. One of the treatment methods is intralesional bleomycin solution. Objective To determine risk factors for resistant viral warts (not responding to conventional treatments for ≥ 6 months), to determine the effectiveness and safety of intralesional bleomycin in a group of patients with viral warts resistant to conventional...
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Performance evaluation and model-based optimization of the mainstream deammonification in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor
PublikacjaThis study aimed to model and optimize mainstream deammonification in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) pilot plant under natural seasonal temperature variations. The effect of gradually decreasing temperature on the performance was evaluated during a winter season and a transition period to summer conditions, and the correlation of the performance parameters was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA)....
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Singlet oxygen-dominated peroxymonosulfate activation by layered crednerite for organic pollutants degradation in high salinity wastewater
PublikacjaAdvanced oxidation processes have been widely studied for organic pollutants treatment in water, but the degradation performance of radical-dominated pathway was severely inhibited by the side reactions between the anions and radicals, especially in high salinity conditions. Here, a singlet oxygen (1O2)-dominated non-radical process was developed for organic pollutants degradation in high salinity wastewater, with layered crednerite...
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Design and Analysis of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Models for Achieving Self-Sustainability in Sanitation
PublikacjaThe present study investigates the potential of using fecal ash as an adsorbent and demonstrates a self-sustaining, optimized approach for urea recovery from wastewater streams. Fecal ash was prepared by heating synthetic feces to 500 °C and then processing it as an adsorbent for urea adsorption from synthetic urine. Since this adsorption approach based on fecal ash is a promising alternative for wastewater treatment, it increases...
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PRELIMINARY RESULTS FROM APPLICATION PHOSLOCK® TO REMOVE PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS FROM WASTEWATER
PublikacjaThe aim of the study is to assess the removal effectiveness of phosphorus compoundsby using lanthanum-modified bentonite. This material was produced by the Australian company Phoslock® Water Solutions Pty Ltd. According to the company, Phoslock® has substantial capacity to bound phosphate anions. The investigation was carried out in steady conditions in laboratory model with beakers. The results of the study are related to the...
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Approximation of Fractional Order Dynamic Systems Using Elman, GRU and LSTM Neural Networks
PublikacjaIn the paper, authors explore the possibility of using the recurrent neural networks (RNN) - Elman, GRU and LSTM - for an approximation of the solution of the fractional-orders differential equations. The RNN network parameters are estimated via optimisation with the second order L-BFGS algorithm. It is done based on data from four systems: simple first and second fractional order LTI systems, a system of fractional-order point...
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Photocatalysts for Solar Energy Conversion
PublikacjaPhotocatalytic oxidation over suspended solid photocatalysts (e.g., titanium dioxide) has been proposed as a sustainable process for treatment and purification of water and wastewater as well as the process for photoconversion of solar energy to hydrogen, methane, and other low hydrocarbons. Solar radiation could be used to drive heterogeneous electrochemical reactions at the surface of an optically active photocatalyst (e.g.,...
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Electrochemical Production of Sodium Hypochlorite from Salty Wastewater Using a Flow-by Porous Graphite Electrode
PublikacjaThe production of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) from salty wastewater using an electrochemical cell has several advantages over other methods that often require hazardous chemicals and generate toxic waste, being more sustainable and environmentally friendly. However, the process of producing sodium hypochlorite using an electrochemical cell requires careful control of the operating conditions, such as the current density, flow rate,...
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A significance of multi slip condition for inclined MHD nano-fluid flow with non linear thermal radiations, Dufuor and Sorrot, and chemically reactive bio-convection effect
PublikacjaThe aim of this research is to discuss the significance of slip conditions for magnetized nanofluid flow with the impact of nonlinear thermal radiations, activation energy, inclined MHD, sorrot and dufour, and gyrotactic micro motile organisms over continuous stretching of a two-dimensional sheet. The governing equations emerge in the form of partial differential equations. Since the resultant governing differential equations...
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Assessment of diversity and composition of bacterial community in Sludge Treatment Reed Bed systems
PublikacjaDue to their low emission of odours and lack of the need to apply additional chemical agents, sludge treatment reed beds (STRBs) constitute an economically feasible and eco-friendly approach to sewage sludge management. Correctly designed and operated STRBs ensure effective reduction of the dry matter content coupled with the mineralisation of organic compounds. Successful operation of STRBs relies on complex interactions between...
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Polish experience in operation of sludge treatment reed beds
PublikacjaSludge Treatment Reed Beds (STRBs) is the technology of sludge treatment, which is based on natural processes occurring in the environment, in specially designed and operated facilities to achieve benefits for the environment. Integrated dewatering and stabilization occur in reed systems. For economic and environmental reasons it is an attractive solution, especially in rural areas where there are no appropriate facilities. In...
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Changes of microbiological quality of water in distribution system. Zmiany mikrobiologicznej jakości wody w sieci dystrybucyjnej.
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono mikrobiologiczną jakość wody podziemnej uzdatnianej w dwóch stacjach oczyszczania wody (WTP I i WTP II), w sieci dystrybucyjnej. Obie stacje uzdatniania stosują dezynfekcję za pomocą dwutlenku chloru. Badania wykazały wzrost ogólnej liczby bakterii w miarę zwiększania się odległości od stacji uzdatniania.In the paper microbiological quality of water in distribution system produced in two ground water treatment...
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Process Control of Biogas Purification Using Electronic Nose
PublikacjaNowadays, biogas produced from landfills and wastewater treatment plants or lignocellulosic biomass is important sustainable and affordable source of energy. Impurities from biogas stream can cause a serious odor problem, especially for residents of areas immediately adjacent to production plants. Therefore, biogas pre-treatment is necessary to protect engines that convert biogas into energy and in order to increase the specific...
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Robust identification of quadrocopter model for control purposes
PublikacjaThe paper addresses a problem of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (so-called X4-flyer or quadrocopter) utility model identification for control design purposes. To that goal the quadrotor model is assumed to be composed of two abstracted subsystems, namely a rigid body (plant) and four motors equipped with blades (actuators). The model of the former is acquired based on a well-established dynamic equations of motion while the...
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Human Factors and Functional Safety Analysis in Designing the Control Rooms of Industrial Hazardous Plants
PublikacjaIn this work some aspects of human factors and functional safety analysis in designing the control rooms of industrial hazardous plants are presented. The “defence in depth” (D-in-D) concept is outlined. Some designing issues of the alarm system (AS) with regard to human factors to be supported using the human reliability analysis (HRA) are discussed. The AS and decision support system (DSS), when properly designed, would contribute...
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Hybrid SONIC: joint feedforward–feedback narrowband interference canceler
PublikacjaSONIC (self-optimizing narrowband interference canceler) is an acronym of a recently proposed active noise control algorithm with interesting adaptivity and robustness properties. SONIC is a purely feedback controller, capable of rejecting nonstationary sinusoidal disturbances (with time-varying amplitude and/or frequency) in the presence of plant (secondary path) uncertainty. We show that although SONIC can work reliably without...
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Model-Free Controller Tuning Based on DFT Processing: Application to Induction Motor Drives
PublikacjaIn this paper, we present a new approach based on discrete Fourier transform (DFT) analysis for controller tuning of the closed-loop system with unknown plant. The DFT analysis is used to process the closed-loop measurements collected online to derive the frequency response of an initial closed-loop system that does not provide a good performance. Based on the closed-loop frequency response data, we propose two methods for tuning PID...
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Selective Harmonic Elimination PWM For a Cascaded Multi-level Inverter
PublikacjaThis paper deals with the selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (SHE-PWM) technique. This technique is used for the elimination of selected dominant low order harmonics in the multi-level inverter output voltage. The presence of these harmonics is the essential drawback of such kind of inverters; especially when it is used for the control of different AC drivers. The SHE-PWM is based...
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Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Technique based on Incremental Conductance (INCON) control algorithm
PublikacjaMaximum output power status can significantly improve the deployment rate of solar energy system. In order to get the maximum power output, issue of tracking maximum power point (MPP), reduced harmonics around MPP and improve efficiency of the solar power energy system, this paper presents the improved maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control...
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Cellulose and its derivatives, coffee grounds, and cross-linked, β-cyclodextrin in the race for the highest sorption capacity of cationic dyes in accordance with the principles of sustainable development
PublikacjaIn this study, seven different materials were analyzed and includes coffee grounds (CG), two types of cellulose (CGC and CC), two types of modified cellulose (CT and CTCD), and cross-linked β-cyclodextrin (CD-1 and CD-2) were tested as adsorbents for the removal of dyes from the wastewater. The composition, morphology, and presence of functional groups in the obtained sorption materials were characterized by elemental analysis,...
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Influence of Phosphorus Speciation on Its Chemical Removal from Reject Water from Dewatering of Municipal Sewage Sludge
PublikacjaThe aim of the presented research was the assessment of phosphorus speciation impact on the precipitation of phosphorus in reject water using Ca(OH)2. To achieve this, phosphorus speciation (organic and inorganic phosphorus in suspension and in dissolved form) in reject water that is produced during sludge dewatering, after methane digestion in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), was determined. This study covered the materials...
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Comparative analysis of switched reluctance motor control algorithms
PublikacjaПредмет исследования. Развитие микропроцессорной техники и силовой электроники позволило создавать недорогие и эффективные системы управления различными электромеханическими объектами, которые ранее широко не использовались из-за сложности управления. К таким устройствам можно отнести вентильно-индукторные электрические машины. Данные машины широко применяются в различных практических разработках, например, в тяговом электроприводе,...
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Comparative analysis of switched reluctance motor control algorithms
PublikacjaПредмет исследования. Развитие микропроцессорной техники и силовой электроники позволило создавать недорогие и эффективные системы управления различными электромеханическими объектами, которые ранее широко не использовались из-за сложности управления. К таким устройствам можно отнести вентильно-индукторные электрические машины. Данные машины широко применяются в различных практических разработках, например, в тяговом электроприводе,...
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Simulation of unsteady flow over floodplain using the diffusive wave equation and the modified finite element method
PublikacjaWe consider solution of 2D nonlinear diffusive wave equation in a domain temporarily covered by a layer of water. A modified finite element method with triangular elements and linear shape functions is used for spatial discretization. The proposed modification refers to the procedure of spatial integration and leads to a more general algorithm involving a weighting parameter. The standard finite element method and the finite difference...
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The Occurrence and Role of Tetrasphaera in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal Systems
PublikacjaThe application of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has commonly been utilized worldwide. However, the optimum efficiency has not been realized over the past decades, prompting many studies and publications. The limitations, especially comprehension of the abundance and actual potential of polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), are not fully understood. Recently identified...
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Purification of model biogas from toluene using deep eutectic solvents
PublikacjaBiogas from landfills and wastewater treatment facilities typically contain a wide range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), that can cause severe operational problems when biogas is used as fuel. Among the contaminants commonly occur aromatic compounds, i.e. benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene and xylenes (BTEX). In order to remove BTEX from biogas, different processes can be used. A promising process for VOCs removal is their absorption...