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Search results for: ELECTROCATALYTIC HYDROGEN GENERATION
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Elimination and migration of hydrogen in the vacuum-ultraviolet photodissociation of pyridine molecules
PublicationElimination of the excited hydrogen atoms H(n), n = 4–7, and hydrogen migration in formation of the excited NH(A 3Π) free radicals in the photodissociation of pyridine, C5H5N, molecules have been studied over the 17.5–70 eV photon energy range. In the measurements the photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy technique has been applied. Both fragments are produced through excitation of pyridine molecules into higher-lying superexcited...
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Molecular hydrogen solvated in water – A computational study
PublicationThe aqueous hydrogen molecule is studied with molecular dynamics simulations at ambient temperature and pressure conditions, using a newly developed flexible and polarizable H2 molecule model. The design and implementation of this model, compatible with an existing flexible and polarizable force field for water, is presented in detail. The structure of the hydration layer suggests that first-shell water molecules accommodate the...
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NEW TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT OF ORC'S FOR MICROPOWER GENERATION
PublicationIn the paper, new trends in development of micropower generation of heat and electricity are presented. New type of CHP for domestic usage is developed in the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery PAS and methods of its design are presented. The most promising trends in equipment of ORC cycle for this purpose were discussed. Main attention was focused on micro-heat exchangers design based on micro-channels and micro-jets. In our opinion...
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Generation of random fields to reflect material and geometric imperfections of plates and shells
PublicationThe paper covers two patterns of random field generation: conditional acceptance – rejection method and Karhunen – Loève expansion. The generation of two-dimensional random fields is essential in plates and shells analysis, allowing for a relevant limit and critical state assessment of geometrically and ma-terially imperfect structures. The features of both generation methods dedicate them to selected problems.
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Hydrogen Embrittlement and Oxide Layer E ect in the Cathodically Charged Zircaloy-2
PublicationThe present paper is aimed at determining the less investigated effects of hydrogen uptake on the microstructure and the mechanical behavior of the oxidized Zircaloy-2 alloy. The specimens were oxidized and charged with hydrogen. The different oxidation temperatures and cathodic current densities were applied. The scanning electron microscopy, X-ray electron diffraction spectroscopy, hydrogen absorption assessment, tensile, and...
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OpenGL accelerated method of the material matrix generation for FDTD simulations
PublicationThis paper presents the accelerated technique of the material matrix generation from CAD models utilized by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulators. To achieve high performance of these computations, the parallel-processing power of a graphics processing unit was employed with the use of the OpenGL library. The method was integrated with the developed FDTD solver, providing approximately five-fold speedup of the material...
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Hydrogen production from ethanol In nitrogen microwave plasma At atmospheric pressure
PublicationHydrogen seems to be one of the most promising alternative energy sources. It is a renewable fuel as it could be produced from e.g. waste or bio-ethanol. Furthermore hydrogen is compatible with fuel cells and is environmentally clean. In contrast to conventional methods of hydrogen production such as water electrolysis or coal gasification we propose a method based on atmospheric pressure microwave plasma. In this paper we present...
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Effect of Microplastics Pollution on Hydrogen Production from Biomass: A Comprehensive Review
PublicationHydrogen production from biomass and organic wastes is considered as a potential alternative energy source and is known as a clean and CO2-free fuel energy carrier. H2 is considered very promising among the other energy sources; therefore, the effective conversion of biomass and organic solid waste to this secondary energy source is urgently sought. As a result, it is of importance to assess the impact of the existence of microplastics...
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The influence of electrocatalytic toxic gas sensor construction on its performance
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono porównanie właściwości elektrokatalitycznych czujników gazów przygotowanych na bazie różnych elektrolitów stałych oraz wykonanych w różnych technologiach.
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Sensitivity to nitrogen dioxide of electrocatalytic gas sensor based on NASICON
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań czujnika elektrokatalitycznego na bazie NASICONu.
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Observation of the Hydrogen Migration in the Cation-Induced Fragmentation of the Pyridine Molecules
PublicationThe ability to selectively control chemical reactions related to biology, combustion, and catalysis has recently attracted much attention. In particular, the hydrogen atom relocation may be used to manipulate bond-breaking and new bond-forming processes and may hold promise for far-reaching applications. Thus, the hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the gas-phase pyridine molecules by the H+, H2+, He+, He2+, and...
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Intermolecular Hydrogen Bonding Directed by Aryl–Perfluoroaryl π–π Stacking Interactions
PublicationThe crystal structures of five compounds capable of forming self-complementary hydrogen bonds but crystallizing as catemers or creating more complex crystal structures were compared with their complexes prepared by cocrystallization with perfluoroaryl compounds. The results of X-ray diffraction revealed that in all the cases the π–π stacking interactions caused reorganization of hydrogen bonds and induced creation of the expected...
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The role of hydrogen in microwave plasma valorization of producer gas
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Fermentative Conversion of Two-Step Pre-Treated Lignocellulosic Biomass to Hydrogen
PublicationFermentative hydrogen production via dark fermentation with the application of lignocellulosic biomass requires a multistep pre-treatment procedure, due to the complexed structure of the raw material. Hence, the comparison of the hydrogen productivity potential of different lignocellulosic materials (LCMs) in relation to the lignocellulosic biomass composition is often considered as an interesting field of research. In this study,...
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A New Method for Automatic Generation of Animated Motion
PublicationA new method for generation of animation with a quality comparable to a natural motion is presented. Proposed algorithm is based on fuzzy description of motion parameters and subjective features. It is assumed that such processing increases naturalness and quality of motion, which is verified by subjective evaluation tests. First, reference motion data are gathered utilizing a motion capture system, then these data are reduced...
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Physical and chemical basis of energy generation - 2023
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Physical and chemical basis of energy generation - 2024
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Issues of Estimating the Maximum Distributed Generation at High Wind Power Participation
PublicationThis paper presents the methods of estimating the maximum power that can be connected to the power system in distributed generation sources. Wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) were selected as the subject for analysis. Nonetheless, the considerations presented in this paper are only general and also apply to other types of power sources, including the sources that are not considered part of distributed generation.
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Corrosion behavior of hydrogen charged super duplex stainless steel welded joints
PublicationThe electrochemical behavior of the weld metal, heat-affected zone (HAZ), and base material of super duplex stainless steel (SDSS) welded joints, made with the application of flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) and submerged arc welding (SAW), were investigated with the use of metallographic examinations (optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy), potentiodynamic polarization measurements and total hydrogen content determination...
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Effect of underwater wet welding conditions on the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublicationIn the study mercury displacement method was used for determination of diffusible hydrogen amount in deposited metal obtained during underwater wet welding with covered electrodes in laboratory conditions according to a two-level full factorial design for three factors. The factors and their levels were chosen among conditions and parameters of welding in accordance with the results of own preliminary studies. A statistical analysis...
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A random signal generation method for microcontrollers with DACs
PublicationA new method of noise generation based on software implementation of a 7-bit LFSR based on a common polynomial PRBS7 using microcontrollers equipped with internal ADCs and DACs and a microcontroller noise generator structure are proposed in the paper. Two software applications implementing the method: written in ANSI C and based on the LUT technique and written in AVR Assembler are also proposed. In the method the ADC results are...
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Synchronized six-step voltage generation in high-speed PMSM drive
PublicationSynchronized voltage generation has already been considered in the context of pulse width modulation (PWM). References prove that synchronized PWM substantially decreases subharmonics in inverter output voltage when operating with low switching-to-fundamental frequency ratio. This paper identifies problems of unsynchronized voltage generation in electric drives under six-step inverter operation. Guidelines for the synchronization...
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Hydrogen and chalcogen bonds in crystals of chalcogenadiazolecarboxylic acids – competition or cooperation?
PublicationThis article presents crystal structures of chalcogenadiazolecarboxylic acids bearing both a hydrogen and a chalcogen bond donor. The selected molecules varied in the size of the aromatic unit, the chalcogen atom and/or the position of the carboxyl group in the core structure. The most common synthons in their lattice are "R" _"2" ^"2" (8) self-complementary acid dimers or four-membered [Ch···N]2 rings. Supramolecular synthons...
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Electrocatalytic performance of oxygen-activated carbon fibre felt anodes mediating degradation mechanism of acetaminophen in aqueous environments
PublicationCarbon felts are flexible and scalable, have high specific areas, and are highly conductive materials that fit the requirements for both anodes and cathodes in advanced electrocatalytic processes. Advanced oxidative modi- fication processes (thermal, chemical, and plasma-chemical) were applied to carbon felt anodes to enhance their efficiency towards electro-oxidation. The modification of the porous anodes results in increased...
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Bioconversion of waste materials to hydrogen via dark fermentation using Enterobacter aerogenes
PublicationHydrogen can be obtained via dark fermentation with the use of anaerobic Enterobacter aerogenes. The efficiency of hydrogen production by fermentation techniques is strongly dependent on the con-ditions used i.e. the pH range, temperature, composition of fermentation broths, oxygen content, or even the presence of substances with potentially inhibitory effects on the microbiological culture [1-4]. The paper describes the study...
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NEW GENERATION COMPUTING
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Correlation between partial inhibition of hydrogen evolution using thiourea and catalytic activity of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy towards borohydride electrooxidation
PublicationDirect borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are devices which directly convert the chemical energy stored in the borohydride ion and oxidant into electrical energy as a result of redox reactions. Unfortunately, a significant amount of fuel is lost as a result of the undesirable hydrolysis reaction. The selection of an efficient borohydride hydrolysis inhibitor requires detailed knowledge regarding the interaction mechanism between the...
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Next generation radio communication systems (October 2023)
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Generation of large finite-element matrices on multiple graphics processors
PublicationThis paper presents techniques for generating very large finite-element matrices on a multicore workstation equipped with several graphics processing units (GPUs). To overcome the low memory size limitation of the GPUs, and at the same time to accelerate the generation process, we propose to generate the large sparse linear systems arising in finite-element analysis in an iterative manner on several GPUs and to use the graphics...
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Preliminary investigations of effect of conditions of FCAW process on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublicationOne of the types of hydrogen degradation of steel welded joints is cold cracking. The direct cause of the formation of cold cracks is simultaneous presence of hydrogen, residual stresses and brittle structure. The way of preventing the occurring of degradation is to eliminate at least one of these factors. Practice has shown that the best solution is to control the amount of hydrogen in deposited metal. In this paper the state...
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Journal for New Generation Sciences
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IET Generation Transmission & Distribution
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Techno-economic assessment of cooperation of hybrid renewable energy sources with hydrogen storage
PublicationThe paper presents a technical and economic analysis of the power supply for a model industrial facility with the use of the most promising renewable energy sources (RES), supported by a hydrogen energy storage. This scenario was compared with the variants of supplying the facility directly from the grid and from RES without energy storage. A strategy was proposed for powering the plant aimed at maximising self-consumption of self-generated...
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Hydrogen bonding part sigma profile of deep eutectic solvents and pure components
Open Research DataThe set includes raw data of hydrogen bonding part sigma profiles of deep eutectic solvents and pure components generated by the ADF COSMO-RS software (SCM, Netherlands).
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Data on hydrogen migration in cation-induced dissociation of furan molecules
Open Research DataThe data include furan luminescence spectra obtained in collisions with H3+ and C+ cations and theoretical spectra of OH and CH radicals published in [1].
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Evaluation of technical efficiency of heat and electric power generation
PublicationThis paper presents an evaluation of technical efficiency and time-dependent changes in productivity of Polish professional electric power and heat&electric power stations by using Data Envelopment Analysis non-parametric method. The research covered the enterprises whose total available electric power amounted to about 98% of that of all professional thermal electric power stations in this country. The analysis has concerned...
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The effect of pre-hydrogen charging on corrosion behaviour of superduplex stainless steel welded joints
PublicationThe paper presents results of research undertaken to determine the influence of hydrogen on passivity and corrosion resistance of 2507 super duplex stainless steel welded joints. Butt welded joints were made with low heat input using flux corded arc welding (FCAW) method. Coupons of 5.0 x 5.0 mm were cut from the welded joints containing weld metal (WM), heat affected zone (HAZ) and parent metal (PM). Hydrogen was introduced...
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Generation-recombination and 1/f noise in carbon nanotube networks
PublicationThe low-frequency noise is of special interest for carbon nanotubes devices, which are building blocks for a variety of sensors, including radio frequency and terahertz detectors. We studied noise in as-fabricated and aged carbon nanotube networks (CNNs) field-effect transistors. Contrary to the majority of previous publications, as-fabricated devices demonstrated the superposition of generation-recombination (GR) and 1/f noise...
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Improving voltage levels in low-voltage networks with distributed generation – case study
PublicationThe use of distributed generation in low-voltage networks may cause the voltage variation in them, within the wide range. In unfavourable circumstances, the voltage may reach unacceptable values. The paper presents the effect of distributed generation on voltage levels in a selected low-voltage rural distribution network in Poland. An analysis of possible methods for improving voltage levels in this network is conducted. The most...
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Investigation of Sensing Mechanism of Nasicon Electrocatalytic Sensors in Nitrogen Dioxide and Ammonia
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań mechanizmu działania czujnika elektrokatalitycznego pracującego w ditlenku azotu i amoniaku.
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Synthesis and hydrogen evolving catalysis of a panchromatic photochemical molecular device
PublicationA dinuclear hydrogen evolution photocatalyst [(tbbpy)2Os(tpphz)PtI2](PF6)2 (tbbpy = 4,4′-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine; tpphz = tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2′,3′-c:2′′,3′′-h:2′′′,3′′′-j]phenazine) is synthesized in order to make use of the broader range of visible light absorption mitigated by the osmium center. In a first step, the activity of the complex for hydrogen evolution is investigated by evaluating the role of different electron donors...
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Compact and Integrated High-Power Pulse Generation and Forming System
PublicationThis paper presents comprehensive analytical, numerical and experimental research of the compact and integrated high-power pulse generation and forming system based on the flux compression generator and the electro-explosive forming fuse. The paper includes the analysis of the presented solution, starting from the individual components studies, i.e., the separate flux compression generator tests in field conditions and the forming...
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Next Generation Digital
PublicationThe paper outlines the major objectives of the MENAID research project, eimed at novel architectures of digital documents. Such documents will enable reduction of information overflow and strain, a major threat to the growth of a digital society. They will be forward compatible, technology neutral and lightweight, allowing workers of network organizations to use personal devices of any type.
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Effect of Linear Energy and Microstructure on the Content of Residual Hydrogen in Welded Joints made of Superduplex Steels
PublicationThe article presents tests concerning the content of retained hydrogen present in FCAW and SAW welded joints made of superduplex steel. The use of various welding technologies resulted in the obtainment of welds having different microstructures and ferrite contents. Measurements of retained hydrogen present in joints (performed using the complete combustion method) revealed various contents of hydrogen in the base material and...
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MOF/TiO2 erythrocyte-like heterostructures decorated by noble metals for use in hydrogen photogeneration and pollutant photodegradation
PublicationVarious metal–organic framework (MOF)/TiO2 heterostructures can be obtained by the partial hydrolysis or calcination of Ti-based MOFs. By adjusting the hydrolysis and calcination steps of NH2-MIL-125 (Ti), a novel photoactive material composed of a MOF (NH2-MIL-125 (Ti)) and TiO2, with a unique “erythrocyte” shape, was developed. Furthermore, modification of the composition prepared by the partial hydrolysis of NH2- MIL-125 (Ti)...
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Activity of Patents in Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Production in the Context of Passenger Car Fleet in the V4 Countries
PublicationThe hydrogen market in the world today is capable ovule and em-pirical evidence on activity of patents in fuel cells and hydrogen production islimited so far. Patent applications in zero-emission mobility in the aspect of fuelcells include: DAFC/DMFC&DMFC, PEMFC, SOFC, AFC, PAFC. As for thepatents relating to the hydrogen production, they concern low carbon, electrol-ysis and inorganic. The purpose of the study was to investigate...
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Trends in the new generation of green solvents in extraction processes
PublicationAnalytical chemistry, like other scientific fields, has undergone a number of changes to make it more consistent with the concept of sustainable development. Among the various steps of chemical analysis, without a doubt, sample preparation is the bottleneck in regard to following a green protocol, especially in terms of solvent consumption. Therefore, many attempts have been made to improve the environmental friendliness of this...
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Processing of Biomass Prior to Hydrogen Fermentation and Post-Fermentative Broth Management
PublicationUsing bioconversion and simultaneous value-added product generation requires purifica- tion of the gaseous and the liquid streams before, during, and after the bioconversion process. The effect of diversified process parameters on the efficiency of biohydrogen generation via biological pro- cesses is a broad object of research. Biomass-based raw materials are often applied in investigations regarding biohydrogen generation using...
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Carburization Behavior of High-Grade Pellets After Direct Reduction in Pure Hydrogen
PublicationCarburization is a critical aspect in the iron and steel industry as it significantly affects the mechanical and chemical properties of the final product. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the carburization potential of high-grade quality iron ore pellets after direct reduction in pure hydrogen. The results show that the porosity of the pellets has a significant impact on the efficiency and success of the direct reduction...
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Partition of friction heat between sliding semispaces due to adhesion-deformational heat generation
PublicationAnalytical expressions of heat-partition coefficient and contact temperatures for two sliding semispaces with account for adhesion-deformational heat generation and contact heat exchange have been obtained. The rate of deformational heat generation is assumed to decay exponentially with increase of distance from the interface. It has been shown that heat-generation configuration and the intensity of contact heat exchange have impact...