Search results for: CIRCUIT MINIATURIZATION
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Protection Against Electric Shock Using Residual Current Devices in Circuits with Electronic Equipment
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono problematykę stosowania wyłączników różnicowoprądowych w obwodach z urządzeniami elektronicznymi, które powodują, że prąd różnicowy ma zmienną częstotliwość lub jest odkształcony. Wyniki badań wskazują, że częstotliwość obiegająca od znamionowej oraz zawartość wyższych harmonicznych w prądzie różnicowym niekorzystnie wpływa na skuteczność ochrony przeciwporażeniowej przy zastosowaniu wyłączników różnicowoprądowych....
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Evolutionary design of combinational digital circuits: state of the art, main problems, and future trends
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono stan obecny, główne problemy oraz perspektywy dotyczące ewolucyjnego projektowania kombinacyjnych układów cyfrowych. Krótko scharakteryzowano istniejące algorytmy ewolucyjnego projektowania układów kombinacyjnych oraz przedstawiono ich ogólną koncepcję. wskazano również główne problemy tych algorytmów oraz potencjalne sposoby ich eliminacji.
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Evolutionary optimization of combinational digital circuits with current-mode gates with respect to transistor count
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metodę ewolucyjnej minimalizacji liczby tranzystorów w cyfrowym układzie kombinacyjnym, zrealizownaym z wykorzystaniem bramek pracujących w trybie prądowym. W zastosowanym algorytmie ewolucyjnym zastosowano chromosomy o budowie wielowarstwowej, przez co zwiększono wydajność optymalizacji. Wyniki otrzymane z wykorzystaniem proponowanej metody zostały porównane z rezultatami osiągniętymi za pomocą map Karnough...
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Rapid EM-Driven Design of Compact RF Circuits By Means of Nested Space Mapping
PublicationA methodology for rapid design of RF circuits constituted by compact microstrip resonant-cells (CMRCs) is presented. Our approach exploits nested space mapping (NSM) technology, where the inner SM layer is used to correct the equivalent circuit model at the CMRC level, whereas the outer layer enhances the coarse model of the entire structure under design. We demonstrate that NSM dramatically improves performance of surrogate-based...
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Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage current in circuits with variable speed drives
PublicationThis paper concerns reliability of supply in variable speed drive circuits with residual current devices. During normal operation of these circuits high value of leakage current causes unwanted tripping of residual current devices. Immunity of residual current devices to the impulse leakage current should be evaluated. The system for testing of residual current devices and results of the test are presented
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The effect of the motor filters on earth fault current waveform in circuits with variable speed drives
PublicationIn circuits with variable speed drives distorted earth fault current flows. Earth fault current distortion influences the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. This paper presents earth fault current distortion in circuits with variable speed drives when motor filter is used. Two types of motor filter are analyzed. For every type of filter the effect of earth fault current distortion on ventricular fibrillation is evaluated.
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The effect of the motor filters on earth fault current waveform in circuits with variable speed drives
PublicationIn circuits with variable speed drives distorted earth fault current flows. Earth fault current distortion influences the threshold of ventricular fibrillation. This paper presents earth fault current distortion in circuits with variable speed drives when motor filter is used. Two types of motor filter are analyzed. For every type of filter the effect of earth fault current distortion on ventricular fibrillation is evaluated.
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Two‐functional μBIST for Testing and Self‐Diagnosis of Analog Circuits in Electronic Embedded Systems
PublicationThe paper concerns the testing of analog circuits and blocks in mixed‐signal Electronic Embedded Systems (EESs), using the Built‐in Self‐Test (BIST) technique. An integrated, two‐functional, embedded microtester (μBIST) based on reuse of signal blocks already present in an EES, such as microprocessors, memories, ADCs, DACs, is presented. The novelty of the μBIST solution is its extended functionality. It can perform 2 testing functions:...
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Design-Oriented Two-Stage Surrogate Modeling of Miniaturized Microstrip Circuits with Dimensionality Reduction
PublicationContemporary microwave design heavily relies on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. This is especially the case for miniaturized devices where EM cross-coupling effects cannot be adequately accounted for using equivalent network models. Unfortunately, EM analysis incurs considerable computational expenses, which becomes a bottleneck whenever multiple evaluations are required. Common simulation-based design tasks include...
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RF Input-Quasi-Reflectionless Dispersive-Delay Structures Based on Complementary-Diplexer Circuits
PublicationA class of RF dispersive-delay structures (DDSs) with input-quasi-reflectionless behavior is reported. It is based on the exploitation of complementary-diplexer circuit networks, in which the out-of-band RF-input-power echoes reflected by the main bandpass-filter-(BPF)-type channel are dissipated by the resistively-terminated auxiliary bandstop-filter-(BSF)-type channel. Specifically, it is shown that the influence of the absorptive...
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Electrical Simulations of the SIS100 Superconducting Dipole and Quadrupole Circuits: Transients, Earthing and Failure Modes
PublicationThe 100 Tm superconducting synchrotron SIS100 is the main accelerator of the international Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) currently under advanced construction in Darmstadt, Germany. The SIS100 dipole circuit which creates the magnetic field required to bend the beam, consists of 108 dipoles distributed over six arc sections of the ring. The magnetic field for the beam focusing is generated by three individual...
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Integrated circuit structure surface images obtained with contact capacitive imaging technique
Open Research DataThe measurements were done using NTEGRA Prima (NT-MDT) device. CSG 10Pt probe.
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Miniaturized solid phase microextratcion
PublicationWithout any doubt analytical laboratories have an essential role in environmental protection due to the fact that they takes an active part in the monitoring pollutants present in air, water or soil. From the other side, the analytical activity is involved in the generation of toxic waste what is associated with the use of not eco-friendly reagents and solvents. For these reasons, green analytical chemistry (GAC) was introduced...
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Doubly miniaturized rat-race hybrid coupler
PublicationTwo complementary miniaturization techniques have beenapplied to reduce the size of a rat-race hybrid coupler: (i) conventional microstrip sections have been replaced with their diminished lowimpedance counterparts as the first step of size reduction and (ii) novel fractal-shaped compact microstrip resonant cells dedicated to efficiently shorten low-impedance transmission line segments have been implemented as the second step of...
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Non-linear circuit model of a single doubly-fed induction machine formulated in natural axes for drive systems simulation purposes
PublicationMathematical modelling and a circuit model formulated in natural axes of a single doubly-fed induction machine, with the account of magnetic circuit nonlinearity are presented in the paper. Derivation of the model differential equations was based on Lagrange's energy method. State functions of magnetic elements in the model are non-linear and depend on all currents flowing in the machine windings and on the angle of rotor position....
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Conducted emi identification in power electronic converters : modeling of EMI generation and propagation using circuit simulation and wiener filtering methods.
PublicationThis work presents the circuit simulations and the conventional signal processing technique (Wiener filtering) in order to reconstruct conducted ElectroMagnetic Interferences (EMI), generated and propagated in power electronics converters. In the simulation study, the most accurate presently available models of components of circuit have been used and improved. The proposed Wiener filtering method allows to identifying the transfer...
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Phosphorus removal by application of natural and semi-natural materials for possible recovery according to assumptions of circular economy and closed circuit of P
PublicationIn the last fewyears the idea of circular economy has become essential. Thus, designing methods of nutrients removal should be based on usingmaterials that make it possible to recover those nutrients. Recently,methods applied in wastewater treatment plants cannot provide optimal results; moreover, the application of commercial coagulants like ferric chloride and polyaluminumchloride can cause difficulties in potential recovery...
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Two-center radial basis function network for classification of soft faults in electronic analog circuits
PublicationW pracy zaproponowano specjalizowaną sieć neuronową z dwucentrowymi radialnymi funkcjami bazowymi (TCRB) neuronów w warstwie ukrytej,przeznaczoną do diagnostyki uszkodzeń parametrycznych układów analogowych. Zastosowanie funkcji TCRB pozwala na znaczne zmniejszenie liczby neuronów w warstwie ukrytej, lepsze dopasowanie do słownika uszkodzeń oraz poprawę dokładności klasyfikacji, w porównaniu z dotychczas stosowaną siecią z jednocentrowymi...
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Metrological analysis of an computerized system of protection against electric shock in circuits with variable speed drives
PublicationDrive systems, that can be operated at variable speed, are equipped with power electronics converters. This causes distortion of the earth current, and consequently the need to take into account the use of proper protective devices in relation to earth current harmonics. This paper presents a system for protection against electric shock in circuits with power electronics converters and metrological analysis indicating the requirements...
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A method of self-testing of analog circuits based on fully differential op-amps with theTCBF classifier
PublicationA new approach of self-testing of analog circuits based on fully differential op-amps of mixed-signal systems controlled by microcontrollers is presented. It consists of a measurement procedure and a fault diagnosis procedure. We measure voltage samples of a time response of a tested circuit on a stimulation of a unit step function given at the common-mode reference voltage input of the op-amp. The fault detection and fault localization...
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Evaluation of applicability of classic methods of a fault loop impedance measurement to circuits with residual current devices
PublicationMeasurement of fault loop impedance in low voltage grids and systems is in most cases performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against electric shock by automatic disconnection of supply. For the sake of measurement accuracy, it is advisable to perform it using large current. Unfortunately, in circuits with residual current devices which are very widely used nowadays, a large measurement current may trigger those devices...
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Effect of the let-through energy of overcurrent protective devices on the temperature of conductors during short-circuits
PublicationThe scope of the verification of low-voltage systems covers the earth fault loop impedance measurement. This measurement is usually performed with the use of low-value current meters, which force a current many times lower than the one occurring during a real short-circuit. Therefore, the international standard recommends consideration of the increase of resistance of conductors with the increase of temperature, which may occur...
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Constrained multi-objective optimization of compact microwave circuits by design triangulation and pareto front interpolation
PublicationDevelopment of microwave components is an inherently multi-objective task. This is especially pertinent to the design closure stage, i.e., final adjustment of geometry and/or material parameters carried out to improve the electrical performance of the system. The design goals are often conflicting so that the improvement of one normally leads to a degradation of others. Compact microwave passives constitute a representative case:...
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Fault diagnosis in electronic circuits based on bilinear transformation in 3-D and 4-D spaces
PublicationPrzedstawiono ideę nowych metod diagnostycznych 3-D i 4-D opartych na przek-ształceniu biliniowym. Metody te bazują na transformacjach operujących odpo-wiednio w trzy i czterowymiarowych przestrzeniach funkcji układowych. Dlatych metod omówiono algorytm lokalizacji i identyfikacji pojedynczych uszko-dzeń parametrycznych w liniowych układach elektronicznych oraz algorytm lo-kalizacji i identyfikacji pojedynczych uszkodzeń...
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Effect of the various fats on the structural characteristics of the hard dough biscuit
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Effects of lightning and sprites on the ionospheric potential, and threshold effects on sprite initiation, obtained using an analog model of the global atmospheric electric circuit
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Transient States during Short-circuit in a Line Powered by UPS and its Impact on Earth Fault Loop Impedance Measurement and Power Quality
PublicationThe short-circuit in a line powered by Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) during different UPS operation modes is presented in the article. The transient state condition related to the short-circuit in a line fed from double conversion On-line UPS is discussed in detail. The results of the measurements of earth fault loop impedance (FLI) in circuits powered by UPS with the instruments of various manufacturers are presented. The...
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On Decision-Making Strategies for Improved-Reliability Size Reduction of Microwave Passives: Intermittent Correction of Equality Constraints and Adaptive Handling of Inequality Constraints
PublicationDesign optimization of passive microwave components is an intricate process, especially if the primary objective is a reduction of the physical size of the structure. The latter has become an important design consideration for a growing number of modern applications (mobile communications, wearable/implantable devices, internet of things), where miniaturization is imperative due to a limited space allocated for the electronic circuitry....
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Fast EM-Driven Parameter Tuning of Microwave Circuits with Sparse Sensitivity Updates via Principal Directions
PublicationNumerical optimization has become more important than ever in the design of microwave components and systems, primarily as a consequence of increasing performance demands and growing complexity of the circuits. As the parameter tuning is more and more often executed using full-wave electromagnetic (EM) models, the CPU cost of the overall process tends to be excessive even for local optimization. Some ways of alleviating these issues...
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Design and multi-objective optimization of combinational digital circuits using evolutionaty algorithm with multi-layer chromosomes
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie algorytmów ewolucyjnych z wielowarstwowymi chromosomami do projektowania i optymalizacji wielokryterialnej kombinatorycznych układów cyfrowych. Kryteriami optymalizacji były: liczba bramek, liczba tranzystorów w układzie i czas propagacji sygnałów. Proponowaną metodą zaprojektowano i optymalizowano cztery układy wzięte z literatury. Uzyskane rezultaty porównano z wynikami otrzymanymi innymi...
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New Two-center Ellipsoidal Basis Function Neural Network for Fault Diagnosis of Analog Electronic Circuits
PublicationIn the paper a new fault diagnosis-oriented neural network and a diagnostic method for localization of parametric faults in Analog Electronic Circuits (AECs) with tolerances is presented. The method belongs to the class of dictionary Simulation Before Test (SBT) methods. It utilizes dictionary fault signatures as a family of identification curves dispersed around nominal positions by component tolerances of the Circuit Under Test...
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Atomistic Surrogate-Based Optimization for Simulation-Driven Design of Computationally Expensive Microwave Circuits with Compact Footprints
PublicationA robust simulation-driven design methodology for computationally expensive microwave circuits with compact footprints has been presented. The general method introduced in this chapter is suitable for a wide class of N-port un-conventional microwave circuits constructed as a deviation from classic design solutions. Conventional electromagnetic (EM) simulation-driven design routines are generally prohibitive when applied to numerically...
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Topological model of aptitude of the measurement circuits of main subassemblies of an internal combustion engine crankshaft-piston assembly
PublicationThe paper presents a topological model allowing to determine the probability of aptitude of the diagnosing system (SDG) individual measuring circuits and also to determine to what degree they influence the assessment of the technical condition of an arbitrary main subassembly of crankshaft-piston assemblies as a diagnosed system (SDN).
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY
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International Journal of Circuits, Systems and Signal Processing
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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
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On performance limits of switched-capacitor multi-phase charge pump circuits. Remarks on papers of Starzyk et al.
PublicationW pracy zweryfikowano hipotezę Starzyka nt. maksymalnego, osiągalnego wzmocnienia napięciowego w wielotaktowym konwerterze napięcia stałego typu C-przełączane (w tzw. pompie ładunkowej). W konwerterze zbudowanym z k kondensatorów maksymalne wzmocnienie określone jest przez odpowiednią potęgę liczby 2 tj. 2^(k-1) przy czym warunek podany przez Starzyka jest konieczny lecz nie jest dostateczny. Podano warunki konieczne i dostateczne...
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Reducing average and peak temperatures of VLSI CMOS circuits by means of evolutionary algorithm applied to high level synthesis.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono adaptacyjny algorytm ewolucyjny zastosowany do syntezy wysokiego poziomu układów cyfrowych CMOS w celu zredukowania pobieranej przez nie mocy. Prowadzi to do redukcji szczytowej i średniej temperatury układu scalonego. Dzięki temu uzyskuje się wzrost niezawodności projektowanych układów scalonych.
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Cost-Efficient Multi-Objective Design of Miniaturized Microwave Circuits Using Machine Learning and Artificial Neural Network
PublicationDesigning microwave components involves managing multiple objectives such as center frequencies, impedance matching, and size reduction for miniaturized structures. Traditional multi-objective optimization (MO) approaches heavily rely on computationally expensive population-based methods, especially when exe-cuted with full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis to guarantee reliability. This paper introduces a novel and cost-effective...
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Determination of the ratio resistors in the input circuits of the NTC10k thermistor calibration system
Open Research DataThe presented data set is part of the research aimed at determining the actual characteristics of each thermistor in a package of twenty NTC10k type sensors.
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High gain/bandwidth off‑chip antenna loaded with metamaterial unit‑cell impedance matching circuit for sub‑terahertz near‑field electronic systems
PublicationAn innovative off-chip antenna (OCA) is presented that exhibits high gain and efficiency performance at the terahertz (THz) band and has a wide operational bandwidth. The proposed OCA is implemented on stacked silicon layers and consists of an open circuit meandering line. It is shown that by loading the antenna with an array of subwavelength circular dielectric slots and terminating it with a metamaterial unit cell, its impedance...
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A filter bank solution for active power filter control algorithms
PublicationThb paper describes the proposed active power fiIter (APF) with a new control circuit based on an algorithm using ufilter bank and a harmonic predictor. The conirol circuit was realized using the digiiaI signor processor ADSP-21065L and FPGA circuiL In the proposed circuit transient performunee of APF is improved The active power fdter circuil has been built and teste6 and some illustrative, experimental results are uIso presented...
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Method of earth fault loop impedance measurement without nuisance tripping of RCDs in 3-phase low-voltage circuits
PublicationVerification of electrical safety in low-voltage power systems includes the measurement of earth fault loop impedance. This measurement is performed to verify the effectiveness of protection against indirect contact. The widespread classic methods and meters use a relatively high value of the measuring current (5–20) A, so that they are a source of nuisance tripping of residual current devices (RCDs). The meters dedicated to circuits...
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An Efficient Framework For Fast Computer Aided Design of Microwave Circuits Based on the Higher-Order 3D Finite-Element Method
PublicationIn this paper, an efficient computational framework for the full-wave design by optimization of complex microwave passive devices, such as antennas, filters, and multiplexers, is described. The framework consists of a computational engine, a 3D object modeler, and a graphical user interface. The computational engine, which is based on a finite element method with curvilinear higher-order tetrahedral elements, is coupled with built-in...
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Expedited Re-Design of Multi-Band Passive Microwave Circuits Using Orthogonal Scaling Directions and Gradient-Based Tuning
PublicationGeometry scaling of microwave circuits is an essential but challenging task. In particular, the employment of a given passive structure in a different application area often requires re-adjustment of the operating frequencies/bands while maintaining top performance. Achieving this necessitates utilization of numerical optimization methods. Nonetheless, if the intended frequencies are distant from the ones at the starting point,...
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Novel doubly perforated broadband microstrip branch-line couplers
PublicationTwo broadband compact doubly perforated hybrid couplers have been designed, manufactured, and measured. To improve frequency characteristics and to reduce circuit dimensions, two kinds of perforations have been introduced: the defected ground structures in the ground plane metallization and photonic bandgap cells in the strip metallization. Measurement results show essential miniaturization (~39% and ~36%) and enhancement of the...
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On Design Optimization of Miniaturized Microscrip Dual-Band Rat-Race Coupler with Enhanced Bandwidth
PublicationIn the paper, a novel topology of a miniaturized wideband dual-band rat-race coupler has been presented. Small size of the circuit has been obtained by meandering transmission lines of the conventional circuit. At the same time, the number of independent geometry parameters has been increased in order to secure sufficient circuit flexibility in the context of its design optimization for dual-band operation. Optimum dimensions of...
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Nestling Diet and Parental Provisioning Behaviour in the Marsh Harrier (Circus aeruginosus)
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IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems
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Low-Cost Automated Design of Compact Branch-Line Couplers
PublicationBranch-line couplers (BLCs) are important components of wireless communication systems. Conventional BLCs are often characterized by large footprints which make miniaturization an important prerequisite for their application in modern devices. State-of-the-art approaches to design of compact BLCs are largely based on the use of high-permittivity substrates and multi-layer topologies. Alternative methods involve replacement of transmission-line...