Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: sampling techniques
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Recent advances in high-frequency modeling by means of domain confinement and nested kriging
PublikacjaDevelopment of modern high-frequency components and circuits is heavily based on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. Some phenomena, although important from the point of view of the system performance, e.g., EM cross-coupling effects, feed radiation in antenna arrays, substrate anisotropy, cannot be adequately accounted for using simpler means such as equivalent network representations. Consequently, the involvement...
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Adaptive Sampling for Non-intrusive Reduced Order Models Using Multi-Task Variance
PublikacjaNon-intrusive reduced order modeling methods (ROMs) have become increasingly popular for science and engineering applications such as predicting the field-based solutions for aerodynamic flows. A large sample size is, however, required to train the models for global accuracy. In this paper, a novel adaptive sampling strategy is introduced for these models that uses field-based uncertainty as a sampling metric. The strategy uses...
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The Application of a Mobile Unmanned Device for Monitoring Water and Sediment Pollution in the Port of Gdynia
PublikacjaPollution in the Port of Gdynia can encompass various types of substances and contaminants that affect the quality of water and sediment in this region. Ships entering and leaving the port can release pollutants such as oil, fuel, waste, and chemicals into the water. Controlling and monitoring these pollutants is a crucial part of environmental stewardship. In recent years, uncrewed units have been increasingly in use for in situ...
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Validation of atmospheric aerosols sampling in equivalent fractions
PublikacjaPhysical properties and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols are of extreme importance, in many fields of interest, namely the Environment even with legal implications. Atmospheric sampling poses inherent problems with consequent demands on sampling optimisation, with sampling strategies requiring validation. In this work a study was conducted aiming at validating the collection of atmospheric aerosols in equivalent fractions....
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Validation of a sampling procedure
PublikacjaEach step of the analytical procedure influences the final results in a significant way. In the majority of cases the analytical procedure encompasses sampling because the analysis of the entire object (material) is usually not possible. Thus it is necessary to include the uncertainty related to sampling procedure in the uncertainty budget calculations. This paper describes two basic ways of estimating the sampling uncertainty,...
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Uniform sampling in constrained domains for low-cost surrogate modeling of antenna input characteristics
PublikacjaIn this letter, a design of experiments technique that permits uniform sampling in constrained domains is proposed. The discussed method is applied to generate training data for construction of fast replacement models (surrogates) of antenna input characteristics. The modeling process is design-oriented with the surrogate domain spanned by a set of reference designs optimized with respect to the performance figures and/or operating...
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Indirect Measurement of Motor Current Derivatives in PMSM Sensorless Drives
PublikacjaMotor current derivatives contain useful information for control algorithms, especially in sensorless electric drives. The measurement of motor current derivatives in electric motors supplied by voltage source inverter can be performed using di/dt transducers. However, in such a solution additional sensors have to be installed, e.g. Rogowski coils. Another approach is to measure current derivatives indirectly – by oversampling...
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Effects of Addictive Substances During Pregnancy and Infancy and Their Analysis in Biological Materials
PublikacjaThe use of addictive substances during pregnancy is a serious social problem, not only because of effects on the health of the woman and child, but also because drug or alcohol dependency it detracts from childcare and enhances the prospect of child neglect and family breakdown. Developing additive substance abuse treatment programs for pregnant women is socially important and can help ensure the health of babies, prevent subsequent...
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Spectroscopic studies on physicochemical properties of selected unsymmetrical bisacridine derivatives and NMR analysis of their interactions with the model sequence Pu22 aided by molecular dynamics
PublikacjaIn recent years, new promising acridine derivatives have appeared, belonging to the unsymmetrical bisacridines (UAs) family with high anticancer activity. Both their physicochemical properties and their mechanism of action at the molecular level have not been thoroughly analyzed so far. Four derivatives were selected for the study, termed as: C-2028, C-2041, C-2045 and C-2053. The first aim of this work was to determine the protonation...
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Sampling Procedures in Studies of Cloud Water Composition: A Review
PublikacjaThe authors set out and classify the principles of operation of known types of cloud water collectors, and critically review their advantages and drawbacks. Analysis of the literature has yielded information on the parameters of various type of collectors—sampling time, the type of cloud from which the water sample was taken, droplet diameter collected with 50% efficiency (cut off), sample analytes/ parameters determined, types...
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Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air in the Gdansk Area Using Permeation Passive Samplers
PublikacjaPassive dosimetry — known for over a hundred years — is still a useful tool in monitoring air pollutants. In this work, permeation passive samplers were used to determine indoor air quality in 22 apartments located in the Gdansk area in the northern part of Poland. The results obtained by the passive sampling technique were compared to those obtained by dynamic sampling. Attempts were also made to identify indoor sources of...
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Assessment of baby disposable diapers application for urine collection and determination of phthalate metabolites
PublikacjaThe baby disposable diapers were investigated as a sampling material for urine collection and validated for the evaluation of the exposure of children to xenobiotics. Phthalate metabolites detected in urine samples were chosen as proof-of-concept analytes. For the determination of phthalate metabolites in children’s urine samples, high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was used. Two...
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Validation of atmospheric aerosols parallel sampling in a multifold device
PublikacjaIn this work, particulate matter was collected using an active sampling system consisting of a PM10 (<10 μm) inlet coupled to a multifold device containing six channels, connected to a vacuum pump. Each channel was equipped with a filter holder fitted with adequately chosen filters. The system was fixed on a metallic structure, which was placed on the roof of the laboratory building, at the Faculty of Sciences, in Lisbon. Sampling...
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Improved Uniform Sampling in Constrained Domains for Data-Driven Modelling of Antennas
PublikacjaData-driven surrogate modelling of antenna structures is an attractive way of accelerating the design process, in particular, parametric optimization. In practice, construction of surrogates is hindered by curse of dimensionality as well as wide ranges of geometry parameters that need to be covered in order to make the model useful. These difficulties can be alleviated by constrained performance-driven modelling with the surrogate...
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Using A Particular Sampling Method for Impedance Measurement
PublikacjaThe paper presents an impedance measurement method using a particular sampling method which is an alternative to DFT calculation. The method uses a sine excitation signal and sampling response signals proportional to current flowing through and voltage across the measured impedance. The object impedance is calculated without using Fourier transform. The method was first evaluated in MATLAB by means of simulation. The method was...
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Continuous blood pressure monitoring by photoplethysmography - signal preprocessing requirements based on blood flow modelling
PublikacjaObjective. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of the signal sampling frequency and low-pass filtering on the accuracy of the localisation of the fiducial points of the photoplethysmographic signal (PPG), and thus on the estimation of the blood pressure (i.e. the accuracy of the estimation). Approach. Statistical analysis was performed on 3,799 data samples taken from a publicly available database. Four PPGfiducial...
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Flexible Knowledge–Vision–Integration Platform for Personal Protective Equipment Detection and Classification Using Hierarchical Convolutional Neural Networks and Active Leaning
PublikacjaThis work is part of an effort to develop of a Knowledge-Vision Integration Platform for Hazard Control (KVIP-HC) in industrial workplaces, adaptable to a wide range of industrial environments. The paper focuses on hazards resulted from the non-use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The objective is to test the capability of the platform to adapt to different industrial environments by simulating the process of randomly selecting...
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In-ADC, Rank-Order Filter for Digital Pixel Sensors
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new implementation of the rank-order filter, which is established on a parallel-operated array of single-slope (SS) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The SS ADCs use an “on-the-ramp processing” technique, i.e., filtration is performed along with analog-to-digital conversion, so the final states of the converters represent a filtered image. A proof-of-concept 64 × 64 array of SS ADCs, integrated with MOS...
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Digital Processing of Frequency–Pulse Signal in Measurement System
PublikacjaThe work presents the issue of the use of multichannel measurement systems of sensors processing input value to impulse signal frequency. The frequency impulse signal obtained from such sensors is often required to be processed at the same time with a voltage signal which is obtained from other sensors used in the same measurement system. In such case, it is usually necessary to sample the output signals from all sensors in the...
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Sensorless IPMSM drive with rotor position estimator based on analysis of phase current derivatives
PublikacjaThis paper describes a sensorless Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (IPMSM) drive designed for traction applications. Wide-speed sensorless operation is provided with the use of three methods of rotor position estimation designed for: a standstill, low- and high-speed range. The paper focuses on the high-speed estimation algorithm. The estimator uses the derivatives of motor phase currentsresulting from PWM modulation...
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Error analysis of calculating average d-q current components using Regular Sampling and Park transformation in FOC drives
PublikacjaIn electric drives using voltage source inverters, motor currents contain ripple component resulting from pulse-width modulated (PWM) voltage. The frequency range of the ripples is much higher than the bandwidth of current control. Therefore the control is performed on the basis of a fundamental current component, i.e. average value with the averaging time being the PWM period. In majority of cases the average current is measured...
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Analytical modeling of electric drives for vehicle traction control systems
PublikacjaWheel-torque control bandwidth in vehicle dynamics model is crucial in evaluating optimal tracking ability of tire slip and in analysis of control system stability. Electric drives’ control dynamics are influenced by timing of digital control events, e.g. by sampling instant of motor currents. Reflecting this timing in drive analytical models is therefore important for analysis of vehicle traction systems. The paper considers five...
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BEXUS 30 Stardust – Preliminary Results of Investigation of Microbes in the Stratosphere
PublikacjaThe stratospheric microbiome has been investigated several times using the methods of classical microbiology. In this experiment, we have combined them with some novel approaches.. Diversification of methods has helped better describe the collected microorganisms. The results of the experiment may help better understand the mechanisms of survivability of microorganisms in stratospheric conditions.
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Derivation of motor mean phase currents in PMSM drives operating with low switching-to-fundamental frequency ratio
PublikacjaPulse width modulation (PWM) of inverter output voltage causes the waveforms of motor phase cur-rents to consist of distinctive ripples. In order to provide suitable feedback for the motor current con-trollers, the mean value must be extracted from the currents’ waveforms in every PWM cycle. A com-mon solution to derive the mean phase currents is to sample their value at the midpoint of a symmetrical PWM cycle. Using an assumption...
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Online Volatile Compound Emissions Analysis Using a Microchamber/Thermal Extractor Coupled to Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry
PublikacjaIndoor air is a complex and dynamic mixture comprising manifold volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that may cause physiological and/or psychological discomfort, depending on the nature of exposure. This technical note presents a novel approach to analyze VOC emissions by coupling a microchamber/thermal extractor (μ-CTE) system to a proton transfer reaction-mass spectrometer (PTR-MS). This configuration provides an alternative to...
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Ellipse-fitting algorithm implementation in the impedance measurement system based on DAQ card with FPGA
PublikacjaThe paper presents an implementation of the ellipse-fitting algorithm in the impedance measurement system based on DAQ card equipped with FPGA chip. The method implementation was tested by simulation means as well as experimentally in the designed and presented measurement system. Finally, the limit values of sampling parameters which assures satisfying accuracy were given.
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Application of passive sampling technique in monitoring research on quality of atmospheric air in the area of Tczew, Poland.
PublikacjaThis paper presents the results of atmospheric air quality research in Tczew (adjacent to the Vistula River) on the content of BTEX compounds. Analytical procedure applied during the sampling of the analytes from the air used the passive sampling technique (diffusive passive sampler, Radiello®). For determination of BTEX compounds in atmospheric air, two-stage thermal desorption technique combined with gas chromatography (TD-GC-FID)...
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Waveform design for fast clutter cancellation in noise radars
PublikacjaCanceling clutter is an important, but computation-ally intensive part of signal processing in noise radars. It is shown that considerable improvements can be made to a simple least squares canceler if minor constraints are imposed onto noise waveform. The proposed scheme is potentially capable of canceling clutter in real-time, even for high sampling rates.
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Simulation of electric hearing - influence of simulation parameters on quality of output signal
PublikacjaW środowisku programistycznym Matlab stworzono symulację słuchu elektrycznego pacjenta implantowanego. W symulacji zastosowano algorytm przetwarzania wykorzystywany w komercyjnych systemach implantów ślimakowych - CIS (Continuous Interleaved Sampling). W pracy zbadano wpływ ilości kanałów, jak i innych parametrów sygnałów wyjściowych przy zastosowaniu sygału mowy jako sygnału wejściowego symulacji.
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Fast clutter cancellation for noise radars via waveform design
PublikacjaCanceling clutter is an important, but very expensive part of signal processing in noise radars. It is shown that considerable improvements can be made to a simple least squares canceler if minor constraints are imposed onto noise waveform. Using a combination of FPGA and CPU, the proposed scheme is capable of canceling both stationary clutter and moving targets in real-time, even for high sampling rates.
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Polyethylene glycol-coated solid-phase microextraction fibres for the extraction of polar analytes-A review
PublikacjaThe article discusses the merits and limitations of commercially available solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibres and compares them with the new type of extraction coatings, in particular those containing polyethylene glycol as sorbent, as well as the methods of the preparation of the latter. It also analyses their possible application for the extraction of a broad spectrum of analytes, with particular emphasis on the sampling...
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Sea spray as a secondary source of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants? - Conclusions from a comparison of seven fresh snowfall events in 2019 and 2021
PublikacjaSecondary sources of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) gain in importance worldwide as primary sources decline. In this work, we aim to determine whether sea spray may be a secondary source of chlorinated POPs to the terrestrial Arctic, since a similar mechanism was proposed there only for the more water-soluble POPs. To this end, we have determined polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides concentrations in fresh...
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Quality of Analytical Results: Classifiying Errors and Estimating Measurement Uncertainty
PublikacjaThe most important parameter of each analytical result is its reliability. An analytical result is not a constant value; each result has two properties, error and uncertainty. The sources of both these parameters have to be known and their values determined (estimated). All analytical results are obtained by applying an appropriate measuring procedure. The need for reliable results requires application of reliable analytical procedures,...
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Determination of volatile organic compounds in water samples using membrane-solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) (headspace version)
PublikacjaThe results of a study on the use of membrane-solid phase microextraction (M-SPME) for sampling volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the headspace above the liquid medium are presented. The sampled VOCs were subsequently quantified by gas chromatography (GC). Two systems were compared in this study, i.e. a novel two-phase sorption system (M-SPME), and a commercial fibre. Headspace sampling using SPME was optimized with respect...
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Current trends in solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibre catings
PublikacjaThis critical review presents information on known and innovative approaches to the manufacture of fibre coatings used in solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The properties, advantages and drawbacks of the different types of commercially available SPME fibre coatings are discussed in detail, as are those of novel types of coatings and the methodologies of their preparation. The applications of fibre coatings in the solid-phase...
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Direct algorithm for optimizing robust MPC of drinking water distribution systems hydraulics
PublikacjaModel-based predictive control is an effective method for control the large scale systems [1]–[6], [8], [16], [17]. Method is based on on-line solution of the control task over the control horizon using current and past measurements, as well as the system model. Only a first element of calculated control sequence is applied to the plant. At the next sampling instant, based on new process output measurements, control procedure is...
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Usage of Two-Center Basis Function Neural Classifiers in Compact Smart Resistive Sensors
PublikacjaA new solution of the smart resistance sensorwith the Two-Center Basis Function (TCBF) neuralclassifier, for which the resistance sensor is a component ofan anti-aliasing filter of an ADC is proposed. Thetemperature measurement procedure is based on excitationof the filter by square impulses, sampling time response ofthe filter and processing measured voltage values by theTCBF classifier. All steps of the measurement procedure...
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Optical Sensor Based Gestures Inference Using Recurrent Neural Network in Mobile Conditions
PublikacjaIn this paper the implementation of recurrent neural network models for hand gesture recognition on edge devices was performed. The models were trained with 27 hand gestures recorded with the use of a linear optical sensor consisting of 8 photodiodes and 4 LEDs. Different models, trained off-line, were tested in terms of different network topologies (different number of neurons and layers) and different effective sampling frequency...
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DEVELOPMENT OF THE ALGORITHM OF POLISH LANGUAGE FILM REVIEWS PREPROCESSING
PublikacjaThe algorithm and the software for conducting the procedure of Preprocessing of the reviews of films in the Polish language were developed. This algorithm contains the following steps: Text Adaptation Procedure; Procedure of Tokenization; Procedure of Transforming Words into the Byte Format; Part-of-Speech Tagging; Stemming / Lemmatization Procedure; Presentation of Documents in the Vector Form (Vector Space Model) Procedure; Forming...
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Solid Phase Microextraction: Apparatus, Sorbent Materials, and Application.
Publikacjahe primary objective of this review article is to strategically screen and highlight the advancements in the area of solid phase microextraction (SPME). The plenty of review articles have been written on different aspects of SPME, this review is dedicated to provide the brief but clear overview of the research footprints so produced from SPME. Some of the key advancements in types and designs, coating materials, coating strategies,...
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Evaluation of the fast impedance spectroscopy method in the laboratory measurement system
PublikacjaIn this paper the method for fast impedancespectroscopy of technical objects with very high impedance(|Zx| ≥ 1 GΩ) is evaluated by means of simulation and practicalexperiment. The method is based on excitation of an object, witha square pulse and measurements of voltage and currentresponses with DAQ card. The object impedance spectrum isobtained with use of continuous Fourier transform. Someimprovements of the method concerned...
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Zmiana szybkości próbkowania z zastosowaniem filtrów I-FIR
PublikacjaW pracy omówiono zagadnienie projektowania filtrów I-FIR (Interpolated FIR) na potrzeby algorytmu zmiany szybkości próbkowania (SRC - Sampling Rate Conversion). Przeprowadzono analizę skutków zastosowania filtrów I-FIR, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem analizy wydajności numerycznej implementacji algorytmów SRC realizujących konwersję pomiędzy standardem szybkości próbkowania CD i DAT. Na koniec opracowano i przeanalizowano warianty...
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Analysis of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from the Reda River and the Oliwski Stream using basic statistical methods = Zastosowanie metod ststystycznych do analizy antybiotykoodporności bakterii wskaźnikowych pochodzących z rzeki Redy i Potoku Oliwskiego
PublikacjaIn this study distribution of antimicrobial resistance patterns among fecal indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.) was examined in two watercourses. The susceptibility analyses were carried out against the antimicrobial agents, important in treating human E. coli and enterococcal infection. Water samples were obtained from the Oliwski Stream and from the Reda River. On each watercourse the five representative...
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Seagrass vegetation and meiofauna enhance the bacterial abundance in the Baltic Sea sediments (Puck Bay)
PublikacjaThis study presents the first report on bacterial communities in the sediments of eelgrass (Zostera marina) meadows in the shallow southern Baltic Sea (Puck Bay). Total bacterial cell numbers (TBNs) and bacteria biomass (BBM) assessed with the use of epifluorescence microscope and Norland’s formula were compared between bare and vegetated sediments at two localities and in two sampling summer months. Significantly higher TBNs and...
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Pikselowy cyfrowy układ CDS przeznaczony do przetwornika obrazu CMOS
PublikacjaW artykule zaproponowano cyfrowy układ CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) przeznaczony do przetwornika obrazu CMOS. Układ różni się od klasycznych rozwiązań tym, że dwie pamięci przechowujące próbki sygnału wizyjnego zastąpiono jednym licznikiem rewersyjnym. Dzięki tej modyfikacji możliwa jest znaczna redukcja powierzchni układu CDS i umieszczenie go w każdym pikselu przetwornika obrazu CMOS. System został zaprojektowany i przesymulowany...
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Pikselowy cyfrowy układ CDS przeznaczony do przetwornika obrazu CMOS
PublikacjaW artykule zaproponowano cyfrowy układ CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) przeznaczony do przetwornika obrazu CMOS. Układ różni się od klasycznych rozwiązań tym, że dwie pamięci przechowujące próbki sygnału wizyjnego zastąpiono jednym licznikiem rewersyjnym. Dzięki tej modyfikacji możliwa jest znaczna redukcja powierzchni układu CDS i umieszczenie go w każdym pikselu przetwornika obrazu CMOS. System został zaprojektowany i przesymulowany...
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Local variability in snow concentrations of chlorinated persistent organic pollutants as a source of large uncertainty in interpreting spatial patterns at all scales
PublikacjaSingle point sampling, a widespread practice in snow studies in remote areas, due to logistical constraints, can present an unquantified error to the final study results. The low concentrations of studied chemicals, such as chlorinated persistent organic pollutants, contribute to the uncertainty. We conducted a field experiment in the Arctic to estimate the error stemming from differences in the composition of snow at short distances...
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Evaluating Performance and Accuracy Improvements for Attention-OCR
PublikacjaIn this paper we evaluated a set of potential improvements to the successful Attention-OCR architecture, designed to predict multiline text from unconstrained scenes in real-world images. We investigated the impact of several optimizations on model’s accuracy, including employing dynamic RNNs (Recurrent Neural Networks), scheduled sampling, BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) and a modified attention model. BiLSTM was...
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Distribution of volatile organohalogen compounds in petrochemical plant water streams
PublikacjaThe study assesses halogenated volatile organic compound concentrations in the water and wastewaterstreams of a petrochemical plant. Water samples were collected at 11 sampling points during 5 samplingcampaigns. The samples were collected from the oil dewaxing unit and in the wastewater treatmentplant. Dichloromethane and 1,2-dichloroethane were the most frequently determined compounds. Tetrachloroethenewas also detected at the...
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High-precision bearing estimation for active sonar with cylindrical array performed by interpolated array transformation
PublikacjaThe article presents a method for improving the accuracy of bearing in multibeam sonar with a cylindrical array. The antenna’s non-linear shape and the resulting non-uniform sampling of the signal in space, mean that known methods of high-resolution spectral analysis cannot be used. In order to apply an algorithm from this group, a linear virtual antenna must be produced. The paper presents a technique of mapping a cylindrical...