Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: NATURE-BASED SOLUTION - MOST Wiedzy

Wyszukiwarka

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: NATURE-BASED SOLUTION

Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: NATURE-BASED SOLUTION

  • Poloxamer: A versatile tri-block copolymer for biomedical applications

    Publikacja
    • P. Zarrintaj
    • J. D. Ramsey
    • A. Samadi
    • Z. Atoufi
    • M. K. Yazdi
    • M. Ganjali
    • L. M. Amirabad
    • E. Zangene
    • M. Farokhi
    • K. Formela... i 3 innych

    - Acta Biomaterialia - Rok 2020

    Poloxamers, also called Pluronic, belong to a unique class of synthetic tri-block copolymers containing central hydrophobic chains of poly(propylene oxide) sandwiched between two hydrophilic chains of poly(ethylene oxide). Some chemical characteristics of poloxamers such as temperature-dependent self-assembly and thermo-reversible behavior along with biocompatibility and physiochemical properties make poloxamer-based biomaterials...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • A method of selecting light sources from night satellite scenes

    Publikacja

    Satellite images carries a lot of data. Very sophisticated methods of analyses may reveal very complicated nature of the observed objects. In case of night images, lights play the role of information sources. In this paper we would like to present results of the research aimed to describe light sources from satellite night images by providing description of their luminosity. The authors point source imaging data from the satellite...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Aerodynamics in the education of prospective architects

    The inclusion of issues of aerodynamics in the education of architecture students is discussed in this article. The field of aerodynamics knowledg of the nature of wind phenomena around building developments. It is especially important to know how to influence the occurrence of such phenomena by means of shaping buildings through architectural and urban design. The method applied for working with Master’s degree students in...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Services Marketing Influence On Marketing Theory Evolution,

    Publikacja

    - Handel Wewnętrzny - Rok 2017

    The discovery of differences between tangible goods and services in the 1970s was one of the most landmark moments in the history of marketing with an emphasis being shifted to the need for using different/diversified marketing activities while dealing with various industries and types of products. The objective of this article is to briefly characterise the evolution of the marketing thought and to present the crucial influence...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Machine learning-based prediction of seismic limit-state capacity of steel moment-resisting frames considering soil-structure interaction

    Regarding the unpredictable and complex nature of seismic excitations, there is a need for vulnerability assessment of newly constructed or existing structures. Predicting the seismic limit-state capacity of steel Moment-Resisting Frames (MRFs) can help designers to have a preliminary estimation and improve their views about the seismic performance of the designed structure. This study improved data-driven decision techniques in...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Empirical analyses of robustness of the square Msplit estimation

    Publikacja

    - Journal of Applied Geodesy - Rok 2021

    The paper presents Msplit estimation as an alternative to methods in the class of robust M-estimation. The analysis conducted showed that Msplit estimation is highly efficient in the identification of observations encumbered by gross errors, especially those of small or moderate values. The classical methods of robust estimation provide then unsatisfactory results. Msplit estimation also shows high robustness to single gross errors...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • OPTIMISING RIG DESIGN FOR SAILING YACHTS WITH EVOLUTIONARY MULTIOBJECTIVE ALGORITHM

    The paper presents a framework for optimising a sailing yacht rig using Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms and for filtering obtained solutions by means of a Multi-criteria Decision Making method. A Bermuda sloop with discontinuous rig is taken under consideration as a model rig configuration. It has been decomposed into its elements and described by a set of control parameters to form a responsive model which can be used...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Framework for Product Innovation Using SOEKS and Decisional DNA

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2016

    Product innovation always requires a foundation based on both knowledge and experience. The production and innovation process of products is very similar to the evolution process of humans. The genetic information of humans is stored in genes, chromosomes and DNA. Similarly, the information about the products can be stored in a system having virtual genes, chromosomes and decisional DNA. The present paper proposes a framework for...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Considerations of Computational Efficiency in Volunteer and Cluster Computing

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2016

    In the paper we focus on analysis of performance and power consumption statistics for two modern environments used for computing – volunteer and cluster based systems. The former integrate computational power donated by volunteers from their own locations, often towards social oriented or targeted initiatives, be it of medical, mathematical or space nature. The latter is meant for high performance computing and is typically installed...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Smart innovation process enhancement using SOEKS and decisional DNA

    Publikacja

    Product innovation always requires a foundation based on both knowledge and experience. The production and innovation process of products is very similar to the evolution process of humans. The genetic information of humans is stored in genes, chromosomes and DNA. Similarly, the information about the products can be stored in a system having virtual genes, chromosomes and decisional DNA (DDNA). The present paper proposes...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Knowledge risks - towards a taxonomy

    Publikacja

    The paper aims to identify, describe and analyse knowledge risks organisations might face and based on this, proposes a taxonomy of knowledge risks. To achieve this goal, a literature review was conducted. After the analysis of the existing material, it was possible to divide knowledge risks into two categories: internal (originating from the inside of the organisation) and external (originating from the outside of the organisation)....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • The influence of historical conditions on time and cost of construction project

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2018

    Conducting construction works in a building or in an area entered in the historic register is associated with the contracting authority's risk of incurring higher than planned costs of works, as well as delays in their implementation. In many cases, these deviations are completely independent of contracting authority and contractor. The aim of this article is to indicate the reasons for cost and time changes in the construction...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Mechanical and structural behavior of high-strength low-alloy steel pad welded by underwater wet welding conditions

    Publikacja

    - INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY - Rok 2023

    The aim of the paper was to determine the metallurgical and mechanical behaviors of a high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel pad-welded specimen used in the structures of industrial and naval parts. Then to predict the metallurgical consequences (nature of the phases present) and the mechanical properties (hardness and impact strength) of the pad-welded steel obtained by underwater wet welding with different heat input values. The...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Detection of the First Component of the Received LTE Signal in the OTDoA Method

    In a modern world there is a growing demand for localization services of various kinds. Position estimation can be realized via cellular networks, especially in the currently widely deployed LTE (Long Term Evolution) networks. However, it is not an easy task in harsh propagation conditions which often occur in dense urban environments. Recently, time-methods of terminal localization within the network have been the focus of attention,...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Optimization of boron-doping process of titania nanotubes via electrochemical method toward enhanced photoactivity

    In this work, we were focused on the development of the electrochemical approach resulting in a stable boron doping of titania nanotubes. The doping procedure concerns anodic polarization of as-anodized titania in a H3BO3 solution acting as n boron precursor. The series of attempts were taken in order to elaborate the most beneficial doping conditions. The parameters of electrochemical doping allowing to obtain boron-doped titania...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Adam Smith – Szkot, który zmienił świat…?

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2016

    Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest próba identyfi kacji roli, jaką odegrała książka Adama Smitha w kreowaniu późniejszej myśli ekonomicznej. Ponadto, w tekście znajdziemy odniesienia do pierwszych prasowych recenzji książki An Inquiry into the Nature and the Caufes of the Wealth of Nations, pierwszych oraz kolejnych jej wydań zarówno w Anglii i Szkocji jak i poza nimi. Artykuł stanowi również próbę bibliometrycznej analizy dotyczącej...

  • Selected aspects of the evolution of the industry analysis

    Publikacja

    Porter's five forces is a significant tool of analysis of industries. It helps evaluating variables of industry profitability and assessing firm performance. Using the framework, managers can take a decision as to which industries they can effectively compete in and position their companies to reduce the adverse effects of the mentioned forces. According to the critics, the five forces model is limited to its static nature. The...

  • Preparation and Properties of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Composites Filled with Powdered Buckwheat Husks

    Publikacja

    Bio-based fillers for the polymer composites are still interesting from the scientific and industrial point of view, due to their low cost and renewable nature. In this work partially green composites were obtained by the mixing of thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane) with the unmodified and modified (by acetylation) grinded buckwheat husks. Obtained biocomposites were characterized in the terms of their chemical structure (FTIR),...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Numbers, Please: Power- and Voltage-Related Indices in Control of a Turbine-Generator Set

    Publikacja

    - ENERGIES - Rok 2022

    This paper discusses the proper selection and interpretation of aggregated control performance indices values mirroring the quality of electrical energy generation by a turbine-generator set cooperating with a power system. Typically, a set of basic/classical and individual indices is used in energy engineering to ensure the mirroring feature and is related to voltage, frequency and active or reactive power deviations from their...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Machine-Learning-Based Global Optimization of Microwave Passives with Variable-Fidelity EM Models and Response Features

    Maximizing microwave passive component performance demands precise parameter tuning, particularly as modern circuits grow increasingly intricate. Yet, achieving this often requires a comprehensive approach due to their complex geometries and miniaturized structures. However, the computational burden of optimizing these components via full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations is substantial. EM analysis remains crucial for circuit...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • On Unsupervised Artificial-Intelligence-Assisted Design of Antennas for High-Performance Planar Devices

    Publikacja

    - Electronics - Rok 2023

    Design of modern antenna structures is a challenging endeavor. It is laborious, and heavily reliant on engineering insight and experience, especially at the initial stages oriented towards the devel-opment of a suitable antenna architecture. Due to its interactive nature and hands-on procedures (mainly parametric studies) for validating suitability of particular geometric setups, typical antenna development requires many weeks...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Elective seminar: Designing Urban Lighting for the Built Environment – from Theory to Practice

    Kursy Online
    • K. Zielińska-Dąbkowska
    • A. Zdanowicz

    Goal of the course:    Understanding the basic design issues related to illumination of the exterior spaces in the built environment  Course content / class schedule:   1.Student will learn the difference between Functional versus Decorative lighting in exterior spaces 2. Student will learn how artificial lighting can shape the appearance of an urban space 3. Student will learn necessary tools (luminaires, light sources,...

  • Kształtowanie toru zwrotnego rozjazdu z odcinkami krzywizny liniowej

    Publikacja

    W pracy została przedstawiona analityczna metoda kształtowania toru zwrotnego rozjazdu kolejowego posiadającego na swojej długości odcinki krzywizny liniowej. Odróżnia go to w istotny sposób od rozwiązania typowego, stanowiącego pojedynczy łuk kołowy bez krzywych przejściowych. W metodzie tej dokonano identyfikacji problemu rozkładu krzywizny za pomocą równań różniczkowych. Uzyskane rozwiązania mają charakter uniwersalny; m. in....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Kurs online wydawnictwa Nature

    Wydarzenia

    12-01-2018 11:44 - 12-01-2018 11:44

    Biblioteka zaprasza do korzystania z bezpłatnego kursu online wydawnictwa Nature dotyczącego recenzowania artykułów naukowych "Focus on Peer-review". Kurs dostępny na stronie https://masterclasses.nature.com/courses/205.

  • Evaluation of the impact of geometry and plastic deformation on the stray magnetic field around the bone shaped sample

    Influence of two factors: the variable cross-section and the localized plastic deformation, which affect the stray magnetic field profile of a ferromagnetic sample have been studied. Evaluation of an effect size is based on the analysis of the stray magnetic field component which is tangential to the longest dimension of a sample. However, in order to describe the nature of the stray magnetic field, the normal component (perpendicular...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Application Isssues of the Semi-Markov Reliability Model

    Publikacja

    Predicting the reliability of marine internal combustion engines, for instance, is of particular importance, as it makes it possible to predict their future reliability states based on the information on the past states. Correct reliability prediction is a complex process which consists in processing empirical results obtained from operating practice, complemented by analytical considerations. The process of technical state changes...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • The effect of elevated temperature on LCF damage growth in 2024AA – Experiment and modeling

    Publikacja

    - ENGINEERING FAILURE ANALYSIS - Rok 2024

    This paper presents the results of experimental low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests conducted on EN-AW 2024 alloy in T3511 temper at 100 ◦C, 200 ◦C and 300 ◦C. The material’s basic fatigue characteristics were determined, such as fatigue life curve and cyclic strain curve. Both the hysteresis loop and nature of fracture surfaces obtained in macro- and microscopic observations (scanning electron microscope, SEM) were accounted for. The...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Structural and Temporal Topic Models of Feedbacks on Service Quality – A Path to Theory Development?

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2020

    There is growing interest in applying computational methods in analysing large amount of data without sacrificing rigour in Information Systems research. In this paper, we demonstrate how the use of structural and temporal topic modelling can be employed to produce insights of both theoretical and practical importance from the analysis of textual comments on the quality of services in hospitals. As a first step, we revealed the...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Laser-Assisted Synthesis and Oxygen Generation of Nickel Nanoparticles

    Publikacja

    - Materials - Rok 2020

    Nowadays, more than ever, environmental awareness is being taken into account when it comes to the design of novel materials. Herein, the pathway to the creation of a colloid of spherical, almost purely metallic nickel nanoparticles (NPs) through pulsed laser ablation in ethanol is presented. A complex description of the colloid is provided through UV-vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering analysis, ensuring insight into...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • From structures to landscapes – towards re-conceptualization of the urban condition

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2017

    This paper presents an original approach towards the phenomena of re-naturalization of cities and indicates its possible consequences for the urban design and planning strategies. It focuses on the ongoing shift “from structures to landscapes” in understanding urban conditions. While modern architecture introduced geomet-ric compositions against the background of nature, early modern theories of architects and sociologists started...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Crucial factors for improving the ISO 14001 environmental management system

    Publikacja
    • J. Ejdys
    • A. Matusza-Flejszman
    • M. Szymański
    • L. Ustinovichius
    • G. Shevchenko
    • A. Lulewicz-Sas

    - Journal of Business Economics and Management - Rok 2016

    The practice of using environmental management systems (EMS) ISO 14001 at the organisational level indicates that the efficacy of such solutions depends on many factors, both endogenous and exogenous in nature. This article aims to identify the fac- tors that determine the opportunities for the improvement of EMS in organisations, the analysis of the relationship between the factors and the classification of the factors due to...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Application of BN in Risk Diagnostics Arising from the Degree of Urban Regeneration Area Degradation

    Publikacja

    Urban regeneration as a complex project, generates many extremely specific threats affecting the increase of investment risk. Its unique nature causes that probability parameter, normally applied in the process of risk quantification, is extremely difficult to estimate. Due to lack of historical data urban regeneration related activities are therefore associated with uncertainty. According to the authors, a useful tool for resolving...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Application of Bayesian Networks in risk diagnostics arising from the degree of urban regeneration area degradation

    Publikacja

    Urban regeneration as a complex project, generates many extremely specific threats affecting the increase of investment risk. Its unique nature causes that probability parameter, normally applied in the process of risk quantification, is extremely difficult to estimate. Due to lack of historical data urban regeneration related activities are therefore associated with uncertainty. According to the authors, a useful tool for resolving...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Potential Application of Solar Energy Systems for Electrified Urban Transportation Systems

    Publikacja

    The paper presents a novel approach toward the use of solar energy systems in public transportation. The concept of energy generation in PV systems for supplying a trolleybus transportation system is proposed for the city of Gdynia (Poland). The suggested way of energy production allows reducing the environmental harm impact of the municipal transportation system. Moreover, the proposed way of green energy use can be a more profitable...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • DAB+ Coverage Analysis: a New Look at Network Planning using GIS Tools

    For many years, the matter of designing a transmitter network, optimized for best signal coverage, has been a subject of intense research. In the last decade, numerous researchers and institutions used GIS and spatial analysis tools for network planning, especially transmitter location. Currently, many existing systems operate in a strictly two-dimensional manner, not taking into account the three-dimensional nature of the analyzed...

  • Metody strojenia regulatorów typu PID z wykorzystaniem technologii syntezy regulatorów od stanu

    Układy sterujące typu PID są jednymi z najbardziej popularnych regulatorów wykorzystywanych w układach regulacji. W związku z tym znanych jest szereg metod doboru wartości ich parametrów (nastaw). Obok różnych metod inżynierskich czy analitycznych strojenia tego typu regulatorów, dostępne są również podejścia bazujące na optymalizacji. Wskaźnikiem jakości znajdującym w nich zastosowanie jest np. całka z kwadratu uchybu. W artykule...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • LAND ART / CZŁOWIEK W NATURZE / NATURA CZŁOWIEKA / LAND ART / MAN IN NATURE / HUMAN NATURE

    Kursy Online
    • P. Sasin

    Komponent modułu przedmiot Kompozycja - koordynator modułu: prof. Krzysztof Wróblewski Prowadzący: dr hab. Janusz Tkaczuk, prof. uczelni  mgr Paweł Sasin  english version below Kompozycja rzeźbiarska w przestrzeni: zaprojektowanie rzeźbiarskiego układu jednej lub kilku form abstrakcyjnych wynikających z inspiracji sztuką land art’u. Miejscem zbudowania kompozycji jest środowisko naturalne. Punkt wyjścia to określenie wzajemnej...

  • The excitation controller with gain scheduling mechanism for synchronous generator control

    The power systems, including the synchronous generators and power systems networks, are complex nonlinear systems with configuration and parameters which change through time. That leads to electromechanical oscillations occurring in that system. Thus synchronous generator excitation controller must be capable of providing appropriate stabilization signal over broad range of operating conditions and disturbances. In this paper,...

  • To Survive in a CBRN Hostile Environment: Application of CAVE Automatic Virtual Environments in First Responder Training

    Publikacja
    • P. Maciejewski
    • M. Gawlik-Kobylińska
    • J. Lebiedź
    • W. Ostant
    • D. Aydın

    - Rok 2020

    This paper is of a conceptual nature and focuses on the use of a specific virtual reality environment in civil-military training. We analyzed the didactic potential of so-called CAVE automatic virtual environments for First Responder training, a type of training that fills the gap between First Aid training and the training received by emergency medical technicians. Since real training involves live drills based on unexpected situations,...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Detection of Delamination in Laminate Wind Turbine Blades Using One-Dimensional Wavelet Analysis of Modal Responses

    This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of a nondestructive diagnostic technique used to determine the location and size of delamination in laminated coatings of wind turbine blades. This is realized based on results of numerical and experimental investigations obtained by the use of the finite element method (FEM) and laser scanning vibrometry (LSV). The proposed method is based on the one-dimensional continuous wavelet transform...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Knowledge management implementation in small and micro KIBS : A categorization

    Publikacja

    - Knowledge and Process Management - Rok 2023

    he main goal of the paper is to provide a statistical categorization of small and micro knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) companies, based on their knowledge management (KM) attitude. Since knowledge is the main production factor and output of these companies, it is essential to achieve a better understanding of how they manage this resource. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on a sample of Polish small and micro...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • AI-powered Digital Transformation: Tools, Benefits and Challenges for Marketers – Case Study of LPP

    Publikacja

    The article aims to show the role (benefits and challenges) of AI-powered digital marketing tools for marketers in the age of digital transformation. The considerations were related to the Polish market and a case study of LPP, a Polish clothing retailer. The starting point for this study was the analysis of the literature on the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) with reference to digital marketing. In the next steps, the...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Progress towards a unified approach to entanglement distribution

    Publikacja

    - PHYSICAL REVIEW A - Rok 2015

    Entanglement distribution is key to the success of secure communication schemes based on quantum mechanics, and there is a strong need for an ultimate architecture able to overcome the limitations of recent proposals such as those based on entanglement percolation or quantum repeaters. In this work we provide a broad theoretical background for the development of such technologies. In particular, we investigate the question of whether...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Public Perception of Digital Contact Tracing App and Implications for Technology Acceptance and Use Models

    Publikacja

    - Rok 2021

    Governments are increasingly adopting digital contact tracing applications (DCT) as a key component of their response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, governments are struggling to achieve widespread adoption of DCT necessary for obtaining the expected individual and public benefits associated with its use. Consequently, studies on DCT have focused on the barriers to DCT adoption in different contexts and possible ways of overcoming...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • The potential of Web-GIS and geovisual analytics in the context of marine cadastre

    Publikacja

    - SURVEY REVIEW - Rok 2017

    The importance of the marine environment to human existence makes it imperative that information models represent the multidimensional nature of reality as closely as possible in order to facilitate good governance. Information regarding jurisdiction, as well as the effects of formal law and community interests on the marine environment (e.g. nature and spatial extents as well as rights, responsibilities, restrictions etc.) would...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Spectroscopic and magnetic studies of highly dispersible superparamagnetic silica coated magnetite nanoparticles

    Publikacja

    - JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS - Rok 2017

    Superparamagnetic behavior in aqueously well dispersible magnetite core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles is presented. The magnetic properties of core-shell nanoparticles were measured with use of the DC, AC magnetometry and EPR spectroscopy. Particles were characterized by HR-TEM and Raman spectroscopy, showing a crystalline magnetic core of 11.5 ± 0.12 nm and an amorphous silica shell of 22 ± 1.5 nm in thickness. The DC, AC magnetic...

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Intelligent Decision Forest Models for Customer Churn Prediction

    Publikacja
    • F. E. Usman-Hamzah
    • A. O. Balogun
    • L. F. Capretz
    • H. A. Mojeed
    • S. Mahamad
    • S. A. Salihu
    • A. G. Akintola
    • S. Basri
    • R. T. Amosa
    • N. K. Salahdeen

    - Applied Sciences-Basel - Rok 2022

    Customer churn is a critical issue impacting enterprises and organizations, particularly in the emerging and highly competitive telecommunications industry. It is important to researchers and industry analysts interested in projecting customer behavior to separate churn from non‐churn consumers. The fundamental incentive is a firm’s intent desire to keep current consumers, along with the exorbitant expense of gaining new ones....

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu

  • Nature Communications

    Czasopisma

    ISSN: 2041-1723

  • A review of amide bond formation in microwave organic synthesis

    Microwave-Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS) is one of the most current trends in organic chemistry. Herein, both the most popular and new approaches in microwave-syntheses of very important linkage in Nature - amide bond - are overviewed and compared with conventional synthetic routes.

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w serwisie zewnętrznym

  • Benchmark of the traffic congestion in electrical transport by means of multi criteria decision analysis

    Publikacja

    - Przegląd Elektrotechniczny - Rok 2013

    Congestion of the road traffic is an important aspect related to the issues of energy consumption in public transport. Due to the multiattribute nature, the expression of traffic congestion in a quantitative valueis difficult to achieve. The article presents a method of estimation of traffic congestion by means of a multiattribute decision analysis.

    Pełny tekst do pobrania w portalu