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Search results for: Carbonization temperature
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Cold Start Emissions of Spark-Ignition Engines at Low Ambient Temperatures as an Air Quality Risk
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Excess Emissions and Fuel Consumption of Modern Spark Ignition Passenger Cars at Low Ambient Temperatures
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A comparative study on geopolymers synthesized by different classes of fly ash after exposure to elevated temperatures
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Chapter 15 : Methods of determination of correct operation area for hydraulic component in low ambient temperatures
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań eksperymentalnych zespołów hydraulicznych: silników satelitowych, silników orbitalnych, pomp i silników zębatych, rozdzielaczy suwakowych w tym proporcjonalnych, pomp tłoczkowych, siłowników w warunkach szoku termicznego w celu określenia obszarów parametrów prawidłowego i nieprawidłowego rozruchu nie tylko tych badanych zespołów. Została stworzona baza danych z wartościami współczynników...
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Deviations of treeline Norway spruce radial growth from summer temperatures in East-Central Europe
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The effects of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4/SiO2 nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of cement mortars exposed to elevated temperatures
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Tribological synergy between classical ZDDP and innovative MoS2 and MoO3 nanotube additives at elevated temperatures
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Highly stable CsFAPbIBr perovskite solar cells with dominant bulk recombination at real operating temperatures
PublicationMixed-cation mixed-halide perovskite solar cells have been characterized in DC at different temperatures (from −20 °C up to 50 °C) and the time evolution of the device efficiency has been assessed using different degradation protocols (indoors and outdoors). The completely planar p–i–n structure is ITO/CuNiOx/PTAA/CsFAPbIBr/PCBM/PEI/Ag. Pristine current–voltage characteristics barely show hysteresis, at any temperature. Open circuit...
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Long-Term Stability of Benzodiazepines and Z-Hypnotic Drugs in Blood Samples Stored at Varying Temperatures
PublicationBenzodiazepines (BZDs) and Z-drugs are among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals in the world and are considered standard care for various mental illnesses and for treatment of sleeping and anxiety disorders, alcohol withdrawal, muscle spasms and epilepsy. Some BZDs are not allowed as pharmaceuticals in many countries, and they are used as "designer benzodiazepines" (DBZDs). All these compounds are typically screened in...
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ANALIZA INFORMACYJNOŚCI DIAGNOSTYCZNEJ SZYBKOZMIENNEJ TEMPERATURY SPALIN WYLOTOWYCH OKRĘTOWEGO SILNIKA TŁOKOWEGO - KLASYFIKACJA JEDNOCZYNNIKOWA
PublicationW niniejszym artykule zwrócono uwagę na problem niskiej podatności kontrolnej okrętowych silników średnio- i szybkoobrotowych w eksploatacji, co znacznie ogranicza możliwości diagnozowania parametrycznego ich przestrzeni roboczych oraz układu wtrysku paliwa. W celu rozwiązania tego problemu zaproponowano pomiar szybkozmiennej temperatury spalin wylotowych z silnika, której przebieg po odpowiedniej obróbce matematycznej oraz analizie...
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Amides as models to study the hydration of proteins and peptides — spectroscopic and theoretical approach on hydration in various temperatures
PublicationInteractions with water are one of the key factors which determine protein stability and activity in aqueous solutions. However, the protein hydration is still insufficiently understood. N-methylacetamide (NMA) is regarded as a minimal part of the peptide backbone and the relative simplicity of its structure makes it a good model for studies on protein–water interactions. In this paper, the influence of NMA and N,N-dimethylacetamide...
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Ocena jakości superkondensatorów wybranymi metodami, wykorzystując zjawiska losowe i badania rozkładu temperatury
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metody analizy jakości wykonania próbek superkondensatorów na podstawie pomiarów szumów generowanych w ich strukturach oraz rozkładów temperatury na ich powierzchni. Prezentowane metody zostały porównane z obecnie stosowanymi parametrami oceny jakości tych elementów. Wyniki uzasadniają wprowadzenie dodatkowych parametrów, pozwalających oceniać jakość superkondensatorów.
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X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures
PublicationThe investigations of high-temperature oxidation of zirconium alloys, applied for fuel pellets in nuclear power plants, are usually limited to oxidation kinetics, phase transformations and microstructural characterization. The purpose of this research was to characterize the degradation phenomena occurring within oxide layer and at the interface oxide/metal, on internal and external Zircaloy-2 tube...
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Mechanizm nanokrystalizacji warstwy wierzchniej stopu Al-Si nadtapianego laserem w niskiej temperaturze.
PublicationPrzedstawiono mechanizm nanokrystalizacji stopu aluminium nadtapianego laserowo po schłodzeniu do niskiej temperatury w powiązaniu z obserwacjami struktury warstwy wierzchniej.
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Low temperature processed MnCo2O4 and MnCo1.8Fe0.2O4 as effective protective coatings for solid oxide fuel cell interconnects at 750 °C
PublicationIn this study two materials, MnCo2O4 and MnCo1.8Fe0.2O4 are studied as potential protective coatings for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell interconnects working at 750 °C. First powder fabrication by a modified Pechini method is described followed by a description of the coating procedure. The protective action of the coating applied on Crofer 22 APU is evaluated by following the area specific resistance (ASR) of the scale/coating for 5500...
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Comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of selected nuclear ship power plants with high-temperature helium-cooled nuclear reactor
PublicationThis paper presents a comparative analysis of thermodynamic cycles of two ship power plant systems with a high-temperature helium- cooled nuclear reactor. The first of them is a gas system with recuperator , in which classical gas chamber is substituted for a HTGR reactor (High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor) . The second of the considered cycles is a combined gas-steam system where working medium flux from gas turbine outlet...
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Low temperature deposition of dense MnCo 2 O 4 protective coatings for steel interconnects of solid oxide cells
PublicationIn this work manganese cobalt spinel (MnCo2O4) coatings were deposited on steel substrates by spray pyrolysis at 390 °C. This is at much lower temperatures than previously reported (typically in excess of 900 °C). It was possible to produce coatings with well controlled thickness (2-5-10 μm). The as-deposited coatings were evaluated for their microstructural changes and electrical conductivity up to 800 °C. Results confirm the...
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Monolithic polydimethylsiloxane-modified silica composites prepared by a low-temperature sol–gel micromolding technique for controlled drug release
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High Temperature Drying Process of Beech Wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with Different Zones of Sapwood and Red False Heartwood
PublicationThis study examined the changes in the properties of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) after intense drying. Beech wood with false red heartwood was selected as the test specimen. The test samples had dimensions of 50 mm thickness, 180 mm width, and 350 mm length. The specimens were divided into two groups, false red heartwood and sapwood. These specimens were selected with different angles of the growth rings (radial and tangential)....
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Variable-temperature X-ray diffraction study of structural parameters of NH---S hydrogen bonds in triethylammonium and pyridinium silanethiolates
PublicationHydrogen bonds in triethylammonium and pyridinium silanethiolate salts have been characterized by X-ray, FT–IR and NMR spectroscopies. DFT calculations reveal strongly asymmetric double-well minima at the potential energy curves of the studied compounds
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Data normalisation for Lamb wave–based damage detection using cointegration: A case study with single- and multiple-temperature trends
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Spectral characteristic of high-dose high-temperature emission from LiF:Mg,Cu,P (MCP-N) TL detectors
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostic examination of naval gas turbine engines. Part I: Steady-state processes
PublicationThe article presents a possible method of detecting failures in the flow section and supply system of a naval gas turbine engine based on the exhaust gas temperature measured behind the gas generator. This temperature is a basic diagnostic parameter use for evaluating the technical state of the turbine engine in operation, and is monitored during engine start-ups, accelerations and decelerations of rotor units, and steady-load...
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Exhaust gas temperature measurements in diagnostic examination of naval gas turbine engines. Part III. Diagnostic and operating tolerances
PublicationThe third part of the article presents a method for detecting failures of the automatic engine control system with the aid of an exhaust gas temperature setter, specially designed and machined for this purpose. It also presents a procedure of identifying the operating tolerances and determining the diagnostic tolerances for the exhaust gas temperature recorded in the naval turbine engine during the start-up and acceleration processes....
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Calculation of silicon cell temperature of loaded photovoltaic module based on thermal coefficients for different weather conditions of Northern Poland
PublicationWydajność obciążonego modułu fotowoltaicznego zależy silnie od natężenia promieniowania słonecznego, temperatury otoczenia, prędkości wiatru i temperatury wewnętrznej składowych ogniw fotowoltaicznych. Sprawność konwersji fotowoltaicznej spada istotnie wraz z e wzrostem temperatury złącza p-n. Pomiar tej temperatury jest niemożliwy i oblicza się ją w oparciu o mierzoną wartość temperatury przedniej lub tylnej powierzchni modułu...
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Photocatalytic activity of boron-modified TiO2 under visible light: The effect of boron content, calcination temperature and TiO2 matrix
PublicationPrzedstawiono wpływ temperatury kalcynacji (200, 300, 350, 400, 450 oraz 600oC) na fotoaktywność w świetle widzialnym (l> 400 nm) oraz właściwości powierzchniowe TiO2 modyfikowanego borem. B-TiO2 został przygotowany metodą impregnacji powierzchniowej. Jako prekursor bory wykorzystano ester trietylowy kwasu borowego (BATE). Charakterystyka otrzymywanych fotokatalizatorów obejmowała wyznaczenie powierzchni właściwej, właściwości...
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Photoluminescence enhancement study in a Bi-doped Cs2AgInCl6 double perovskite by pressure and temperature-dependent self-trapped exciton emission
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Room temperature ionic liquid-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of uranium in water samples before spectrophotometric determination
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In-situ FTIR study of reaction mechanism and chemical kinetics of a Xundian lignite during non-isothermal low temperature pyrolysis
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Predicting enthalpy of vaporization for Persistent Organic Pollutants with Quantitative Structure–Property Relationship (QSPR) incorporating the influence of temperature on volatility
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Antioxidant properties of infusions from leaves of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) depending on temperature and brewing time
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Low-temperature synthesis of zeolite from perlite waste — Part I: review of methods and phase compositions of resulting products
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EFFECT OF WATER ACTIVITY AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH AND LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF PENICILLIUM CHRYSOGENUM STRAINS IN LIQUID CULTURE MEDIA WITH PLANT OILS
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Winter temperature and forest cover have shaped red deer distribution in Europe and the Ural Mountains since the Late Pleistocene
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Temperature-Caused Changes in Raman Pattern and Protein Profiles of Winter Triticale (x Triticosecale, Wittm.) Field-Grown Seedlings
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Temperature Coefficient of Electronic Polarizability in Thin Polymer Films Deposited on Si and SiO2 Substrates Determined via Spectroscopic Ellipsometry
PublicationEllipsometry is widely used to determine the thermo-optical properties of thin polymer films. However, if the thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) and the linear thermal expansion coefficient (LTEC) are to be used to determine the temperature coefficient of electronic polarizability (TCEP) in thin polymer films, their values must be determined with the greatest possible accuracy, as both have the opposite effect. In this article,...
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High temperature (nano)thermometers based on LiLuF4:Er3+,Yb3+ nano- and microcrystals. Confounded results for core–shell nanocrystals
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Morphology changes in Fe-Cr porous alloys upon high-temperature oxidation quantified by X-ray tomographic microscopy
PublicationThe effect of high-temperature oxidation at 850 C (10 h, 30 h, 100 h) and 900 C (10 h) on porous (30 % porosity) ferritic stainless steel (Fe22Cr) has been investigated using synchrotron tomographic microscopy, which allowed for visualisation, separation and quantitative analysis of the metallic core, closed pores, open pores and oxide scale phase. The same regions within the samples were investigated before and after oxidation...
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Comparison of traditional district heating with low temperature district heating systems featuring organic Rankine cycle and heat pump
PublicationPaper presents a comparison between a traditional district heating system with conventional boilers as a source of heat and electricity purchases from power utilities and a low temperature DH system incorporating the CHP with organic Rankine Cycle providing electricity and local heat pump raising the temperature of the DH fluid to the required temperature in the dwelling, meaning that both heat and electricity are produced within...
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Investigation of the Effect of The Temperature and Magnetization Pattern on Flux Density, Instantaneous Torque, Unbalanced Magnetic Forces of a Surface Inset PMM
PublicationElectrical machines utilized in domestic applications such as ceiling fans should have low losses and cost. Permanent magnets are used instead of rotor excitation to reduce losses. Therefore, not only the losses of the rotor winding are eliminated, but also the efficiency of the machine is increased. A surface inset consequent pole (SICP) machine has also been used to reduce costs. Because less magnets are utilized in this structure....
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Temperature Evolution, Material Flow, and Resulting Mechanical Properties as a Function of Tool Geometry during Friction Stir Welding of AA6082
PublicationThe friction stir welding process was simulated for joining AA6082 aluminum alloy with the use of the computational fluid dynamics method. Two different tool geometries were used—a tapered cylindrical pin (simple pin) and a hexagonal pin with grooves (complex pin). The analysis of the simulations performed was discussed in terms of temperature evolution during the process, total heat input, residual stresses and material flow....
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Effects of thermal history on the performance of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with Sm0.2Ce0.8O2-δ electrolyte and LiNi0.81Co0.15Al0.04O2 electrodes
PublicationIn this study, low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells with an ∼560 μm thick Sm0.2Ce0.8O2−δ (SDC) electrolyte and ∼890 μm thick LiNi0.81Co0.15Al0.04O2−δ (NCAL) electrodes are constructed and characterized under three experimental conditions. The cell with an NCAL cathode pre-reduced under an H2 atmosphere at 550 °C presents the best electrochemical performance. This is ascribed to facts that the reduction reaction generating Ni–Co...
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High-temperature Corrosion of ~ 30 Pct Porous FeCr Stainless Steels in Air: Long-Term Evaluation Up to Breakaway
PublicationIn this work, a long-term (up to 6000 hours) corrosion evaluation of three porous (~ 30 pct of initial porosity) ferritic iron-chromium alloys with different Cr contents (20, 22, and 27 wt pct of Cr) was carried out at 600 C, 700 C, 800 C, and 900 C in air. Mass gain measurements and SEM analyses revealed that at temperatures above 600 C, all alloys exhibit breakaway corrosion, whereas at 600 C, none of the alloys were heavily...
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Investigation of Wood Flour Size, Aspect Ratios, and Injection Molding Temperature on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour/Polyethylene Composites
PublicationIn the present research, wood flour reinforced polyethylene polymer composites with a coupling agent were prepared by injection molding. The effects of wood flour size, aspect ratios, and mold injection temperature on the composites’ mechanical properties were investigated. For the preparation of the polymer composites, five different formulations were created. The mechanical properties including tensile strength and the modulus,...
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CPLFD-GDPT5: High-resolution gridded daily precipitation and temperature data set for two largest Polish river basins
PublicationThe CHASE-PL (Climate change impact assessment for selected sectors in Poland) Forcing Data–Gridded Daily Precipitation & Temperature Dataset–5 km (CPLFD-GDPT5) consists of 1951–2013 daily minimum and maximum air temperatures and precipitation totals interpolated onto a 5 km grid based on daily meteorological observations from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW-PIB; Polish stations), Deutscher Wetterdienst...
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Preparation of methanation catalysts for high temperature SOEC by β-cyclodextrin-assisted impregnation of nano-CeO2 with transition metal oxides
PublicationThe aim of this work was to prepare and examine the catalytic activity of nanometric CeO2 decorated with transition metal oxides – Ni, Co, Cu, Fe and Mn – towards a high-temperature methanation process under SOEC CO2/H2O simulated co-electrolysis conditions. Samples were prepared using the wet impregnation method via the conventional process and with the addition of native cyclodextrin. The influence of β-cyclodextrin (βCD) onto...
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Non-Coaxially Rotating Motion in Casson Martial along with Temperature and Concentration Gradients via First-Order Chemical Reaction
PublicationThe effect of non-coaxial rotation on the transport of mass subjected to first-order chemical reaction is studied analytically. The effects of thermal radiation, buoyancy, constructive and destructive chemical reactions along with Casson fluid in rotating frame are discussed. Time evolution of primary and secondary velocities, energy and solute particles are analyzed. The behavior of flow under the variation of intensity of magnetic...
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Influence of Storage Time and Temperature on the Toxicity, Endocrine Potential, and Migration of Epoxy Resin Precursors in Extracts of Food Packaging Materials
PublicationThe aim of the present study was to establish a standard methodology for the extraction of epoxy resin precursors from several types of food packages (cans, multi-layered composite material, and cups) with selected simulation media (distilled water, 5% ethanol, 3% dimethyl sulfoxide, 5% acetic acid, artificial saliva) at different extraction times and temperatures (factors). Biological analyses were conducted to determine the acute...
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Effect of bitumen characteristics obtained according to EN and Superpave specifications on asphalt mixture performance in low-temperature laboratory tests
PublicationThe paper aims to identify those characteristics of bitumen which have the greatest impact on asphalt mixture low-temperature performance. It was observed that stiffness and m-value of bitumen from BBR test were moderately related to stiffness and m-value of asphalt mixture obtained from 3 PB test. Simultaneously those rheological properties significantly impact on cryogenic stresses induced during TSRST test. The multiple regression...
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Efficiency of pollutant removal by five multistage constructed wetlands in a temperate climate
PublicationIn recent years, an increase in interest in hybrid constructed wetland systems (HCWs) has beenobserved. These systems are composed of two or more filters with different modes of sewage flow.Based on over eight years of monitoring, carried out at five local HCWs located in the PomeraniaRegion of Northern Poland, the effective removal of organic matter (from 74.9 to 95.5% COD) in theloading range 1.5-17.0 g COD·m-2·d-1 was confirmed....