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Search results for: WOOD COLOR CHANGES
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The Impact of Drying Conditions on the Surface Color Changes of Pine Wood
PublicationThe article presents the impact of drying process and selected parameters on the color changes on the surface of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.). Three predetermined process conditions (modes), mild, normal, and intensive, were investigated. The experiments were conducted using a semi-industrial scale dryer designed at the Gdańsk University of Technology with a loading capacity of 0.55 m3. The drying process was applied to pine...
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THE EFFECT OF DRYING INTENSITY ON THE COLOR CHANGES OF PINE WOOD (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.)
PublicationThe effect of the selection of drying process parameters on the color change of Scots pine wood (Pinus Sylvestris L.) is presented. In this work the experimental studies have been performed. The research focused on the influence of drying intensity on the changes of color after drying process. Intensity of drying process was determined on the basis of the average drying gradient. To determine the color of wood before and after...
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Deformation and Surface Color Changes of Beech and Oak Wood Lamellas Resulting from the Drying Process
PublicationThe drying process was examined relative to parameters’ influence on the deformation and surface layer color changes of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak wood (Quercus robur L.). The goal was to analyze the impact of drying process conditions, wood and growth rings types, and load on the deformation and surface color changes of drying thin wooden elements. A further aim was to reduce the time of the lamella drying and minimize...
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The impact of drying and steaming processes on surface color changes of tension ad normal beech wood
PublicationThe aim of the article is to present the influence of high temperature to selected properties of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.). The properties such as moisture content, color changes and longitudinal warping were analyzed. The quality of beech wood is determined based on structure and properties of wood, frequency of defects in wood material. The tension wood is considered as an important wood defect causing negative alterations...
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The Influence of Drying Temperature on Color Change of Hornbeam and Maple Wood Used as Surface and Inner Layers of Wood Composites
PublicationThe thermal treatment of wood changes its structure due to the degradation of wood polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), so the physical properties of wood are either improved or degraded. Color changes apply not only to natural wood, but also to such wood composites for which some amount of glue is used in their construction (e.g., plywood, blockboard or laminboard). This article is focused on the analysis of hornbeam...
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Changes of color coordinates of biological tissue with superficial skin damage due to mechanical trauma
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Dynamics of cutting power during sawing with circular saw blades as an effect of wood properties changes in the cross section
PublicationIn the paper the effect of the method calculation upon the cutting power is presented. In computations were used models in which fracture toughness was incorporated. The comparison concerned models as follows: FM-CM – classic model in which the sum of all uncut chip thicknesses of the simultaneously teeth engaged represented the mean uncut chip thickness, FM-FDM – full dynamical model in which besides variable uncut chip thickness...
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The Effect of Full-Cell Impregnation of Pine Wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) on Changes in Electrical Resistance and on the Accuracy of Moisture Content Measurement Using Resistance Meters
PublicationThe impact of the full-cell impregnation of pine wood was investigated with respect to changes in electrical resistance and the accuracy of moisture content measurement. This study compared the resistance of impregnated and untreated pine timber harvested from the northern part of Poland (Pomeranian region). The wood was impregnated by the vacuum-pressure method. The preservative (TANALITH E 3475) and coloring (TANATONE 3950) agents...
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Impact of high temperature drying process on beech wood containing tension wood
PublicationThe technology of high temperature drying has a great inuence on dimensional and selected physical changes in tension wood. Article is focused on the measurement properties such as moisture content, color changes and longitudinal warping. The quality of beech wood is determined based on structure and properties of wood, frequency of defects in wood material. The tension wood is considered as an important wood defect causing negative...
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Influence of steam drying process on wood mechanical properties
PublicationResults of influence of gas-steam mixture drying process on mechanical properties of material are presented. Wood species, namely oak (Quercus L.), beech (Fagus L.), pine (Pinus L.) and spruce (Picea K.) from the northern part of Pomerania region in Poland, were subject of air-steam mixture drying process in a laboratory kiln especially arranged for that reason. Measurements of the global coefficient of elasticity and bending strength...
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The Effect of Steaming Beech, Birch and Maple Woods on Qualitative Indicators of the Surface
PublicationThis work presents the effect of steaming beech, birch and maple woods on the resulting quality of the milled wood surface. The steaming process of the studied woods results in a targeted change in the color of the wood, which changes from the original light white-gray color to fine reddishbrown to dark brown color shades that are more or less saturated depending on the temperature of the saturated water steam. The color changes...
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High Temperature Drying Process of Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with Different Zones of Sapwood and Red False Heartwood
PublicationThis study examined the changes in the properties of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) after intense drying. Beech wood with false red heartwood was selected as the test specimen. The test samples had dimensions of 50 mm thickness, 180 mm width, and 350 mm length. The specimens were divided into two groups, false red heartwood and sapwood. These specimens were selected with different angles of the growth rings (radial and tangential)....
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On-line measurement of wood surface smoothness
PublicationThe latest progress in the field of optics and microelectronics resulted in development of new generation vision systems capable of scanning surface topography with very high sampling frequencies. The blue color of illuminating light as well as novel systems for controlling ultra-thin laser line thickness allows measurement of the porous surface of wood with a triangulation method. Three alternative sensors were tested here in...
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Sustainable upcycling of brewers’ spent grain by thermo-mechanical treatment in twin-screw extruder
PublicationThermo-mechanical treatment of brewers’ spent grain (a by-product of beer manufacturing) was successfully performed via the extrusion process. The impact of temperature (from 30 to 180 °C), throughput (from 1 to 5 kg/h) and screw speed (from 75 to 375 rpm) on particle size, color, chemical structure, antioxidant activity and thermal stability of resulting material, as well as correlations between particular properties, were investigated....
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Insights into modification of lignocellulosic fillers with isophorone diisocyanate: structure, thermal stability and volatile organic compounds emission assessment
PublicationThis study presents an analysis of the structure and properties of different types of lignocellulosic fillers modified by isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) to provide insights into the possibility of their application to the manufacturing of wood polymer composites (WPCs). Moreover, it deals with the environmental aspects of modified fillers, by assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted during modification, as well as...
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MANDARIN PEEL AS AN AUSPICIOUS FUNCTIONAL FILLER FOR POLYMER COMPOSITES
PublicationThis work describes the application of mandarin peel (MP) as a waste filler for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites. The main goal was to investigate the impact of the filler's essential oils, which include multiple terpenes and terpenoids, on the processing, physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal properties of the composites as a function of different filler content (1 – 10 wt%), as well as its effect on the color and...
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Effect of applied standard wood machining fluid on colour and chemical composition of the machined wood surface
PublicationAppropriate monitoring of wood machining processes is a key issue to ensure the expected quality of the processed wood, expected efficiency and minimize energy consumption of production processes. A new trend is the design of environmentally friendly machining fluids. In this paper, as a preliminary study in this field, the effect of applied standard wood machining fluid on changes in the colour and chemical composition of the...
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The effect of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) steaming process on the colour change versus depth of tested wood layer
PublicationThe results of experimental research on the colour changes of beech wood at different depths of the tested layer are presented. Beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) dried in a conventional kiln was tested. Half of the wood samples were steamed prior to the drying process. Colour changes were measured at various depths after the face milling process was used to remove the material to expose to the deeper surface. The colour changes were...
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Color Processing for Color-Blind Individuals Using Smart Glasses
PublicationIn this paper we investigated image processing methods for color-blind individuals. In particular we experimentally verified color naming procedure, generation of maps with color perception differences for average observers and for dichromats, and two color transformation methods. In experiments 7 mobile devices were used: 3 smart glasses and 4 smartphones. User studies were performed with 38 average observers and 9 dichromats....
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Wood Moisture-Content Measurement Accuracy of Impregnated and Nonimpregnated Wood
PublicationThe influence of the impregnation process of pine wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) samples on the electrical resistance changes and the moisture-content measurement accuracy is presented in this paper. In this study, the resistances of impregnated and nonimpregnated green pine timber harvested from northern Poland were compared. An impregnation method based on a vacuum-pressure chamber was used. Copper salts were applied as the impregnated...
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The influence of drying parameters on wood properties
PublicationThe influence of drying conditions on wood properties is presented. The classical approach was used to determine energetic effects (cutting forces and cutting power) of wood sawing process on the basis of the wood specific cutting resistance, material constant. Before mashining wood material (soft and hard) was dryied at various conditions using air at 25oC, air-steam meaxture at 80oC and steam at 110oC.
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Synthesis and characterization of biopolyols through biomass liquefaction of wood shavings and their application in the preparation of polyurethane wood composites
PublicationThe sustainability of production systems in wood processing, wood industry, and wooden waste disposal is an important issue for European industry and society. Proper development of products based on renewable wood resources gives an opportunity to provide materials with long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability. This study aims to establish a new way of forestry and agricultural waste materials utilization by...
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The selected effects of high temperature air-steam mixture wood drying
PublicationThe results of properties change of beech wood after drying process are presented. The wood taken to experiments was from northern part of Pomeranian region in Poland. Before the main high temperature drying process using air-steam mixture, wood was initially dried in an open air conditions. The high temperature drying process was conducted at temperature 120oC, humidity 48%, flow rate of drying medium 2.5m/s and atmospheric pressure....
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Color transformation methods for dichromats
PublicationColor blindness is a serious perception problem. Suffering individuals cannot understand messages, which are carrying by many images, especially those, distributed by WWW. In this paper we are proposing three image processing methods to enhance image recognition and understanding by persons with dichromacy. Color difference image is introduced to represent color perception dissimilarity. Two color transformation methods are presented....
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Image simulation and annotation for color blinded
PublicationIn this paper methods for image simulation as seen by a color blinded and a method for constructing images of perceived color difference are presented. The work is also focused on the interactive color description of an image contents. As a result, the individuals having problems with color discrimination can identify colors in an image.W artykule prezentowane są metody symulacji kolorów w obrazach postrzeganych przez osoby ze...
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Scene Segmentation Basing on Color and Depth Images for Kinect Sensor
PublicationIn this paper we propose a method for segmenting single images from Kinect sensor by considering both color and depth information. The algorithm is based on a series of edge detection procedures designed for particular features of the scene objects. RGB and HSV color planes are separately analyzed in the first step with Canny edge detector, resulting in overall color edges mask. In depth images both clear boundaries and smooth...
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The influence of sound track on the viewer’s emotions and correction of the color in the film
PublicationThe article presents the aspects of the final selection of colors in film production based on the emotions caused by the soundtrack of the film. First, the processing of colors, contrast, saturation and white balance of shots in the film was presented. The definition of color grading is also described, i.e. the color changes in the film's views. In the second part of the article, the soundtracks of the film were analyzed, in particular...
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The change of mechanical properties of selected wood species after drying process under various conditions
PublicationThe result of mechanical properties change of selected wood species after drying process under various parameters are presented. The global elasticity modulus and bending strength for steam dried, air-steam mixture dried and air dried samples as reference were measured. It allowed to reveal the effect of wood stream, air-steam mixture and their temperature on mechanical properties of wood. It has been recognized that steam and...
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The influence of high temperature wood drying conditions using air-steam mixture on its properties
PublicationThe results of properties change of beech wood after drying process are presented. The wood taken to experiments was from northern part of Pomeranian region in Poland. Before the main high temperature drying process using air-steam mixture, wood was initially dried in an open air conditions. The high temperature drying process was conducted at temperature 120oC, humidity 48%, flow rate of drying medium 2.5m/s and atmospheric pressure....
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Polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC) as a method of wood waste management
PublicationIn recent years, due to the progressive environmental degradation and increase of environmental awareness, the sustainability of production systems in wood processing, the wood industry, and wood waste management is a crucial issue for European industry and society. Consequently, the problem of generating wood-like waste and the associated risks has become an increasingly noticeable challenge for science. Although various methods...
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Recent advances in compatibilization strategies of wood-polymer composites by isocyanates
PublicationWood-polymer composites technologies are gaining more and more attention in the scientific community, positively affecting the increase in their industrial applications, for example, automotive, building, 3D printing, etc. Many research works are focused on the improvement in matrix–lignocellulosic filler interactions to produce highly filled composites with satisfying performance properties. In this field of research, using isocyanates...
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Color-based Detection of Bleeding in Endoscopic Images
PublicationIn this paper a color descriptor designed for bleeding detection in endoscopic images is proposed. The development of the algorithm was carried out on a representative training set of 36 images of bleeding and 25 clear images. Another 38 bleeding and 26 normal images were used in the final stage as a test set. All of the considered images were extracted from separate endoscopic examinations. The experiments include color distribution...
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The influence of the drying process on the deformation of the beech and oak wood samples
PublicationThe influence of the drying process conditions on the deformation of the beech and oak wood. The results of the deformation of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) and oak wood (Quercus robur) after drying process are presented. The drying process was carried out in the same drying schedule for each wood species. During each of schedules 40 pieces of wood were dried. The samples were divided into two groups. The first group of tested...
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High temperature drying of beech with content of tension wood
PublicationThe presented artcle is focused on comparison of tension and normal wood of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in a high-temperature drying process. Samples of 26 mm thickness were selected from sapwood zone with different angle of growth rings. The article evaluated properties of tension and normal wood before and after drying process. Properties which are monitored were moisture, moisture gradients, covering tests, colour changes and...
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Methodology for determination of the selected mechanical properties of wood based on cutting tests
PublicationFrom kiln-dried spruce wood (with steam) as well as in natural conditions were randomly selected 8 samples. After determining the average dimensions, moisture content and density of the samples they have been cut on the frame sawing machine PRW15M for measurement of cutting power. Based on those results from a linear rela-tionship of cutting power versus feed per toot mechanical properties of wood such as facture toughness and...
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The innovative experimental rig for wood steam drying at atmospheric pressure
PublicationThe high cost of fossil fuel and soaring consumer interest have encouraged people in the wood industry to look for faster and more energy-efficient methods to dry lumber. The air-steam mixture as medium of drying process was used in a laboratory kiln especially arranged for that reason. Experimental rig is based on automatic control system. At the time of drying measurements of the internal temperature, wood temperature, moisture...
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A novel approach in wood waste utilization for manufacturing of catalyst-free polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC)
PublicationIn recent decades, due to the increase in environmental awareness and noticeable environmental degradation, the area of wood waste management has attracted increasing attention. The purpose of this study is to develop a new type of highly filled polyurethane wood-composite (PU-WC) by the utilization of large amount of wood wastes without addition of a catalyst. Although wood-plastic composites (WPCs) are widely known, there is...
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Influence of Wood Moisture on Strength and Elastic Modulus for Pine and Fir Wood Subjected to 4-point Bending Tests
PublicationThe main purpose of this research paper was to determine the influence of the wood moisture on the strength and elastic modulus of pine and fir wood specimens subjected to the 4-point bending tests. Six bending tests for each wood species and for two different moisture level have been performed. Then, the advanced statistical analysis of the results has been carried out. On the basis of the obtained results, it has been noted that...
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Facial features extraction for color, frontal images
PublicationThe problem of facial characteristic features extraction is discussed. Several methods of features extraction for color en--face photographs are discussed. The methods are based mainly on the colors features related to the specific regions of the human face. The usefulness of presented methods was tested on a database of en--face photographs consisting of 100 photographs.
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Preliminary studies on the effect of feed speed on the colour change of wood
PublicationThis paper presents the results of preliminary analyses of the effect of cutting parameters on changes in the colour of wood. Beech wood cut with use circular saw was analysed. The cutting parameter tested was the feed speed, represented by the feed per tooth. Sawing processes with different feed per tooth ranging from 0.0008 mm to 0.09 mm were analysed. It was observed that over the entire range of feed rate per tooth analysed,...
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Application of Fracture Mechanics for Energetic Effects Predictions While Wood Sawing
PublicationIn the classical approach, energetic effects (cutting forces and cutting power) of wood sawing process are generally calculated on the basis of the specific cutting resistance, which is in the case of wood cutting the function of more or less important factors. On the other hand, cutting forces (or power - more interesting from energetic point of view) could be considered from a point of view of modern fracture mechanics. Cutting...
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Influence of Thermal Decomposition of Wood and Wood-Based Materials on the State of the Atmospheric Air. Emissions of Toxic Compounds and Greenhouse Gases
PublicationThis paper presents the energy characteristics of wood and wood-based materials in the form of commercially available pellets, furniture board (MDF) and OSB. Toxicometric indices were determined for gaseous destructs arising from thermal decomposition and combustion of the materials studied. The paper proves that combustion conditions are crucial in terms of toxic destructive emissions. It has been shown that the combustion of...
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Investigation of Wood Flour Size, Aspect Ratios, and Injection Molding Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour/Polyethylene Composites
PublicationIn the present research, wood flour reinforced polyethylene polymer composites with a coupling agent were prepared by injection molding. The effects of wood flour size, aspect ratios, and mold injection temperature on the composites’ mechanical properties were investigated. For the preparation of the polymer composites, five different formulations were created. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and the modulus,...
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The influence of drying parameters on wood properties
PublicationResults of influence of gas-steam mixture drying process on wood mechanical properties are presented. Wood species, namely pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and beech (Fagus silvatica L.) from the northern part of Pomerania region in Poland, were subject of steam kiln-drying process in a laboratory kiln specially arranged for that reason.
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Mathematical model of the energy consumption calculation during the pine sawn wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) drying process
PublicationThe article presents the modification of the existing mathematical model to calculate energy consumption during conventional drying process. Apart from energy consumption the model permits to estimate the time of high-temperature drying process. The drying medium is air and superheated steam mixture. The obtained calculation results were compared with conducted experimental tests of drying square-edged sawn sapwood timber (Pinus...
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Determination of Moisture Content Profiles of Spruce Wood After High Temperature Process and Air Drying
PublicationThe results of moisture content of wood after the process of its drying under high temperature conditions and air drying are presented. Wood samples, namely spruce (Picea abies Karst.) from the northern part of Pomerania region in Poland, were subject of steam and air drying.The aim of experiments was to measure moisture content of wood in its cross sections using moisture meter WRD-100. The samples of thickness 70 mm and length...
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A Concept of Automatic Film Color Grading Based on Music Recognition and Evoked Emotions
PublicationThe article presents the aspects of the final selection of the color of shots in film production based on the psychology of color. First of all, the elements of color processing, contrast, saturation or white balance in the film shots were presented and the definition of color grading was given. In the second part of the article the analysis of film music was conducted in the context of stimulating appropriate emotions while watching...
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AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO PREDICTION ENERGETIC EFFECTS OF WOOD CUTTING PROCESS WITH CIRCULAR-SAW BLADES
PublicationIn the classical approach, energetic effects (cutting forces and cutting power) of wood sawing process are generally calculated on the basis of the specific cutting resistance, which is in the case of wood cutting the function of more or less important factors. The aim of the paper is to present a new calculating model using the application of modern fracture mechanics and to compare cutting parameters of native beech, Bendywood...
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Criteria for assessment of pine wood surfaces after planing
PublicationThe arise of defects in raw material as well as a machined part in most cases causes need to qualify the final product (wooden frames) as a scrap part or an additional work activity must be done. In the paper selected results of the effect of the material defects on the surface quality of the elements after planing and painting are presented. The materials under production were glulam elements of pine wood. Research experiments...
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Application of smart glasses for fast and automatic color correction in health care
PublicationIn recent years different applications of smart glasses in health care have been proposed. In this paper we present the experiments related to automatic color correction using smart glasses platform developed within the eGlasses project. The color pattern is proposed and tested enabling the automatic detection of the pattern and automatic correction of colors. Additionally, the method for encoding and decoding of patient ID in...