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Ladder-Based Synthesis and Design of Low-Frequency Buffer-Based CMOS Filters
PublikacjaBuffer-based CMOS filters are maximally simplified circuits containing as few transistors as possible. Their applications, among others, include nano to micro watt biomedical sensors that process physiological signals of frequencies from 0.01 Hz to about 3 kHz. The order of a buffer-based filter is not greater than two. Hence, to obtain higher-order filters, a cascade of second-order filters is constructed. In this paper, a more...
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Nitrogen transformations and mass balances in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic batch experiments with full-scale biomasses from BNR activated sludge systems.
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen mass balances occurring inside full-scale BNR activated sludge systems, with special attention to colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) transformations. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out using process biomass from two large BNR plants in northern Poland. Two parallel batch reactors were operated in a 3-phase (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) cycle....
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Nitrogen transformations and mass balances in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic batch experiments with full-scale biomasses from BNR activated sludge systems.
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen mass balances occurring inside full-scale BNR activated sludge systems, with special attention to colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) transformations. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out using process biomass from two large BNR plants in northern Poland. Two parallel batch reactors were operated in a 3-phase (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) cycle....
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Low-Voltage LDO Regulator Based on Native MOS Transistor with Improved PSR and Fast Response
PublikacjaIn this paper, a low-voltage low-dropout analog regulator (ALDO) based on a native n-channel MOS transistor is proposed. Application of the native transistor with the threshold voltage close to zero allows elimination of the charge pump in low-voltage regulators using the pass element in a common drain configuration. Such a native pass transistor configuration allows simplification of regulator design and improved performance,...
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Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry as tool for characterization of the main pollutants present in atmospheric air in Gdansk
PublikacjaNowadays, the technique that is commonly used to identify and quantify the chemical compounds in gas sample is gas chromatography. The separation resolution in gas chromatography can be improved by applying the modulation technique. In this paper present is the most important information regarding the pollutants present in atmospheric air. The areas in which the tests were carried out are one of the largest industrial zones in...
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Marine propeller shaft bearings under low-speed conditions: water vs. oil lubrication
PublikacjaThe bearings used in shipbuilding, hydropower, and water pumps have undergone a metamorphosis in recent decades. Because of environmental regulations, lubrication with grease or mineral oil is prohibited. Thus, the standard solutions include water-lubricated bearings with polymer bushings or sealed systems lubricated with oil. When properly designed, assembled, and operated, bearings can operate reliably for years. However, specific...
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Quantification of key red blood cell folates from subjects with defined MTHFR 677C>T genotypes using stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry
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Surface characteristics of glass fibres covered with an aluminum layer after a chemical modification process using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM)
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki z badań powierzchni modyfikowanych włókien szklanych (przed i po procesie chemicznej modyfikacji ich powierzchni), które są kandydatem na przyszły oryginalny bezmatrycowy materiał odniesienia lotnych analitów etenu (C2H4) metodami spektrometrii mas jonów wtórnych oraz mikroskopii sił atomowych. Badania miały na celu obserwację zmian oraz procesów, jakie zaszły na powierzchni włókien szklanych pokrytych...
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Voltage variations and their reduction in a rural low-voltage network with PV sources of energy
PublikacjaRenewable sources of energy (RES), especially photovoltaic (PV) micro-sources, are very popular in many countries. This way of clean power production is applied on a wide scale in Poland as well. The Polish legal regulations and tariffs specify that every prosumer in a low-voltage network may feed this network with a power not higher than the maximum declared consumed power. In power networks with RES, the voltage level changes...
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Low-energy positron collisions with water: elastic and rotationally inelastic scattering
PublikacjaDifferential, integral and momentum transfer cross sections for the vibrationally elastic and rotationally inelastic scattering of positrons from water at low collision energy (E ≤ 10 eV) are reported. Several models within the R-matrix method are used to compute the body-fixed T-matrices, while the scattering calculations are performed within the fixed-nuclei approximation corrected with the standard Born-closure formula. These...
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Sensorless low speed PMSM motor control with cogging torque compensation
PublikacjaThe paper presents sensorless control of a low speed permanent magnet synchronous machine with use of modified state observer. An overview of the PMSM motor used in the research setup was presented. The problem of drive torque ripple, resulting mainly from the occurrence of a significant cogging torque, was discussed. A solution compensating the torque ripple of the PMSM motor was proposed. A start-up procedure of the speed control...
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Low-frequency noise in ZrS3 van der Waals semiconductor nanoribbons
PublikacjaWe report the results of the investigation of low-frequency electronic noise in ZrS3 van der Waals semiconductor nanoribbons. The test structures were of the back-gated field-effect-transistor type with a normally off n-channel and an on-to-off ratio of up to four orders of magnitude. The current–voltage transfer characteristics revealed significant hysteresis owing to the presence of deep levels. The noise in ZrS3 nanoribbons...
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Theoretical and experimental investigation of low-noise optoelectronic system configurations for low-coherent optical signal detection
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki teoretycznej i eksperymentalnej analizy konfiguracji niskokoherencyjnego układu detekcji sygnałów optycznych. Zaprezentowano zaprojektowany układ detekcji optycznych sygnałów niskokoherencyjnych, który pozwala na pracę w konfiguracji zrównoważonej i niezrównoważonej, co umożliwia porównanie parametrów obu konfiguracji.
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On-line assessment of oil quality during deep frying using an electronic nose and proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry
PublikacjaWe describe a novel method for the quality assessment of oil utilized for deep frying. The method is based on the analysis of frying fumes using a custom electronic nose. The quality score could be obtained after less than 3 min of analysis and without interrupting the frying process or sampling the oil directly. The obtained results were correlated with the peroxide value using a multivariate linear regression model. The most...
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Boron-doped carbon nanowalls for fast and direct detection of cytochrome C and ricin by matrix-free laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
PublikacjaDetecting proteins via surface assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (SALDI-MS) method is still highly challenging, and only few examples of nanomaterials have been demonstrated to perform such detection so far. In this study, carbon nanowalls (CNWs), vertically aligned graphene sheet-based materials, presenting specific morphology, dimensions, and boron doping levels have shown improved performances for both qualitative...
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The Influence of Low-Temperature Disintegration on the Co-Fermentation Process of Distillation Residue and Waste-Activated Sludge
Publikacja: Innovative low-temperature disintegration (process temperature 55 ◦C and oxygen concentration 0.2 mg/dm3 ) can be an economically rational technology to intensifying energy production from renewable sources. The proposed process can achieve a degree of disintegration—under optimal conditions—of about 50%, which is excellent when compared with other methods of feed pre-treatment. The low-temperature disintegration of distillation...
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Rapid ion-exchange matrix removal for a decrease of detection limits in the analysis of salt-rich reservoir waters for fluorobenzoic acids by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
PublikacjaA matrix removal procedure with ion-exchange resin prior to analysis for 18 fluorinated benzoic acids (FBAs) tracers in saline (>25% salt) reservoir water was optimized. The elimination of >98% of salt and the simultaneous matrix sample cleanup allowed the direct analysis using the supernatant by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). This resulted in a gain in detection limits for most of the tracers...
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Post-Chromatographic Derivatization Coupled with Mass Spectrometry as a Method of Profiling and Identification of Antioxidants; Ligustrum vulgare Phytocomplex as an Example
PublikacjaHigh-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) coupled with radical scavenging assays, such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) can be both used for the detection of the antioxidants in plant extracts. In this study, the ethanolic (70% v/v) extracts from different morphological parts of Ligustrum vulgare collected...
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A comprehensive survey on low-cost ECG acquisition systems: Advances on design specifications, challenges and future direction
PublikacjaAvailability of low-cost, reliable, and portable Electrocardiography (ECG) devices is still very important in the medical world today. Despite the tremendous technological advancement, Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) remain a serious health burden claiming millions of lives on an annual basis globally. This is more prevalent in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) where there are huge financial instability and lack of critical...
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Testing of low temperature behaviour of asphalt mixtures in bending creep test
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of bending beam test and its importance for evaluation of asphalt mixtures behaviour at low temperatures. Two types of asphalt mixtures: asphalt concrete AC with normal paving grade bitumen and stone mastic asphalt SMA with SBS-modified bitumen were tested. Long-term oven ageing (LTOA) test was also used in the laboratory according to SHRP procedure. The Burgers model was applied and rheological parameters...
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The use of thin diamond films in fiber optic low-coherence interferometers”
PublikacjaIn this paper we present the use of thin diamond films in fiber-optic low-coherence interferometers. Two kinds of diamond surfaces were used: undoped diamond film and boron-doped diamond film. They were deposited on glass plates as well as silicon layers. A conventionally used mirror was used as a reference layer. Diamond films were deposited using Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (μPE CVD) system. Measurements...
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Local atomic order in low Pt-content nanocatalysts investigated in situ by XAS
PublikacjaThe unique features of X-ray absorption spectroscopy allow investigations of nanosized catalysts for fuel cells under working conditions. We present the results of an experiment carried out on a low Pt content electrocatalyst supported by a mesoporous heteropolyacid salt and used at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The analysis of the EXAFS signal at the Pt L3-edge indicates that upon operating the fuel...
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Comparison of different techniques for extracting Polychlorinated Biphenyls from bottom sediment samples using Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry
PublikacjaIn this work, problems that may occur during determination of trace levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment samples are described. The main error sources are connected with extraction of analytes prior to final determination. During model studies, polychlorinated biphenyls have been extracted from sediment reference material (METRANAL 2) with the use of different solvents (dichloromethane, hexane, and toluene); the process...
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Low-cost solutions for Martian base
PublikacjaZałogowe misje na Marsa planuje się na 2025-30 r. Wg programu DRM NASA misja trwać ma 2,5 roku, a załoga zamieszka w 2 metalowych ciasnych modułach. Jak wykazują badania socjopsychologów taka misja zakończy się niepowodzeniem. Duża i komfortowa baza wpłynie na zminimalizowanie wielu źródeł stresu. Współczesne technologie i obecny stan wiedzy o Marsie pozwalają na zaprojektowanie i wykonanie bazy marsjańskiej jako przyjaznego człowiekowi...
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The Low-frequency Noise of SiC MESFETs
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono system do pomiaru szumów małoczestotliwościowych tranzystorów SiC MESFET oraz przykładowe wyniki pomiarów.
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Analyzer for spectroscopy of low-impedance objects
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono analizator umożliwiający pomiar impedancji w zakresie 1 ohma < |Zx| < 100 Mohma. Zastosowano w nim nowe rozwiązania dotyczące obwodu wejściowego i techniki detekcji fazoczułej sygnałów pomiarowych. Obwód wejściowy zaprojektowano w postaci 5-zaciskowej sondy pomiarowej, która umożliwia ograniczenie wpływu rezystancji, indukcyjności i pojemności pasożytniczych na błąd pomiaru impedancji w szerokim przedziale...
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Low-Dimensional Magnetic Semimetal Cr0.65Al1.35Se3
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Low-coherence method of hematocrit measurement
PublikacjaW artykule opisano niskokoherencyjna metodę pomiaru hematokrytu krwi.
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Low voltage photovoltaic power system
PublikacjaThe use of photovoltaics is growing rapidly in the industry as well as households. Therefore, educating the public will help them understand solar cell technology, which is becoming more common in everyday life. This paper proposes a demonstrational set-up of photovoltaic panel for the purpose of science education. It was used in numerous outreach activities such as science fairs. Moreover, it proved to be a great tool for education...
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Low-Dimensional Magnetic Semimetal Cr0.65Al1.35Se3
PublikacjaWhile exploring novel magnetic semiconductors, the new phase Cr0.65Al1.35Se3 was discovered and characterized by both structural and physical properties. Cr0.65Al1.35Se3 was found to crystallize into orthorhombic CrGeTe3-type structure with space group Pnma (no. 62). Vacancies and mixed occupancies were tested, and the results show that one of the 4c sites accommodates a mixture of Cr and Al atoms, while the other 4c site is fully...
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Nonlinear generation of non-acoustic modes by low-frequency sound in a vibrationally relaxing gas
PublikacjaTwo dynamic equations referring to a weakly nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow of a gas in which molecular vibrational relaxation takes place. are derived. The first one governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode, and the second one describes variations in vibrational energy. Both quantities refer to non-wave types of gas motion. These variations are caused by the nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy into...
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Determination of antifreeze substances in the airport runoff waters by solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method
PublikacjaA new method has been developed for the determination of antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol (EG), propylene glycol (PG), and diethylene glycol (DEG) in the samples of airport runoff water. The method is based on headspace solid–phase microextraction (HS–SPME) of target analytes, which is coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Until now, there was a lack of appropriate methodology for collecting reliable...
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Observation of a new boson at a mass of 125 GeV with the CMS experiment at the LHC
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Field investigation of low-temperature cracking and stiffness moduli on selected roads with conventional and high modulus asphalt concrete
PublikacjaHigh Modulus Asphalt Concrete (HMAC) was introduced in Poland as a one of the solutions to the problem of rutting, type of deterioration common in the 1990s. After first encouraging trials in 2002 HMAC was widely used for heavily loaded national roads and motorways. However some concerns were raised about low-temperature cracking of HMAC. This was the main reason of the studies presented in this article were started. The article...
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Analysis of the effect of mass events on car traffic in the city in the daily interval
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Brain/blood distribution described by a combination of partition coefficient and molecular mass
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Effects of a rotating magnetic field on gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient
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Expansion of the self of activists and nonactivists involved in mass gatherings for collective action
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Improving peak detection by Gaussian mixture modeling of mass spectral signal
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The simultaneous determination of hydrophobicity and dissociation constant by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
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The control of the mass of an aggregates deliveries and its impact on the effectiveness of earthworks execution
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Experimental an numerical investigation of wave propagation in composite beam with an additional mass
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych i symulacji numerycznych ilustrujace wpływ dodatkowej masy na propagacje fali Lamba w belce kompozytowej.
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A parametric method for preliminary determining of mass characteristics of inland navigation ships
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono metodę którą opracowano, wykorzystując algorytmy realizujące zalecenia zawarte w Przepisach Klasyfikacji i Budowy Statków Śródlądowych PRS-u, oraz zastosowano uproszczoną metodę wyznaczania mas usztywnień poszycia kadłuba. Metoda wymiarowania oparta na tym algorytmie dotyczy klasycznych statków służących do przewozu drobnicy, ładunków masowych i płynnych - określających zakres stosowania metody. Metoda nie obejmuje...
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Fabrication of diet supplements components applied in order to reduce body mass
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Proportional-derivative and Model-based Controllers for Control of a Variable Mass Manipulator
PublikacjaW artykule prezentowano wyniki analiza numeryczna dynamiki manipulatora o zmiennej masie. W skład manipulatora wchodzą jedynie członu i przeguby obrotowe. Ładowność chwytaka jest traktowana jako jedyny element o zmiennej masie. Podobnie jak w przypadku innych manipulatorów wyposażonych w przeguby obrotowe, parametry jego dynamika zależą od aktualnego ustawienia. Gdy przemieszczenia obejmują większy zakres roboczy, w równaniach...
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The Conceptual Research over Low-Switching Modulation Strategy for Matrix Converters with the Coupled Reactors
PublikacjaIn this paper, different Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) strategies for operating with a low-switching frequency, a topology that combines Conventional Matrix Converters (CMCs), and Coupled Reactors (CRs) are presented and discussed. The principles of the proposed strategies are first discussed by a conceptual analysis and later validated by simulation. The paper shows how the combination of CMCs and CRs could be of special interest...
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A Parallel Corpus-Based Approach to the Crime Event Extraction for Low-Resource Languages
PublikacjaThese days, a lot of crime-related events take place all over the world. Most of them are reported in news portals and social media. Crime-related event extraction from the published texts can allow monitoring, analysis, and comparison of police or criminal activities in different countries or regions. Existing approaches to event extraction mainly suggest processing texts in English, French, Chinese, and some other resource-rich...
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Computed vibrational excitation ofCF4by low-energy electrons and positrons: Comparing calculations and experiments
PublikacjaQuantum calculations for the excitation of the asymmetric modes of the CF4 target gas, ν3 and ν4, by impact of low-energy electrons and positrons are carried out in the energy range around 1 eV and are compared with recent experimental findings. The similarities and differences between the two types of projectiles, and the two different modes, are analyzed and discussed vis à vis the present accord with the experimental results.
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Effect of soil moisture on current-carrying capacity of low-voltage power cables
PublikacjaOne of the factors affecting current-carrying capacity of underground power cables is the thermal resistivity of soil. Its value in the close proximity of the cable is the most important, and for this reason, in some cases, the local soil is replaced with an another soil type or with a cement-sand mixture. The thermal resistivity of the soil is strongly affected by moisture, and in the case of a cement-sand mixture – as tested...
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Singlet oxygen in the removal of organic pollutants: An updated review on the degradation pathways based on mass spectrometry and DFT calculations
PublikacjaThe degradation of pollutants by a non-radical pathway involving singlet oxygen (1O2) is highly relevant in advanced oxidation processes. Photosensitizers, modified photocatalysts, and activated persulfates can generate highly selective 1O2 in the medium. The selective reaction of 1O2 with organic pollutants results in the evolution of different intermediate products. While these products can be identified using mass spectrometry...