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Search results for: TRAFFIC ROAD ANALYSIS
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Hierarchical random models in road transport safety
PublicationIn this paper multilevel approach to the issue of road safety level on the road network of European regions, classified as NUTS 2 in statistical databases of the EU, has been presented. The risk calculated as the number of death casualties in road accidents per 100,000 inhabitants of a given region has Poisson distribution. Therefore, generalized Poisson model has been assumed in the modelling process. Multilevel stochastic analysis...
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Influence of Self-Similar Traffic Type on Performance of QoS Routing Algorithms
PublicationProviding a Quality of Services (QoS) into current telecommunication networks based on packet technology is a big challenge nowadays. Network operators have to support a number of new services like voice or video which generate new type of traffic. This traffic serviced with QoS in consequence requires access to appropriate network resources. Additionally, new traffic type is mixed with older one, like best-effort. Analysis of...
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Temperature influence on tyre/road noise on poroelastic road surface based on laboratory measurements
PublicationThe temperature effect on measured tyre/road noise is very important phenomena as it may lead to significant errors in measurement results due to substantial influence of this parameter on the obtained values. It depends mainly on the particular tyre-road combination. It is different for dense and porous as well as for bituminous and cement concrete pavements. It differs also depending on tested tyre. The correction procedure for...
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Traffic Modeling in IMS-based NGN Networks
PublicationIn the modern world the need for accurate and quickly delivered information is becoming more and more essential. In order to fulfill these requirements, next generation telecommunication networks should be fast introduced and correctly dimensioned. For this reason proper traffic models must be identified, which is the subject of this paper. In the paper standardization of IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem) concept and IMS-based NGN...
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UN DECADE OF ACTION FOR ROAD SAFETY IN THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY STRATEGY UNTIL 2020 – POLISH APPROACH
PublicationPoland continues to have the highest number of road deaths per one million population in the European Union, according to a 2012 European Commission report – in 2011 the rate in Poland was 109 fatalities compared to the EU average of 61 killed. Adopted by the government in 2005 Poland’s National Road Safety Programme GAMBIT 2005 was the response to the EU’s 3rd Road Safety Action Programme. Despite extensive road safety efforts,...
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Road Infrastructure Safety Management in Poland
PublicationThe objective of road safety infrastructure management is to ensure that when roads are planned, designed, built and used road risks can be identified, assessed and mitigated. Road transport safety is significantly less developed than that of rail, water and air transport. The average individual risk of being a fatality in relation to the distance covered is thirty times higher in road transport that in the other modes. This is...
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Research of the changeability of the vessels traffic intensity of inland waterways – case study for Lower Vistula
PublicationThe article presents an analysis of the changeability of traffic intensity of inland waterway vessels in the Vistula Delta. The concept of traffic intensity was defined, traffic flows and disturbances were identified in the studied area. The characteristics of the inland waterway traffic model are presented. The results of the analysis indicate the need to carry out modernization of inland waterways for the needs of inland waterway...
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Tyre/road noise of passenger car tyres, including tyres for electric vehicles - road measurements
PublicationThe paper presents the results from CPX measurements of tyre/road noise performed for selected passenger car tyres, including the tyres especially designed for electric vehicles. The tyres have been measured when rolling on several typical road surfaces in Norway and in Poland. In addition, the tyres have been measured on some very low noise road surfaces, such as a the poroelastic road surface (PERS). The measurement results...
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INFLUENCE OF MEASURING CONDITIONS ON TYRE/ROAD NOISE
PublicationA decisive factor for the development of tyres and road surfaces is the ability to conduct representative and reproducible measurements of selected characteristics related to the interaction of tyres and road surfaces. In terms of tyre/road noise measurements in Europe two methods described in ISO/FDIS 11819-2 and ECE Regulation No.117 are used. The latter is compulsory for assigning the tyre noise labels. The methodologies differ...
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Adaptacyjny system oświetlania dróg oraz inteligentnych miast
PublicationPrzedmiotem rozprawy jest zbadanie praktycznej możliwości wykrywania w czasie rzeczywistym anomalii w systemie oświetlenia drogowego w oparciu o analizę danych ze inteligentnych liczników energii. Zastosowanie inteligentnych liczników energii elektrycznej (Smart Meter) w systemach oświetlenia drogowego stwarza nowe możliwości w zakresie automatycznej diagnostyki takich niepożądanych zjawisk jak awarie lamp, odstępstwa od harmonogramu...
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Spatial differentiation of road safety in Europe based on NUTS-2 regions
PublicationRoad safety varies significantly across the regions in Europe. To understand the factors behind this differentiation and the effects they have, data covering 263 NUTS-2 (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) regions across Europe (European Union and Norway) have been analysed. The assessment was made using Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR). As a dependent variable the Road Fatality Rate (RFR – number of fatalities...
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Economical methods for measuring road surface roughness
PublicationTwo low-cost methods of estimating the road surface condition are presented in the paper, the first one based on the use of accelerometers and the other on the analysis of images acquired from cameras installed in a vehicle. In the first method, miniature positioning and accelerometer sensors are used for evaluation of the road surface roughness. The device designed for installation in vehicles is composed of a GPS receiver and...
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Modelling fatalities on regional road networks
PublicationDuring the last decade Poland’s road fatalities went down by 44%. The trend differs from region to region. Effective road safetymanagement in regions requires tools for forecasting road safety measures and identifying factors influencing road fatality numbers. Mathematical models can provide such tools. They take into account local characteristics such as: demography, economy, infrastructure and motorization. Such models could...
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Detection of Water on Road Surface with Acoustic Vector Sensor
PublicationThis paper presents a new approach to detecting the presence of water on a road surface, employing an acoustic vector sensor. The proposed method is based on sound intensity analysis in the frequency domain. Acoustic events, representing road vehicles, are detected in the sound intensity signals. The direction of the incoming sound is calculated for the individual spectral components of the intensity signal, and the components...
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Identifying the Effects of Selected Road and Roadside Parameters on Road Safety Using Geodetic Techniques
PublicationThe paper will present techniques that can be used to obtain data on road alignment and profile including the roadside. In-the-field and simulation studies have helped to develop mathematical models that integrate vehicle position data. The experiments were conducted in a virtual environment using the software ArcGIS that reflects the actual roadside conditions. The site tests were made using a purpose-built device which integrates...
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The searchlight problem for road networks
PublicationWe consider the problem of searching for a mobile intruder hiding in a road network given as the union of two or more lines, or two or more line segments, in the plane. Some of the intersections of the road network are occupied by stationary guards equipped with a number of searchlights, each of which can emit a single ray of light in any direction along the lines (or line segments) it is on. The goal is to detect the intruder,...
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Innovative Research Into Road Restraint Systems
PublicationKey to understanding the needs and building road infrastructure management tools to prevent and mitigate run-off-road accidents is to identify hazards and their sources which are a result of wrong design, construction, installation and maintenance of road restraint systems [1]. Building such tools requires advanced studies with field tests, simulations and models to demonstrate the effects of selected parameters on road user safety...
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The guidelines and principles for planning and design of road restraint systems
PublicationThe project RID 3A Road Safety Equipment (RoSE) implemented by the Gdansk University of Technology within the RID programme, aims to conduct a comprehensive study and analyses of different vehicle containment systems (PN-EN 1317) and types of support structures (PN-EN 12767) and their performance. Within the project an analysis will be conducted of available research reports...
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Adversarial attack algorithm for traffic sign recognition
PublicationDeep learning suffers from the threat of adversarial attacks, and its defense methods have become a research hotspot. In all applications of deep learning, intelligent driving is an important and promising one, facing serious threat of adversarial attack in the meanwhile. To address the adversarial attack, this paper takes the traffic sign recognition as a typical object, for it is the core function of intelligent driving. Considering...
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Tyre/road noise reduction of poroelastic road surface tested in a laboratory
PublicationA so-called poroelastic road surface (PERS) is being developed in Europe. This contains a large percentage of rubber particles mixed with hard aggregate (stone and sand) and bound with polyurethane. This gives high air void content (around 30 %), high elasticity and smooth texture, all of which should give low noise properties. Inthis experiment anominally 30 mm thick sample of PERS was mounted on a steel drum. Various car tyres...
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Traffic Remapping Attacks in Ad Hoc Networks
PublicationAd hoc networks rely on the mutual cooperation of stations. As such, they are susceptible to selfish attacks that abuse network mechanisms. Class-based QoS provisioning mechanisms, such as the EDCA function of IEEE 802.11, are particularly prone to traffic remapping attacks, which may bring an attacker better QoS without exposing it to easy detection. Such attacks have been studied in wireless LANs, whereas their impact in multihop...
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Solid road environment and its hazards
PublicationAccidents that involve vehicles departing the road tend to have very high severity, as they often result in the vehicle hitting a permanent obstacle (which can be a ree, a pole, facility pillar, front wall of a culvert or a barrier). In recent years, this type of accident caused approx. 19% of all road deaths in Poland. A particularly high risk can be observed on roads located in northern and western...
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Koncepcja analizy stanów emocjonalnych użytkowników w kontekście systemów zabezpieczeń transportowych
PublicationAutorzy, przywołując własne i światowe badania nad rozpoznawaniem emocji ludzkich z obrazu twarzy, wskazują na możliwość zastosowania algorytmów komputerowych i ich implementacji w komputerach osobistych (i innych urządzeniach personalnych wyposażonych w dostatecznie silny procesor obliczeniowy). Zastosowanie takiego rozwiązania może poprawić bezpieczeństwo użytkowania urządzeń, maszyn i pojazdów, których operatorzy muszą gwarantować...
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Regional implementation of a road safety observatory in Poland
PublicationThe paper outlines the background and goals of the Road Safety Observatory in the Polish region of Warmia and Mazury. While created it was Poland’s first road safety Observatory, both at the regional and central level. Established in line with the methodology proposed in the European project SafetyNet, together with the planned National Road Safety Observatory it will form part of a Europe-wide network of observatories linked with...
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Tools for road infrastructure safety management in Poland
PublicationThe objective of road safety infrastructure management is to ensure that when roads are planned, designed, built and used road risks can be systematically identified, assessed, removed and mitigated. There are a number of approaches to road safety management. European Union Directive 2008/96/EC requires EU member states to use four basic tools of road safety infrastructure management. An overview of the methods in these countries...
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TRAFFIC MODEL OF A MULTIDOMAIN IMS/NGN
PublicationIn this paper we continue our research and present an analytical traffic model of a multidomain Next Generation Network (NGN), which is standardized for delivering multimedia services based on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). The model takes into account several service scenarios (including registration, intra- and inter-operator calls) and a large set of network parameters. Using the model mean Call Set-up Delay and mean Call...
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Problemy w szkoleniu i egzaminowaniu rowerzystów w Polsce
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia diagnozę problemów, które wpływają na jakość poziomu szkolenia i egzaminowania rowerzystów w Polsce. W pierwszej części zaprezentowano statystyki dotyczące wypadków z udziałem rowerzystów w Polsce, mających miejsce na przestrzeni ostatnich lat. Kolejno opisano obowiązujący system szkolenia oraz egzaminowania rowerzystów, a także nauczycieli i instruktorów. Dodatkowo ukazano przykłady dobrej praktyki, które stosują...
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Road texture influence on tire rolling resistance
PublicationTire rolling resistance is one of the most important resistive forces acting on road vehicles. It depends on tire and surface characteristics as well as vehicle operating parameters. This paper deals with the influence of road surface texture on rolling resistance of passenger car tires. Results of road measurements performed on variety of road surfaces are presented.
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Impact of the surface evenness and texture on tire/road rolling resistance
PublicationThis paper deals with the issue of a surface's roughness and texture impact on tire/road rolling resistance. It includes a brief description of research aims, measurements and an analysis of results. It also presents observations and conclusions regarding drum facility modernisation which allows studies concerning surface's roughness and texture impact on tire/road rolling resistance.
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Assessment of Road Restraint Systems in Polish Conditions
PublicationKey to understanding the needs and tools of road infrastructure management is identifying the hazards and their sources involved in having no or faulty road restraint systems. Clarity is also needed on why the systems are wrongly designed, constructed, built and operated. To ensure that the problem is adequately understood, research and site observations were conducted and...
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Foreign visitors from Visegrad countries with regard to road safety in Poland
PublicationIn the paper the authors present road safety situation in the Polish regions mostly visited by Czech, Slovakian and Hungarian tourists. These regions include Mazowieckie, Dolnoslaskie, Slaskie and Malopolskie voivodeships. After description of the regions and main touristic destinations for foreigners from Visegrad countries, a detailed road safety analysis performed for the period 2007-2012 is given. The paper ends with conclusions in...
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ROAD SAFETY FOR CYCLISTS BASED ON THE CALORIES NEEDED
PublicationCyclists are a vulnerable group of road users, especially when no separate infrastructure for cyclists is provided. Then, road factors such as distance and altitude differences can indirectly affect cyclists' safety. Therefore, the authors proposed a procedure based on the geometric characteristics of the road that can determine riding difficulties for cyclists. The proposed procedure can be used both by the public authorities who...
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ROAD SAFETY MANAGEMENT TOOLS FOR COUNTRY STRATEGIC LEVEL
PublicationStrategic road safety programmes setting out long-term visions and road infrastructure development plans must be based on road safety forecasts and an understanding of the long-term impact of different measures on road safety. The objective of this paper is to discuss a concept of road safety management for an area of a selected country because there are no simple tools of road safety management for the development and implementation...
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Performance of FAN conception of traffic control in IP QoS networks
PublicationIn this paper we present the architectural implementation of Flow Aware Networking (FAN), a new approach for realizing QoS guarantees in the Internet. We also propose FAN traffic control algorithm which performs traffic control on flow level. Using the proposed FAN node model, we conduct simulation research to prove if FAN can be a new approach for realizing QoS guarantees. The basis of this research is finding a way to guarantee...
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Bicycle Traffic Model for Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning
PublicationModelling tools and transport models are required to assess the impact of measures for the effective planning of cycling routes in cities. This paper presents the methodology for developing a four-stage macroscopic model of bicycle traffic for the city of Gdynia, and its use in planning new bicycle routes, considering a modal shift. The model presented in this paper allows for the evaluation of the influence of the characteristics...
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Modelling selected road safety measures at the regional level in Europe
PublicationRegions are Europe’s basic levels of management. The literature was reviewed to identify regional safety analyses and some of the factors that are important for road safety in the regions. Next, data were collected atthe regional NUTS 2 level in Europe for the years 1999-2008. An analysis of the data helped identify f actors which have the strongest bearing on fatalities and other safety measures. This paper presents the initial...
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Tools for road infrastructure safety management – Polish experiences
PublicationThe objective of road safety infrastructure management is to ensure that when roads are planned, designed, built and used road risks can be systematically identified, assessed, removed and mitigated. There are a number of approaches to road safety management. European Union Directive 2008/96/EC requires EU member states to use four basic tools of road safety infrastructure management. An overview of the methods in these countries...
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Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction
PublicationThe paper presents the proposition of special assessment of lowtemperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed....
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The influence of road surface unevenness on tyre rolling resistance
PublicationThe geometric characteristics of road surface substantially affect the interaction between tyre and road. Depending on pavement texture wavelength, the texture chiefly affects tyre/road friction, rolling resistance, interior and exterior noise, tyre wear, and ride comfort. The article presents results of investigations on the influence of road surface unevenness on the rolling resistance of passenger car and truck tyres. The tests...
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Regional observatory as a part of road safety information system
PublicationEU experience clearly indicates that it is necessary to inform and motivate the public on road unsafety to undertake specific preventive efforts, as well as making road users feel responsible for the state of road safety and seek to improve this state gradually to protect their health and life. The implementation of the Warmia-Mazury Road Safety Observatory project will not only be an excellent addition to the activities carried...
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Regional Observatory as a Part of Road Safety Information System
PublicationEU experience clearly indicates that it is necessary to inform and motivate the public on road unsafety to undertake specific preventive efforts, as well as making road users feel responsible for the state of road safety and seek to improve this state gradually to protect their health and life. The implementation of the Warmia-Mazury Road Safety Observatory project will not only be an excellent addition to the activities carried...
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The use of GIS tools for road infrastructure safety management
PublicationThere are many factors that influence accidents and their severity. They can be grouped within the system of man, vehicle and environment. The article focuses on how GIS tools can be used to manage road infrastructure safety. To ensure a better understanding and identification of road factors, GIS tools help with the acquisition of road parameter data. Their other role is helping with a clear and effective presentation of risk...
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Modernization of the Trailer for Tyre/Road Rolling Resistance Measurements
PublicationIn the article the ways of defining tyre rolling resistance are presented. The advantages of the laboratory tests of tyre/road rolling resistance and the advantages and disadvantages of on the road tyre/road rolling resistance tests are described. The description of the special trailer used for tyre/road rolling resistance measurements designed and constructed in the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering at Gdansk University of Technology,...
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Evolutionary approach to ship's trajectory planning within Traffic Separation Schemes
PublicationThe paper presents the continuation of the author's research on evolutionary approach to ship trajectory planning. While the general problem of the evolutionary trajectory planning has already been solved, no one has yet touched one of its specific aspects: evolutionary trajectory planning within Traffic Separation Schemes. Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) is a traffic-management route-system complying with rules of the International...
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The two ring road complexes of Gdansk
PublicationThe urban structure of Gdańsk city centre is determined by two ring road complexes. The first of them, the Gdańsk Ring, has been designed by Hermann Josef Stübben as a result of a defortification at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This new modern zone of the city centre was destroyed like the rest of Gdańsk in the end of World War Two and had not been reconstructed as a result of de-Germanization of the Recovered Territories....
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Temperature influence on tyre/road noise of selected tyres
PublicationAir and road temperatures substantially affect road vehicle noise emission. The temperature influence on tyre/road noise depends mainly on tyre-road combination. It is different for dense and porous pavements, for bituminous and cement ones. It differs also depending on tyres. The correction procedures for temperature effect are still under consideration and preparation. Tyre/road noise measurements using CPX method were performed...
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Implementation of Weigh-in-Motion System in Freight Traffic Management in Urban Areas
PublicationThe article presents how the Weigh-in-Motion system can be used for managing Gdynia’s freight traffic. Potential sites for weight pre-selection were identified in an analysis of the technical and location conditions. Situated directly in the east part of the Port of Gdynia a site was selected for a pilot implementation. Theoretical scenarios were simulated using an extended WIM system as a tool for controlling access to selected...
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Discouraging Traffic Remapping Attacks in Local Ad Hoc Networks
PublicationQuality of Service (QoS) is usually provided in ad hoc networks using a class-based approach which, without dedicated security measures in place, paves the way to various abuses by selfish stations. Such actions include traffic remapping attacks (TRAs), which consist in claiming a higher traffic priority, i.e., false designation of the intrinsic traffic class so that it can be mapped onto a higher-priority class. In practice, TRAs...
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Community Road Safety Strategies in the Context of Sustainable Mobility
PublicationThe paper presents an overview on the road safety strategies and action plans implemented in the framework of the “SOL - Save our lives: Comprehensive road safety strategy for Central Europe” project. It contains summarization of learned knowledge regarding the efficiency of measures applied and highlights examples of good practices. The purpose of the paper is to provide recommendations for effective and successful planning, formulation...
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Predicting the impact of traffic–induced vibrations on buildings using artificial neural networks
PublicationTraffic–induced vibrations may constitute a considerable load to a building, cause cracking of plaster, cracks in load–bearing elements or even a global structural collapse of the whole structure [1-4]. Vibrations measurements of real structures are costly and laborious, not justified in all cases. The aim of the paper is to create an original algorithm, to predict the negative dynamic impact on the examined residential building...