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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: PROTECTION SYSTEMS
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Elastic protection coating for ship fuel tanks, intended for the increasing of environment protection level
PublikacjaW opracowaniu przedstawiono problemy związane z wprowadzeniem nowego rozwiązania dla podniesienia bezpieczeństwa zbiorników paliwowych, poprzez zainstalowanie we wnętrzu zbiornika drugiej elastycznej bariery ochronnej opartej na warstwie wypełniacza. Przedstawiono wyniki prac związanych z doborem parametrów warstwy drugiej bariery jak również materiału wypełniacza.
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Analysis of Ferroresonance Mitigation Effectiveness in Auxiliary Power Systems of High-Voltage Substations
PublikacjaFerroresonance in power networks is a dangerous phenomenon, which may result in overcurrents and overvoltages, causing damage to power equipment and the faulty operation of protection systems. For this reason, the possibility of the occurrence of ferroresonance has to be identified, and adequate methods need to be incorporated to eliminate or reduce its effects. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of ferroresonance...
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Verification of safety in low-voltage power systems without nuisance tripping of residual current devices
PublikacjaLow-voltage power systems require initial and periodical verification to check the effectiveness of protection against electric shock. As a protection in case of fault, automatic disconnection of supply is most often used. To verify such a protection measure, the earth fault loop impedance or resistance is measured. This measurement is easy to perform in circuits without residual current devices. When residual current devices are...
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Experimental verification of a new method of loop resistance testing in low voltage systems with residual current devices
PublikacjaA periodical verification of the effectiveness of protection against electric shock shall be performed in low voltage systems. The scope of this verification includes loop impedance/resistance testing. If a residual current device is installed in a tested circuit, this testing is problematic. A residual current device trips out during the test, because of the high value of measurement current. This precludes the execution of the...
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Future research directions in design of reliable communication systems
PublikacjaIn this position paper on reliable networks, we discuss new trends in the design of reliable communication systems. We focus on a wide range of research directions including protection against software failures as well as failures of communication systems equipment. In particular, we outline future research trends in software failure mitigation, reliability of wireless communications, robust optimization and network design, multilevel...
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Protection of bridges against stray current corrosion
PublikacjaA case study of Siennicki Bridge stray current corrosion hazard is presented. A corrosion risk was caused by incorrectly designed tram line traction which goes over the bridge. No dielectric insulation between running rails and bridge steel construction was used. A variety of protection methods against stray currents are described. Characteristics of the endangered bridge were described. Impressed current cathodic protection system...
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BODYGUARD PROFESSION A GUIDE TO THE ART OF PERSONAL PROTECTION
PublikacjaThe book "Bodyguard Profession: A Guide to the Art of Personal Protection" is a comprehensive guide that introduces readers to the intricacies of professional personal protection. The author thoroughly discusses both the physical and psychological aspects of a bodyguard's work, covering elements such as stress management, self-defense techniques, and the use of modern technology in VIP protection. The guide presents...
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METHODS OF TEACHING NOISE PROTECTION AT ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
PublikacjaNoise strongly influences both our health and behavior in everyday life and as employees or employers. The lost of hearing and other effects of noise on humans result not only in a significant decrease in the quality of life or work efficiency but have also have economic consequences. As noise can be preventable in part by the Environmental Engineers, but it is necessary to introduce them noise issues during their education process....
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Stability analysis of a road scarp in the Carpathian Mountains and methods of its protection
PublikacjaThe purpose of the study was to analyse the stability of a road scarp endangered by a landslide and to consider some measures for its stabilization. The potential landslide could unfavourably alter the shape of the slope, thus a religious sanctuary situated above the slope. The present research has resulted in suggestions of possible protection methods, namely, drainage, soil nailing, installation of piles, supporting the scarp...
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Threats to Rural Landscape and Its Protection in Poland
PublikacjaThe article describes the premises and conditions for the implementation of a pro-landscape spatial policy in rural areas in Poland. It presents the erosion of spatial order in a large part of the country’s territory. Firstly, the state of protection of the rural landscape and the legal aspects of shaping the space of rural areas are described. Secondly, the location is depicted, and the main physiognomic and environmental threats...
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A new method of fault loop resistance measurement in low voltage systems with residual current devices
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new method of fault loop resistance measurement in low voltage systems with residual current devices. The method enables measuring fault loop resistance without nuisance tripping of residual current devices, by application an unconventional waveform of measurement current. It is important for proper verification of the effectiveness of protection against electric shock.
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Oxylipins in Plant Protection/Disease Management
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On Religious and Cultural Principles of Environmental Protection
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Management and protection system for superconducting tokamak
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Angiotensin receptor blockers and endpoint protection
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Effective length of lightning protection earthings
PublikacjaSystem uziemień współczesnych obiektów jest zwykle bardzo rozległy, a na łączenie poszczególnych elementów uziemiających za pomocą głównej szyny wyrównania potencjałów uwzględnia także uziemienia stacji transformatorowej. Ocena przydatności takiego systemu uziemień do celów ochrony odgromowej nie jest prosta, bo tylko jego część określana, jako długość efektywna bierze udział w odprowadzaniu do gruntu prądu piorunowego. Praca zawiera...
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Conducting coatings as anodes in cathodic protection
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wyniki pomiarów elektrochemicznych powłok przewodzących opartych o mieszaninę pigmentów węglowych osadzonych w matrycy polimerowej. Wyznaczono parametry powłok przewodzących w oparciu o metodę elektrochemicznej spektroskopii impedancyjnej. Parametry elektryczne i elektrochemiczne były wyznaczane jednocześnie, w czasie długotrwałej anodowej polaryzacji badanych powłok. Stwierdzono, że badane powłoki mogą być używane...
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Multimodal Surveillance Based Personal Protection System
PublikacjaA novel, multimodal approach for automatic detection of abduction of a protected individual, employing dedicated personal protection device and a city monitoring system is proposed and overviewed. The solution is based on combining four modalities (signals coming from: Bluetooth, fixed and PTZ cameras, thermal camera, acoustic sensors). The Bluetooth signal is used continuously to monitor the protected person presence, and in case...
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Managing the security vulnerabilities of critical systems and hazardous plants
PublikacjaRozdział poświęcono aktualnym problemom zarządzania ochroną obiektów podwyższonego ryzyka jako ważnych systemów infrastruktury krytycznej. Zarządzanie odpornością na ataki takich obiektów jest oparte na ocenach ryzyka. Podkreśla się, że występują ważne instalacje i systemy wymagające specjalnej uwagi i zabezpieczeń, szczególnie systemy kontroli dostępu do sterowni i urządzeń komunikacji. Opisuje się przykładowe technologie ochrony....
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Resilience of 5G Mobile Communication Systems to Massive Disruptions
PublikacjaThis chapter discusses vital techniques to enhance the resilience of 5G systems. It starts with dependability assessment of 5G networks. Next, it describes (a) the frequency fallback technique to improve availability and survivability of 5G services, (b) segment interleaving scheme to enhance communications resilience between base stations and the remaining part of the network and (c) multi-operator protection to address the resilience...
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Assessment of protective properties of rubber lining in absorbers of flue gas desulphurization systems.
PublikacjaResults of research on degradation of rubber lining which is the main protection of absorbers in flue gas desulphurization (FGD) systems were presented. The power plant where the system operated is lignite-fired. Owing to measurements using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gravimetric determination of water content in the lining, the areas of the system which are most exposed to degradation were shown. The results obtained...
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Optimization issues in distributed computing systems design
PublikacjaIn recent years, we observe a growing interest focused on distributed computing systems. Both industry and academia require increasing computational power to process and analyze large amount of data, including significant areas like analysis of medical data, earthquake, or weather forecast. Since distributed computing systems – similar to computer networks – are vulnerable to failures, survivability mechanisms are indispensable...
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ENISA Study: Challenges in Securing Industrial Control Systems
PublikacjaIn 2011, the European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) conducted a study in the domain of Industrial Control Systems (ICS). Its objective was to obtain the current view on the ICS protectionprimarily in Europe but also in the international context. The portrait' included threats, risks, and challenges in the area of ICS protection as well as national, pan European, and international initiatives on ICS security. The...
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Investigation on domestic fruits seed oils in personal care emulsion systems
PublikacjaThe use of fruit seed oils in personal care products is of significance to both their function and image. Poland is an important processor of fruit products within the EU, and thus has a large availability of seeds from domestic fruits, which are normally considered to be a waste material. Unfortunately, current literature is scarce of the suitability of these oils for topical use in the form of cosmetic emulsions. Published data...
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Gate Driver with Overcurrent Protection Circuit for GaN Transistors
PublikacjaThe improvement of the gate driver for GaN transistor is presented in this paper. The proposed topology contains the overcurrent protectionwith the two-stage turning off and independent control of turn on and off time of the GaN transistor. The operation of driver and its application in thehalf-bridge converter are described using both simulation and prototype measurements. The overcurrent protection was tested in Double Pulse...
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The process generation of WWTP models for optimization of activated sludge systems
PublikacjaThe objective of water and wastewater utilities, which are responsible for optimization of wastewater treatment plant operation, is threefold: environmental protection, saving money, and mitigation of pollutant emissions, both to water and air. The performed study aimed to assess the process generation of WWTP models that improve activated sludge systems operation, by means of new developed Mantis2 model. This model accounts for...
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Metaheuristic algorithms for optimization of resilient overlay computing systems
PublikacjaThe idea of distributed computing systems has been gaining much interest in recent years owing to the growing amount of data to be processed for both industrial and academic purposes. However, similar to other systems, also distributed computing systems are vulnerable to failures. Due to strict QoS requirements, survivability guarantees are necessary for provisioning of uninterrupted service. In this article, we focus on reliability...
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Consumers’ Need of Privacy Protection – Experimental Results
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Protection System Design of Induction Motor for Industries
PublikacjaThe fundamental and durable structures of induction motor, as well as their low manufacturing cost, make them popular components in a wide range of current applications. Providing a safety net for employees is a must-have for businesses. This project’s motivation for improvement is to provide industrial motors, lift motors, pumps, and so on with safety. An induction motor’s primary goal is to protect it from problems, such as...
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Protection System Design of Induction Motor for Industries
PublikacjaThe fundamental and durable structures of induction motor, as well as their low manufacturing cost, make them popular components in a wide range of current applications. Providing a safety net for employees is a must-have for businesses. This project’s motivation for improvement is to provide industrial motors, lift motors, pumps, and so on with safety. An induction motor’s primary goal is to protect it from problems, such as...
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The Use of Bacteriophages in Animal Health and Food Protection
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Efficiency of Environmental Protection Expenditures in EU Countries
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Evaluation of Lightning Protection Earthings by Impulse Tests
PublikacjaW artykule zamieszczono opis nowej procedury pomiaru uziemień odgromowych metodą udarową. Zgodnie z propozycję podczas testu udarowego można pomierzyć nie tylko impedancję udarową uziemienia, ale także ocenić jego rezystancję oraz współczynnik udaru. Wynik takiego badania uwzględnia tylko tę część uziomu, którą określa się jako jego długość efektywną.
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Electroconducting polymers as a corrosion protection materials review
PublikacjaAutorzy przywołują 89 pozycji literaturowych dotyczących użycia polimerów elektroaktywnych w ochronie metali przed korozją. Wykazano, że najczęściej wykorzystywany w tym celu jest polipirol. Przytoczone prace dotyczą ochrony stali, aluminium, cynku oraz stopów magnezu.
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Region protection/restoration scheme in survivable networks
PublikacjaW artykule zaproponowano nowe podejście do zabezpieczania/odtwarzania obszarowego, gdzie scieżka zabezpieczająca chroni pewien obszar ścieżki aktywnej. Wykazano, że ta metoda utrzymuje zarówno czasy odtwarzania, jak i współczynnik wykorzystania zasobów w rozsądnych granicach. Ze względu na fakt, że zadanie znalezienia ścieżek aktywnych i ścieżek zabezpieczających jest NP-zupełne, autorzy stworzyli algorytm heurystyczny i pokazali,...
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Integrated protection/restoration in survivable multilayer architectures
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia nową koncepcję projektowania wielowarstwowych architektur sieci przeżywalnych, wykorzystującą informację międzywarstwową do zabezpieczania odtwarzania na wypadek pojedyńczej awarii węzła lub łącza w sposob zapobiegający propagacji awarii. Oryginalne zadanie optymalizacji całej zintegrowanej architektury przeżywalnej sformułowano jako zadanie programowania całkowitego. Jest ono NP-zupełne i zaproponowano algorytm...
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Conducting composites as cable anodes in cathodic protection
PublikacjaOpisano zasadę działania oraz podstawowe parametry charakteryzujące układ anodowy z wykorzystaniem anod kablowych w systemie ochrony katodowej podziemnych konstrukcji. W tej metodzie ochrony jako materiał anodowy wykorzystywany jest kompozyt przewodzący, którego właściwości mechaniczne umożliwiają budowę anody w formie kabla biegnącego wzdłuż trasy konstrukcji podziemnej. Wykazano, że zawartość grafitu w elektrodzie kompozytowej...
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Protection system against electromagnetic leak of information
PublikacjaW pracy omówiono problem zabezpieczenia przed ulotem elektromagnetycznym informacji. Scharakteryzowano obowiązujace w tym względzie wybrane dokumenty normatywne. Opisano stosowane sposoby zapobiegania ulotowi informacji oraz prezentowano metodykę badawczą. Przedstawiono wybrane wyniki pomiarowe.
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Fire Protection and Materials Flammability Control by Artificial Intelligence
PublikacjaFire safety has become a major challenge of materials developers because of the massive production of organic materials, often combustibles, and their use for different purposes. In this sense, fire safety is critically considered in the development of engineering materials [1, 2]. The multiplicity of parameters contributing to the development of formulation of flame-retardant materials from one side and the sustainability concerns...
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Verification of a Novel Method of Detecting Faults in Medium-Voltage Systems with Covered Conductors
PublikacjaThis paper describes the use of new methods of detecting faults in medium-voltage overhead lines built of covered conductors. The methods mainly address such faults as falling of a conductor, contacting a conductor with a tree branch, or falling a tree branch across three phases of a medium-voltage conductor. These faults cannot be detected by current digital relay protection systems. Therefore, a new system that can detect the...
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Methodological issues of functional safety and reliability assessment of critical systems in industrial hazardous plants
PublikacjaThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some methodological issues that are of interest among functional safety specialists and experts after publication of the second edition of international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, including the design and implementing the safety-related functions of higher safety integrity levels and protection layers. The basic role of safety-related systems is to reduce effectively and...
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Human Factors in designing the Instrumentation and Control Systems Important to Safety
PublikacjaThis work addresses selected aspects of human factors in designing the instrumentation and control (I&C) systems important to safety as a part of the functional safety management of industrial hazardous plants, in particular nuclear power plants. As it is known in such plants a concept of “defence in depth” (D-in-D) is widely applied and some layers of protection are designed with regard to functional safety (FS) concept given...
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Built Heritage, Sustainable Development, and Natural Hazards: Flood Protection and UNESCO World Heritage Site Protection Strategies in Krakow, Poland
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Reversible Video Stream Anonymization for Video Surveillance Systems Based on Pixels Relocation and Watermarking
PublikacjaA method of reversible video image regions of interest anonymization for applications in video surveillance systems is described. A short introduction to theanonymization procedures is presented together with the explanation of its relation to visual surveillance. A short review of state of the art of sensitive data protection in media is included. An approach to reversible Region of Interest (ROI) hiding in video is presented,...
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Impact of Intelligent Transport Systems Services on the Level of Safety and Improvement of Traffic Conditions
PublikacjaThe positive effects of the services of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) on the level of transport systems operation was confirmed by long-term studies conducted, inter alia, in the USA, Japan and Europe. Benefits resulting from the application of ITS services can be presented through performance indicators. The indicators represent in a numerical or qualitative manner to what extent ITS services can contribute to improving...
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Method of sacrificial anode transistor-driving in cathodic protection system
PublikacjaA magnesium anode driving system has been proposed. A PNP driving transistor has been used. Electrochemical testing in 3%NaCl, results and comparison of the driving system and classic direct anode to cathode connection are presented. The driving system reduced the protection current and stabilized the working conditions of the anode. Higher anode efficiency was achieved. Overprotection and hydrogen embrittlement threats were prevented...
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Remarks on the Subject of Back-Up Protection of Residual Current Devices
PublikacjaResidual current devices without integral overcurrent protection (RCCBs) are back-up protected by fuses or miniature circuit-breakers (MCBs). If the latter are used, special attention must be given to the coordination between an RCCB and an MCB. This paper indicates probable cases of the aforementioned devices coordination, in which back-up protection of the RCCB is not adequate. A laboratory test has shown that depending on the...
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The role of isolated farmsteads in the open landscape protection on the example of Kashubia
PublikacjaAs a result of the social and economic transformation of rural areas, open landscapes are disappearing. Former farmsteads are being devastated or beginning to lose their landscape context due to the spread of residential building development. At the same time, in many places, the farmstead form is clearly legible and remains an element with which the view is structured and enriched. The article was aimed at drawing attention to...
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Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review
PublikacjaIn recent years, the idea of the operation of energy systems (power systems, heating systems) has changed significantly. This paper is an overview of locally balanced energy systems without the use of fossil fuels. The paper justifies the concept of local energy balancing in a new energy system that does not use fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and crude oil), based on European Union guidelines and formal documents as well as the...
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Facial data registration facility for biometric protection of electronic documents
PublikacjaIn modern world, information is crucial, and its leakage may lead to serious losses. Documents as the main medium of information must be therefore highly protected. Nowadays, the most common way of protecting data is using passwords, however it seems inconvenient to type complex passwords, when it is needed many times a day. For that reason a significant research has been conducted on biometric authentication...