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Search results for: EMISSION CHAMBER STUDIES
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Small-scale passive emission chamber for screening studies on monoterpene emission flux from the surface of wood-based indoor elements
PublicationAnalysis of literature data published in the last fewyears leads to the conclusion that in the process of assessment of emission flux of organic compounds emitted from different types of equipment and finishing materials, new types of devices, among which small-scale passive emission chambers for the performance of in-situ research are designed and applied on a larger scale. These devices can be successfully used for the assessment...
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Miniaturized passive emission test chamber for in-situ measurement of emissions of organic compounds
PublicationThe results of many different studies have demonstrated unequivocally that the quality of indoor air is often much worse than that of atmospheric air (outdoor). One of the main groups of chemical compounds present in indoor air, with proven harmfulness to health,are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs present indoor comprise a wide variety of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons derivatives including aliphatic, aromatics, alkylbenzens,...
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The miniaturised emission chamber system and home-made passive flux sampler studies of monoaromatic hydrocarbons emissions from selected commercially-available floor coverings
PublicationThe estimation of the emission rate of organic compounds released from various types of indoor materials can be performed using stationary environmental test chambers (ETC) classified as ex-situ methods or small-scale portable analytical devices based on the use of passive technique at the stage of analytes sampling from the gaseous phase (in-situ methods). The paper presents results of emissions of selected organic compounds from...
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Investigations of the Working Process in a Dual-Fuel Low-Emission Combustion Chamber for an FPSO Gas Turbine Engine
PublicationThis investigation is devoted to an analysis of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. The low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial pre-mixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirlers was chosen as the object of research. When modelling processes in a dual-flow low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber, a generalized method...
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Time Projection Chamber (TPC) detectors for nuclear astrophysics studies with gamma beams
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INVESTIGATIONS OF THE EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DUAL-FUEL GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OPERATING SIMULTANEOUSLY ON LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUELS
PublicationT his study is dedicated to investigations of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. As the object of the research, a low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial premixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirls was chosen. The method of the research is based on the numerical solution of the system of differential...
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Electrochemical and acoustic emission studies of aluminum pitting corrosion
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Electrochemical and acoustic emission studies of aluminium pitting corrosion
PublicationBadania metodą potencjokinetyczną i emisjii akustycznej przeprowadzono w typowej trójelektrodowej celce elektrochemicznej. Elektrodę badaną przygotowano z stopu aluminium 1050A. Badania metodą cyklicznej polaryzacji i emisjii akustycznej wykonywano jednocześnie. Na podstawie wyników akustycznych i polaryzacyjnych wyznaczono potencjał korozji wzerowej.
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Passive layer cracking studies performed on A95056 Aluminum Alloy by DEIS and acoustic emission
PublicationZbadano proces pękania warstwy pasywnej na stopie aluminium A95056 w warunkach zmiennych naprężeń rozciągających i polaryzacji anodowej z wykorzystaniem techniki DEIS oraz emisji akustycznej (AE), jako metody porównawczej. Określono elektrochemiczne i mechaniczne przyczyny badanego procesu. Wyznaczono progową (krytyczną) wartość naprężeń, przy których zarejestrowano proces pękania warstwy pasywnej na badanym stopie aluminium. Badanemu...
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The home-made in situ passive flux sampler for the measurement of monoterpene emission flux: preliminary studies
PublicationThe paper presents the construction and metrological characteristics of the home-made in situ passive flux sampler, an analytical tool representing small-scale emission chambers working in situ and passively sampling analytes from the gaseous phase. The sorption element was a cylindrical container made of stainless steel net, packed with a carbon sorbent bed-graphitized charcoal, Carbograph 4 (35/50mesh). The recommended working/exposure...
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Synthesis and structural, electrochemical and photophysical studies of triferrocenyl-substituted 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene: a cyan-light emitting molecule showing aggregation-induced enhanced emission
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Emission profile of butan-2-one oxime from commercially available neutral silicone sealant
PublicationThe paper presents results of research on emission profile of butan-2-one oxime (methyl ethyl ketoxime, MEKO) released from two types of commercially available neutral silicone sealants: silicone type ‘S’ and silicone type ‘T’. To determine the emissions from silicone samples, the system consists of a stationary emission chamber, and the thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system was applied. First, the research...
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Emission of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles from brake materials
PublicationOperation of transport vehicle brakes makes a significant contribution to airborne particulate matter in urban areas, which is subject of numerous studies due to the environmental concerns. We investigated the presence and number fractions of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles emitted from a low-metallic car brake material (LM), a non-asbestos organic car brake material (NAO) and a train brake cast iron against a cast iron. Particles...
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Monoterpenes emissions from different samples of wood-based materials – laminated chipboards and medium-density fiberboards (MDF)
PublicationThe paper presents the results of studies on emission rates of monoterpenes, carried out with the use of a new type of device - Markes’ Micro-Chamber/Thermal Extractor™ (μ-CTE250). Subject of studies were different types of wood-based materials such as: laminated chipboards and medium-density fiberboards (MDF). Based on the results obtained one can conclude that the laminated chipboards may affect the indoor air quality in much...
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Reverberation chamber in emc tests of naval systems
PublicationPaper covers the techniques of emission and immunity testing to the electromagnetic field in reverberation chamber. The procedure of he chamber calibration and field homogeneity assessment were covered. The naval forces' product as selected as an example for discussing the testing procedure in the chamber. The paper's summary gives the assortment of methodology in radiation emission testing and immunity to the electromagnetic field...
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Effective density of airborne wear particles from car brake materials
PublicationPeople living in urban environments are subject to high health risks due to various anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter, including wear of transport vehicle brakes. Studies of airborne particles often require an estimate of the effective particle density, a property that allows correct matching of mass and size characteristics measured by different aerosol instruments. In this study we investigated the effective...
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Corrosion of evaporator tubes in low emission steam boilers
PublicationPurpose of this paper is to reveal the mechanisms of corrosion processes of outer surfaces of low-emission steam boiler evaporator tubes. Examinations were performed to find the reasons of different corrosion susceptibility of tubes situated at combustion chamber on various levels. Examinations were conducted on several segments of 57 x 5.0 mm evaporator tubes made of 16M (16Mo3) steel grade. Segments were taken from level of...
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INVESTIGATION OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A LOWEMISSION GAS TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBER OPERATING ON A MIXTURE OF NATURAL GAS AND HYDROGEN
PublicationT his article is devoted to the investigation of the characteristics of a low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber, which can be used in Floating Production, Storage and Offloading (FPSO) vessels and operates on a mixture of natural gas and hydrogen. A new approach is proposed for modelling the processes of burning out a mixture of natural gas with hydrogen under preliminary mixing conditions in gaseous fuel with an oxidizer...
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Investigation of the Efficiency of a Dual-Fuel Gas Turbine Combustion Chamber with a Plasma‒Chemical Element
PublicationThe study is devoted to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working process in dual-fuel combustion chambers of gas turbine engines for FPSO vessels. For the first time, it is proposed to use the advantages of plasma‒chemical intensification of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the dual-fuel combustion chambers, which can simultaneously operate on gaseous and liquid fuels. A design scheme of a combustion chamber...
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Emission and properties of airborne wear particles from train brake friction materials based on novolac phenolic resins and butadiene rubbers
PublicationThe emission of airborne particulate matter from a train brake depends on the formulation of its friction material. This study investigates the emission and properties of wear particles from train brake friction materials based on straight or resorcinol-modified novolac phenolic resin and nitrile or styrene butadiene rubber used as binding ingredients. The wear particles are generated by a pin-on-disc tribomachine inside an aerodynamic...
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Small Polymeric Toys Placed in Child-Dedicated Chocolate Food Products—Do They Contain Harmful Chemicals? Examination of Quality by Example of Selected VOCs and SVOCs
PublicationThis study was focused on child-dedicated chocolate food products that contain a plastic package with a small toy inside (also known as chocolate eggs). Three types of these products that are commercially available on the Polish market, with different prices, chocolate composition, and main types of polymers used in the toy manufacturing process, were investigated. The polymers were identified using Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR)...
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A Study on Emission of Airborne Wear Particles from Car Brake Friction Pairs
PublicationThe emission of airborne wear particles from friction material / cast iron pairs used in car brakes was investigated, paying special attention to the influence of temperature. Five low-metallic materials and one non-asbestos organic material were tested using a pin-on-disc machine. The machine was placed in a sealed chamber to allow airborne particle collection. The concentration and size distribution of 0.0056 to 10 μm particles...
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A study of a compact high-efficiency zero-emission power plant with oxy-fuel combustion
PublicationThis paper discusses the application of global trends in gas cycles technology using oxy-fuel combustion. This is followed by a demonstration of a design solution for a new cycle with two enhanced energy-converting devices, namely a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. The proposed gas and steam cycle unit is contained within a single turbine, whose benefits combine those offered by gas turbines (high inlet temperatures)...
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Correlations between the wear of car brake friction materials and airborne wear particle emissions
PublicationAirborne wear particles emitted from transport vehicle brakes are one of the main sources of toxic metals in inhalable particulate matter. Prediction of wear particle emissions may become more accurate if the relationship between the wear and particle emission characteristics is known. An experimental study was performed to investigate proportional correlations between the mass wear, 0.01–0.42 μm particle emission measured by a NanoScan...
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Differences between selected volatile aromatic compound concentrations in sludge samples in various steps of wastewater treatment plant operations
PublicationSewage sludge, one of the main wastes generated during wastewater treatment, constitutes an important source of emissions of volatile chemical compounds such as volatile aromatic compounds These substances may undergo various changes as a result of operations and unit processes, which affects their concentrations in sewage sludge. An important factor determining the potential hazardousness of volatile organic compounds is the quality...
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A pin-on-disc study of airborne wear particle emissions from studded tyre on concrete road contacts
PublicationStudded tyres wear surfaces of winter roads, generating inhalable airborne particles. In this study, four concrete road materials and two stud geometries were investigated in terms of wear, road material hardness and airborne particle concentration. The sliding contact between studded tyres and road materials was studied using a pin-on-disc machine in a clean chamber. The results show that the normal load and the stud size have...
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On energy, exergy, and environmental aspects of a combined gas-steam cycle for heat and power generation undergoing a process of retrofitting by steam injection
PublicationThe paper presents a study of retrofitting of a combined heat and power (CHP) plant aimed to increase the electric to heating power ratio. The modification would involve diverting part of the steam to the gas turbine, instead of letting it go to the steam turbine, using injection technique into a combustion chamber. Therefore, two potential retrofitting approaches are analyzed: steam injection gas turbine (STIGT) and combined steam...
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Wpływ parametrów strugi paliwa wtryskiwanego do cylindra silnika okrętowego na początkową fazę rozpylania
PublicationPrzedmiotem rozprawy jest analiza procesu wtrysku oleju napędowego do cylindra silnika okrętowego z zapłonem samoczynnym i bezpośrednim wtryskiem paliwa. Analiza tego zagadnienia została przeprowadzona w aspekcie wpływu makro parametrów strugi na początkową fazę rozpylania oleju napędowego. Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie wpływu współczynnika L/D (długość otworu/średnica) otworu wylotowego wtryskiwacza na zmianę charakterystyki...
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An investigation of selected monoaromatic hydrocarbons released from the surface of polystyrene lids used in coffee-to-go cups
PublicationA consumer trend towards the fast preparation of beverages has increased the popularity of hot beverages (especially coffee and tea) available in disposable containers called coffee-to-go cups with fitted polystyrene lids. Lids in contact with hot beverages may release low molecular weight organic compounds into the gaseous phase causing direct exposure of consumers to these compounds during drinking. The paper describes in detail...
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Investigation of H2:CH4 plasma composition by means of spatially resolved optical spectroscopy
PublicationThe system based on spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy dedicated for in situ diagnostics of plasma assisted CVD processes is presented in this paper. Measurement system coupled with chemical vapour deposition chamber by dedicated fiber-optic paths enables investigation of spatial distribution of species densities (Hx, H+, CH, CH+) during chemical vapour deposition process. Experiments were performed for a various...
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The emissions of monoaromatic hydrocarbons from small polymeric toys placed in chocolate food products
PublicationThe article presents findings on the emissions of selected monoaromatic hydrocarbons from children's toys placed in chocolate food products. The emission test system involved the application of a new type of microscale stationary emission chamber, μ-CTE™ 250. In order to determine the type of the applied polymer in the manufacture of the tested toys, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis coupled...
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Biocomposites from recycled resources as candidates for laboratory reference material to validate analytical tools used in organic compounds emissions investigation
PublicationA suitably chosen reference material should meet specific criteria like representing one of the compound classes most commonly occurring in indoor materials as well as having optimal long-term stability during storage and transport to its destination point and having a compact size. The described interdisciplinary pilot research was aimed to develop and characterize a polymer-based candidate for the laboratory reference material...
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Spatial characterization of H 2: CH 4 dissociation level in microwave ECR plasma source by fibre-optic OES
PublicationSpatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy (SR-OES) was used to investigate microwave activated H2/Ar/CH4 plasma under conditions of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). The chemistry and composition of the gas phase were studied using self-designed fibre-optic system with echelle type spectrometer during CVD deposition of polycrystalline diamond. One-dimensional intensity profiles of the main species were collected along...
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Testing and sampling devices for monitoring volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor air
PublicationAdults spend most of their time in enclosed spaces (e.g., apartment, office and public buildings). According to research conducted by scientists, air quality indoors is much worse than the ambient air quality outdoors. Hazardous chemicals found in air indoors can adversely affect the functioning of the human body and cause many respiratory and circulatory diseases. Harmful chemical compounds (mainly volatile organic compounds and...
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Spawalność ferrytyczno-austenitycznej stali odpornej na korozję typu dupleks 2205 w warunkach podwodnych
PublicationPraca dotyczy problemów spawalności stali odpornej na korozję typu dupleks w warunkach spawania mokrego elektrodami otulonymi i lokalną komorą suchą. Całość rozprawy składa się z dwóch części. Część pierwsza to przegląd literatury, w którym omówiono główne problemy wynikające z przeniesienia procesu spawania pod wodę oraz sposoby minimalizowania negatywnego wpływu środowiska. Część druga jest częścią doświadczalną, zawiera tezę...
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Exergetic Analysis of the nCO2PP Cycle with Particular Reference to the Exergy Destruction of Sewage Sludge Due to Gasification
PublicationAn exergy analysis is carried out on the negative CO2 emission gas power plant (nCO2PP), which integrates the process sections of fuel preparation, power generation and carbon capture. Processes of exergy destruction are studied with particular focus on the process in the gasification unit of the fuel preparation section, where a large amount of exergy is destroyed in various chemical reactions from sewage sludge to producer gas...
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Monitoring of odors emitted from stabilized dewatered sludge subjected to aging using proton transfer reaction–mass spectrometry
PublicationOne of the potential emission sources of odorous compounds from wastewater treatment plants is sludge processing. The odorous compounds released from dewatered sludge can result in odor nuisance. This study concerns the use of flux hood chamber combined with proton transfer reaction—time of flight—mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) technique for periodical monitoring of odorous compounds emitted from aged, stabilized dewatered sludge samples...
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Investigation of the Dynamism of Nanosized SOA Particle Formation in Indoor Air by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry
PublicationTerpenes are VOCs of particular importance, since they are emitted from a wide range of indoor sources and are considered to be precursors of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation. It has been proven that SOA particles, especially nanosized ones, pose a threat to human health. In this research, experiments with the application of an environmental chamber and real-time measurement techniques were carried out to investigate in...
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Rotordynamic characteristics of a chamber seal
PublicationThe paper presents the results of numerical and experimental investigations into pressure forces generated in a turbine labyrinth seal of a modernized type. The experiments were performed on a single-stage air model turbine of the impulse type. The experiments were performed on a single-stage air model turbine of the impulse type. The experimental data were compared with theoretical results obtained by means of CFD Fluent Code....
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Explanation of Reduction of Pressure Forces in Turbine Chamber Seals
PublicationThe paper describes a chamber seal reducing the aerodynamic forces created in shroud seals. Asymmetrical pressure distribution (due to rotor-stator eccentricity) in the blade tip clearance leads to the creation of pressure forces acting on the blade shroud. By increasing the volume above the shroud, the pressure distribution becomes more uniform on the whole shroud circumference and the effect of rotor eccentricity is reduced....
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Explanation of Reduction of Pressure Forces in Turbine Chamber Seals
PublicationThe paper describes a chamber seal reducing the aerodynamic forces created in shroud seals. Asymmetrical pressure distribution (due to rotor-stator eccentricity) in the blade tip clearance leads to the creation of pressure forces acting on the blade shroud. By increasing the volume above the shroud, the pressure distribution becomes more uniform on the whole shroud circumference and the effect of rotor eccentricity is reduced....
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COMPUTER ANALYSIS OF HYDRAULIC CONDITIONS IN A SANITARY CHAMBER
PublicationThis paper presents analysis of hydraulic conditions of sewage flow down the slipway (ramp) in the collecting sanitary chamber connecting 3 collectors on the inlet: ⌀600, ⌀800 and ⌀1400 and one on the outlet ⌀1600 mm, with a maximum difference of elevation 5 m. The mathematical model has been made and hydraulic calculations were carried out in steady flow conditions. Then wastewater surface elevation, energy grade line elevation,...
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Mechanical characterization of a gravel column in a calibration chamber operating as a triaxial cell
PublicationA series of tests considering the behavior of gravel columns was performed. A segment of column with a height of 1 m and a diameter of 0.53 m was modelled in a calibration chamber used as a triaxial cell at three different lateral stress applied. The vertical load transferred on the column head was simulated with steady increase of water pressures in the upper and lower membranes. During the loading the volumetric changes in the...
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Porous structures in aspects of transpirating cooling of oxycombustion chamber walls
PublicationA wet oxycombustion chamber, which must be effectively cooled due to high temperature evolved during the oxy-combustion process, by using the phenomena of Reynolds thermal transpiration and Navier slip velocity. Closures needed to execute mass flow rate in a microchannel, which should be treated as a single porous structure in the walls of the combustion chamber, have been obtained by applying a local 3D approach. The Navier-Stokes...
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Prognozowanie właściwości złączy spawanych pod wodą metodą lokalnej komory suchej
PublicationNiniejsza praca jest poświęcona spawaniu pod wodą metodą lokalnej komory suchej (MLKS) i przedstawia metodologię oraz narzędzia umożliwiające prognozowanie właściwości złączy spawanych wykonanych przy zastosowaniu tej odmiany spawania. Monografia zawiera opis rozwoju spawania pod wodą oraz charakterystykę metod wykorzystywanych do realizacji prac spawalniczych. Zaproponowano nowy podział metod spawania pod wodą, uwzględniający...
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Bead-on-plate welding on S235JR steel by underwater local dry chamber process
PublicationThe article presents the results of the effect of parameters of underwater local dry chamber welding on the properties of padding welds. The effect of heat input and the type of shielding gas on the structure and hardness of welds was established. the functions for estimating the maximum hardness of the heat affected zone have been also elaborated.
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Numerical modeling of the combustion in a lab-scale pulverized-coal fired combustion chamber
PublicationThis work presents results of numerical modeling of the combustion process inside a lab-scale drop-tube chamber, designed to investigate the slagging properties of the flue ashes, created through the solid fuel firing. Interaction between turbulence and chemistry is accounted by use of probability density function (PDF). FLUENT inputs for non-premixed combustion chemistry modeling are defined. A discrete second phase of the coal...
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Numerical modeling of the combustion in a lab-scale pulverized-coal fired combustion chamber
PublicationThis work presents results of numerical modeling of the combustion process inside a lab-scale drop-tube chamber, designed to investigate the slagging properties of the flue ashes, created through the solid fuel firing. Interaction between turbulence and chemistry is accounted by use of probability density function (PDF). FLUENT inputs for non-premixed combustion chemistry modeling are defined. A discrete second phase of the coal...
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Investigation of ecological parameters of a gas turbine combustion chamber with steam injection for the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel
PublicationThe article is dedicated to the investigation of the possibility of using the contact type gas turbine cycle with steam injection into the combustion chamber for the floating production, storage, and offloading vessel in order to increase the specific power and efficiency and reduce emissions of toxic components. A new approach is proposed, associated with the use of the two-stage injection of superheated steam into a gas turbine...
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Influence of boundary conditions in calibration chamber
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań modelowych penetracji w komorze kalibracyjnej z zastosowaniem modeli o różnej średnicy. Badania przeprowadzono w piasku średnio zagęszczonym i zagęszczonym przy stałej składowej poziomej naprężenia i przy składowej pionowej naprężenia w gruncie do 400 kPa. Określono wpływ warunków brzegowych na uzyskane wyniki oporu podstawy/oporu stożka lub ostrza dylatometru. Wyznaczono współczynniki korekcyjne oraz...