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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: anode,solid oxide fuel cell,exsolution,topotactic ion exchange
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X-Ray Computer Tomography Study of Degradation of the Zircaloy-2 Tubes Oxidized at High Temperatures
PublikacjaThe investigations of high-temperature oxidation of zirconium alloys, applied for fuel pellets in nuclear power plants, are usually limited to oxidation kinetics, phase transformations and microstructural characterization. The purpose of this research was to characterize the degradation phenomena occurring within oxide layer and at the interface oxide/metal, on internal and external Zircaloy-2 tube...
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Effect of Semiconductor Element Substitution on the Electric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics
PublikacjaThe investigated ceramics were prepared by a solid-state reaction from simple oxides and carbonates with the use of a mixed oxide method (MOM). The morphology of BaTi0.96Si0.04O3 (BTSi04) ceramics was characterised by means of a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that Si+4 ion substitution supported the grain growth process in BT-based ceramics. The EDS results confirmed the high purity and expected quantitative composition...
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Oxidation kinetics of Zircaloy-4 alloy at 673 K determined by GDOES technique
PublikacjaOxidation of zirconium alloys is a process that takes place during the operation of nuclear reactors and is essential for assessing the durability of fuel claddings. The present study was aimed to determine the oxidation kinetics of the Zircaloy-4 alloy using GDOES (glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy) at temperature 673 K corresponding to the conditions of use of fuel pellets. The tests were performed on non-oxidized...
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Określenie zawartości lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w odciekach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznej degradacji monosacharydów
PublikacjaOkreślenie zawartości lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w odciekach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznej degradacji monosacharydów. Milena Jabłońska, Maria Rybarczyk, Marta Wisielewska, Marek Lieder Politechnika Gdańska, Wydział Chemiczny, Katedra Technologii Chemicznej Zawartość lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w metabolitach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego (MFC – Microbial Fuel Cell) świadczy o rozkładzie...
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Recognition and sensing of anions
PublikacjaMolecular ion recognition is one of the most intensively studied areas of supramolecular technology. The reason for this is the essential role that ions play in many biological as well as industrial processes. On the other hand, however, it has been proved that ions can have a negative impact on human health and the environment. For these reasons, it is extremly important to develop rapid and simple methods allowing the determination...
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Determination of cyanide in urine and saliva samples by ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection
PublikacjaCommonly known as a highly toxic chemical, cyanide is also an essential reagent for many industrial processes. It naturally occurs in plant seeds as a cyanogenic glycosides. Another relatively common mode of cyanide exposure is inhalation of environmental tobacco smoke. This study concerns importance to determine cyanide ion in human biological samples. Urine and saliva samples were collected healthy volunteers exposed to tobacco...
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Storing Matter’technique in SIMS depth profile analysis
PublikacjaSecondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is a very useful technique for the analysis of layered systems. It is based on the primary ion beam sputtering of solids and mass analysis of the emitted secondary ions. A main limitation of this technique results from the direct quantitative analysis, since the ionization efficiency of a given atom is highly influenced by the neighbouring atoms at the surface. This phenomenon is known as...
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Design and Thermodynamic Analysis of an SOFC System for Naval Surface Ship Application
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Electrochemical Characterization of Gelatine Derived Ceramics
PublikacjaNew materials obtained by pyrolysis of gelatine (G) and poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane) (PSN) (weight ratio: G/PSN 70/30) at temperatures 700 and 900 °C were characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of ceramics influences on the cluster size of the materials. Electrochemical tests were performed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cyclic polarization. The capacity of G/PSN was 464 and 527 mAh/g for materials pyrolysed...
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Effectiveness of a dual surface modification of metallic interconnects for application in energy conversion devices
PublikacjaA dual surface modification of an SOFC metallic interconnect with a Gd2O3 layer and an MnCo2O4 coating was evaluated. The tested samples were oxidized for 7000 h in air at 1073 K. Oxidation products were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS, and confocal Raman imaging, and ASR was measured. The effect of gadolinium segregation at grain boundaries in Cr2O3 was evaluated using S/TEM-EDS. Area specific-resistance was measured and fuel...
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An advanced Thermal-FSI approach to flow heating/cooling
PublikacjaActually, two-way thermal-energy exchange between working fluid and solid material of a casing is a leading problem for modern – semi automatic – design techniques. Many questions should be solved, especially, the turbulent mode of thermal energy transport both in fluid and solid, should be re-examined and reformulated from the primary principles. In the present paper, a group of researchers from Energy Conversion Department of...
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Microstructural Design of Ba0.5La0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3 Perovskite Ceramics
PublikacjaBa0.5La0.5Co0.5Fe0.5O3 was synthesized in the solid-state reaction route. The influence of ball milling parameters (such as milling media size, angular velocity, and time), pelletizing pressure, and annealing parameters on the microstructure was studied. The grain size distribution and density or specific surface area changes were investigated in each approach while the individual parameters were changed. The evaluation of BLCF...
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NOWE MATERIAŁY ANODOWE DLA TLENKOWYCH OGNIW PALIWOWYCH (SOFCs) ZAPEWNIAJĄCE WYDAJNĄ PRACĘ W SYSTEMACH ZASILANYCH BIOGAZEM.
PublikacjaTlenkowe ogniwa paliwowe (z ang. Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, SOFCs) zasilane paliwami innymi niż czysty wodór podlegają procesom szybszego niszczenia i utraty zdolności do generowania prądu. Głównymi przyczynami takiego zachowania jest osadzanie się węgla na powierzchni anody oraz zatruwanie materiałów ceramicznych śladowymi ilościami siarki, fosforu lub chloru w paliwach węglowodorowych. W niniejszej pracy dokonano przeglądu przez...
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Sandwich Biobattery with Enzymatic Cathode and Zinc Anode Integrated with Sensor
PublikacjaCarbon paper covered with side-naphthylated multi walled carbon nanotubes was used as the conducting support for the construction of a biocathode in a hybrid biofuel cell. Laccase Carrena unicolor enzyme was employed as the catalyst for the 4e reduction of oxygen and a zinc disc covered with hopeite was used as the anode. Derivatized carbon nanotubes increase the working surface of the electrode and provide direct contact with...
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Water uptake kinetics and electrical transport in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−δ (M = Tb, Pr, Fe) protonic conductors
PublikacjaBaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−d (M = Fe, Pr, Tb) is a mixed conducting oxide in which three mobile charge carriers – oxygen ion, electron/hole, and protonic defects – are present. These types of materials have gained much interest as electrode materials for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) and protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs). In this study, the water uptake and oxygen transport properties of different BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−d...
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Research on flue gas flow measurement and modelling in the moving grate biomass boiler
PublikacjaThe aim of this research was to determine the nature of gas flow in a grate boiler model by the method of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and CFD. The paper presents the comparison of the PIV results with numerical simulations made in the environment of ANSYS Fluent. The main goal of the experiment was to describe the phenomena occurring on the grate. Methodology of modelling solid fuel combustion on the moving grate was proposed...
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Corrosion Study of Ceria Protective Layer Deposited by Spray Pyrolysis on Steel Interconnects
PublikacjaSingle fuel cells and electrolysis cells are assembled into stacks using interconnects in order to increase power and gas production capacity. The most common choice for the interconnect material is stainless steel. It has good electrical and mechanical properties and is also cost effective. One of the problems when using steel is the formation of a thermally grown oxide scale during use which has a lower electrical conductivity...
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SILICA AEROGEL TOWARDS ANODES FOR LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
PublikacjaAn increasing demand for electrochemical energy storage and conversion devices stimulates progress in research on electrode and electrolyte materials. In the field of electrodes materials, silicon is the one of the most promising anode materials for Li-ion batteries. However silicon has the drastic volume variation (around 3 times lower on extraction) during insertion and extraction of lithium ions. As an alternative, nanocomposites...
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Development of biocompatible iron oxide-silicon oxide core-shell nanoparticles as subcellular delivery platform for glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitors
PublikacjaIn order to develop the preparation of iron oxide-silica coreshell nanoparticles (CSNPs), thesis deeply explores the cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+) directed silica coating methods of the oleic-acid capped iron oxide nanoparticles (OA-IONPs) initialized under near-neutral pH conditions. It is demonstrated that the initial alkaline hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in the presence of CTA+ and OA-IONPs induces an unusual ligand exchange...
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Cation sensing by diphenyl-azobenzocrowns
PublikacjaMetal cations complexation and proton binding by 13- and 16-membered diphenyl-azobenzocrowns and diphenyl-hydroxyazobenzocrowns were studied in acetonitrile using spectroscopic methods: UV–vis spectroscopy, spectrofluorimetry, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. Phenyl moieties in benzene rings were found to affect binding strength alkali and alkaline earth metal cations and hydrogen ion, and affect tautomeric equilibrium of hydroxyazobenzocrowns....
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Influence of Operation Conditions on Temperature Hazard of Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LiFePO4) Cells
PublikacjaThe article presents and discusses the results of research on hazard, especially temperature, for selected lithium-ion-phosphate cells operated in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations but used under onerous mining conditions. This applies to the performance of cells in battery sets without the application of any management system (BMS). On the basis of the obtained test results, first of all, the influence of the...
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EXHAUST TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENTS OF THE MARINE TURBOCHARGED DIESEL ENGINES IN OPERATION
PublikacjaThe article presents the selected metrology issues concerning the exhaust temperature of the turbocharged marine engines during operation. The special concern has been paid on existing disturbances as well as thermodynamical interpretation of the recorded measurement signal. A diagnostic informativeness of the standard exhaust temperature’s measurements has worked out while the engine runs in steady states has been also considered...
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Influence of dopants on structure of polycrystalline bismuth niobate
PublikacjaBismuth niobate (BiNbO4) has attracted attention as a low-fired ceramics with promising microwave application potential. BiNbO4 ceramics was fabricated by mixed oxide method and sintered at temperature T<1000˚C. As the sintering aids a small amount of CuO oxide was used. The crystalline structure of the ceramic samples was examined by X-ray diffraction method at room temperature. The Rietveld refinement method was used for analysis...
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Study of the effect of thermally reduced graphene oxide on the physical and mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams
PublikacjaFlexible polyurethane foams were obtained from a two-component system via the one-step method. The foams were modified with thermally reduced graphene oxide added in the amount equal to 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 wt%. The morphology, static and dynamic properties, and thermal stability of modified foams were determined. The application of carbon filler resulted in the visible increase in the cell size, apparent density and rigidity of...
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Carbon nanoarchitectures as high-performance electrodes for the electrochemical oxidation of landfill leachate
PublikacjaNanomaterials and assemblies of the aforementioned into complex architectures constitute an opportunity to design efficient and selective solutions to wide spread and emerging environmental issues. The limited disposal of organic matter in modern landfills generates extremely concentrated leachates characterised by high concentrations of refractory compounds. Conventional biochemical treatment methods are unsuitable, while advanced...
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Cost-effective methods of fabricating thin rare-earth element layers on SOC interconnects based on low-chromium ferritic stainless steel and exposed to air, humidified air or humidified hydrogen atmospheres
PublikacjaMost oxidation studies involving interconnects are conducted in air under isothermal conditions, but during real-life solid oxide cell (SOC) operation, cells are also exposed a mixture of hydrogen and water vapor. For this study, an Fe–16Cr low-chromium ferritic stainless steel was coated with different reactive element oxides – Gd2O3, CeO2, Ce0.9Y0.1O2 – using an array of methods: dip coating, electrodeposition and spray pyrolysis....
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Multianalyte Calibration Methods for Potentiometric Integrated Sensors System for Determination of Ions Concentration in a Body Fluids
PublikacjaIn recent years, integration and miniaturization of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have brought many benefits resulting in the possibility of simultaneous determination of the ions concentration in a small sample volume. One of the key problems related to the preparation of integrated sensors systems (ISSs) is a calibration procedure due to the necessity to calibrate each particular sensor separately. The main aim of the research...
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THE IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC COMPOUND EMISSION SENSITIVITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETER DURING DYNAMIC PROCESSES OF THE MARINE ENGINE
PublikacjaChanging some parameters of the engine structure alters the emission of harmful components in the exhaust gas. This applies in particular to the damage of charge exchange system as well as fuel system and engine supercharger. These changes are much greater during the dynamic states and their accompanying transitional processes. The different sensitivity of diagnostic parameters to the same force, coming from the engine structure,...
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Cell-penetrating peptides – mechanism of transduction and synthesis – short review
PublikacjaPotential antimicrobial agents may be effective if they are delivered efficiently to their site of action. In many cases, lack of permeability through the cell membrane is the main problem. One of the possible solutions could be a novel intracellular delivery system involving cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), which may improve the efficiency of many new biophar-maceuticals. Among other things, CPPs are capable of trans-porting...
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Study of Metrological Properties of Voltammetric Electrodes in the Time Domain
PublikacjaMetrological properties of voltammetric electrodes, in the situation where on their surface an electrochemical reaction of oxidizing/reduction takes place, were analyzed in this chapter. The properties of electrodes on which a reaction controlled by ion transport process takes place were taken into consideration. Also, it was analyzed how the electrode’s shape and the voltage polarizing the electrode influence this electrode’s...
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The mechanisms of degradation of titanium dental implants
PublikacjaTitanium dental implants show very good properties, unfortunately there are still issues regarding material wear due to corrosion, implant loosening, as well as biological factors—allergic reactions and inflammation leading to rejection of the implanted material. In order to avoid performing reimplantation operations, changes in the chemical composition and/or modifications of the surface layer of the materials are used. This research...
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Glass-ceramic sealants and steel interconnects: accelerated interfacial stability and reactivity tests at high temperature
PublikacjaHigh-temperature reactions between glass-ceramic sealants and Fe-Cr alloy interconnects may lead to the formation of undesirable phases, and consequently degradation of solid oxide fuel/electrolyser devices. In this work, three different glass-ceramic sealants (Na-containing, Ba-containing, Sr-containing compositions) and Fe22Cr stainless steel powders (raw and pre-oxidised) are considered in order to test their chemical reactivity...
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CLAY MINERALS – MINERALOGY AND PHENOMENON OF CLAY SWELLING IN OIL & GAS INDUSTRY
PublikacjaAmong the minerals found in the earth's crust, clay minerals are of the widest interest. Due to the specific properties such as plasticity, absorbing and catalytic properties clay minerals are used in many industries (oil & gas, chemistry, pharmacy, refractory technology, ceramics etc.). In drilling, a phenomenon of swelling clays is frequently observed. It has an important impact on the cementing quality. During the last few decades...
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SURFACTANTS IN KLODNICA RIVER (KATOWICE, POLAND). PART II. QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS
PublikacjaThe paper presents methods of determination of analytes of the cation group (alkyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium (BDDA-C12-C16), alkyl trimethyl ammonium (TMA), hexadecyl piridinium (HP)) in surface water and bottom sediment samples. In the sample preparation phase the solid phase extraction (SPE) or accelerated solvent extraction/ultrasound assisted extraction (ASE/UAE)-SPE technique was used and in the identification phase and quantitative...
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Reshaping financial systems: The role of ICT in the diffusion of financial innovations – Recent evidence from European countries
PublikacjaExchange-traded funds (ETFs) are among the fastest-growing types of innovative financial products. The emergence and spread of these instruments have been facilitated by the digital revolution. Information and communication technology (ICT) is profoundly reshaping the global economic landscape, laying solid foundations for unrestricted and unbounded flows of information and knowledge, eliminating information asymmetries, and furthering...
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Synthesis, crystal structure and cytotoxic activity of ruthenium(II) piano-stool complex with N,N-chelating ligand
PublikacjaA mononuclear compound of the general formula [(η6-p-cymene)RuIICl(2,2′-PyBIm)]PF6 has been synthesized from a bidentate N,N-donor ligand, viz. 2,-(2′-pyridyl)benzimidazole (2,2′-PyBIm) and the corresponding chloro-complex [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(μ-Cl)Cl]2 (precursor). The isolated coordination compound was characterized by IR, UV–vis and 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopies. The single crystal X-ray analysis of the complex reveals that the asymmetric...
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Enthalpies of formation of rare earth niobates, RE3NbO7
PublikacjaHigh-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry was used to investigate energetics of a series of rare earth niobates RE3NbO7. All of investigated compounds were found to be stable in enthalpy in respect to their oxides. The enthalpy of formation from oxides becomes more exothermic as the size of the RE cation increases, a trend seen previously in other RE compounds including pyrochlores, perovskites, and phosphates. For smaller...
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Oxidation and hydrogen behavior in Zr-2Mn alloy
PublikacjaThe purpose of the present research was to determine the oxidation and hydrogenation behavior in the new Zr-2Mn alloy. The oxidation of alloy was performed at temperatures between 350°C and 900°C for 30 minutes. The hydrogen charging was made for 72 h at a current density 80 mA/cm2. The charged samples were heat treated at 400°C for 4 h to obtain a uniform hydrogen profile content across the sample. The oxidation resulted in an...
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Chemical denudation and the role of sulfide oxidation at Werenskioldbreen, Svalbard
PublikacjaThis study aims to determine the rate of chemical denudation and the relationships between dominant geochemical reactions operating in the proglacial and subglacial environments of the polythermal glacier Werenskioldbreen (SW Svalbard) during an entire ablation season. Water sampling for major ion chemistry was performed at a proglacial hydrometric station and from subglacial outflows from May to September 2011. These data were...
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A mechanistically approached review upon assorted cell lines stimulated by athermal electromagnetic irradiation
PublikacjaThe probable influence of electromagnetic irradiation on cancer treatment has been deduced from the interaction of artificial electromagnetic emissions with biological organisms. Nonetheless, the suspected health effects induced by electromagnetic-based technology imply that such a treatment may contaminate the adjacent healthy cells. Thus, gaining mechanistic insights into the problem is required to avoid athermal health hazards....
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Characterization of 1,3-alternate calix[4]arene-silica bonded stationary phases and their comparison to selected commercial columns by using principal component analysis
PublikacjaTwelve calix[4]arene stationary phases in 1,3-alternate conformation, synthesized in the authors laboratory, were characterized in terms of their surface coverage, hydrophobic selectivity, aromatic selectivity, shape selectivity, hydrogen bonding capacity and ion-exchange capacity. The set of tests commonly used for evaluation of commercially available stationary phases was applied to assess fundamental chromatographic properties...
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Determination of Selected Organic Acids in Animal Farm Water Samples by Ion Chromatography
PublikacjaLow molecular mass carboxylic acids (LCAs) occur in many environmental compartments due to natural processes and human activity. They are an important group of organic pollutants of waste water that mainly includes, volatile fatty acids, and also dicarboxylic, aromatic, hydroxy- and ketoacids. LCAs are present in the environment at concentrations between 1 to 5000 ppm and different methods have been reported for their determination...
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Wybrane aspekty oceny jakości produktów żywnościowych
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono wybrane aspekty oceny jakości produk tów żywnościo- wych: pojęcie jakości, wybrane metody oceny jakości ze szczególnym uwzględ- nieniem sztucznych potencjometrycznych sensorów sma ku składających się z szeregu elektrod typu ISE (Ion Selective Electrodes ) oraz ASSE (All Solid State Electrodes). Omówiono działanie sztucznych sensorów smaku. Przedstawiono 10 potencjometryczny sensor wprowadzony do obrotu hand lowego....
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Microbial and chemical quality assessment of the small rivers entering the South Baltic. Part II: Case study on the watercourses in the Puck Bay catchment area
PublikacjaDue to its location, Puck Bay is an area particularly vulnerable to pollution of anthropogenic origin. The aim of the study was to assess the water quality of small watercourses entering the inner part of Puck Bay. The paper presents the results of chemical and microbiological analyses of 10 rivers and canals at their estuaries located on the western shore of the internal Puck Bay. The following environmental parameters were analyzed:...
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The computational methods in the development of a novel multianalyte calibration technique for potentiometric integrated sensors systems
PublikacjaIn recent years, integration and miniaturization of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) have brought many benefits resulting in the possibility of simultaneous determination of the ions concentration in small volume samples. One of the key problems related to the preparation of potentiometric integrated sensors systems (PISSs) is a calibration procedure due to the necessity to calibrate each particular sensor separately. The main aim...
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Cement kiln dust
PublikacjaThe volume of cement production in the world has remained at the level of approxi mately 4.1 billion tons/year. The cement production process is energy intensive and is the world’s leading emitter of carbon dioxide. Therefore, the main activities cement plants are aimed at introducing technologies changes in production of clinkier.The construction industry is responsible for the majority of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere: the...
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Magnetization reversal process in flat and patterned exchange-biased CoO/[Co/Pd] thin films
PublikacjaNanostructured magnetic materials have gained great interest due to their possible technological applications in electronic and spintronic devices or in medicine as drug carriers. The key issue which decides on their potential industrial utilization is an exhibited type of a magnetization reversal process. Two main approaches used to describe the switching mechanism are the domain wall motion and coherent magnetization rotation,...
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Determination of cyanide ion in urine samples using ion chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection.
PublikacjaCyanides are widely applied in industrial activity, including gold and silver mining and the production of organic chemicals. HCN is also formed directly from fossil fuel combustion sources from gasoline and diesel vehicles. In natural environment, in plants seeds for example an apple seed, it exists as a cyanogenic glycosides. The amount of cyanide ions originating from food products is however rather small. Larger concentrations...
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Identification of diagnostic parameter sensitivity during dynamic processes of a marine engine
PublikacjaChanging some parameters of the engine structure alters the emission of harmful components in the exhaust gas. This applies in particular to the damage of charge exchange system as well as fuel system and engine supercharger. These changes are much greater during the dynamic states and their accompanying transitional processes. The different sensitivity of diagnostic parameters to the same force, coming from the engine structure, but...
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Imidazolium silanethiolates relevant to the active site of cysteineproteases. A cooperative effect in a chain of NH(+)...S(-) hydrogenbonds
PublikacjaThree imidazolium silanethiolates relevant to the active site of cysteine proteases have been synthesized and investigated by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and computational methods. As indicated by crystallographic and FT-IR data in the solid state, the transfer of proton from thiol to imidazole takes place and a thiolato-imidazolium ion pair is formed. The FT-IR spectra of crystalline imidazolium silanethiolates exhibit...