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Respiratory Rate Estimation Based on Detected Mask Area in Thermal Images
PublikacjaThe popularity of non-contact methods of measuring vital signs, particularly respiratory rate, has increased during the SARS-COV-2 pandemic. Breathing parameters can be estimated by analysis of temperature changes observed in thermal images of nostrils or mouth regions. However, wearing virus-protection face masks prevents direct detection of such face regions. In this work, we propose to use an automatic mask detection approach...
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Soft-decision schemes for radar estimation of elevation at low grazing angles
PublikacjaIn modern radars, the problem of estimating elevation angle at low grazing angles is typically solved using superresolution techniques. These techniques often require one to provide an estimate of the number of waveforms impinging the array, which one can accomplish using model selection techniques. In this paper, we investigate the performance of an alternative approach, based on the Bayesian-like model averaging. The Bayesian...
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Calibration of acoustic vector sensor based on MEMS microphones for DOA estimation
PublikacjaA procedure of calibration of a custom 3D acoustic vector sensor (AVS) for the purpose of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation, is presented and validated in the paper. AVS devices working on a p-p principle may be constructed from standard pressure sensors and a signal processing system. However, in order to ensure accurate DoA estimation, each sensor needs to be calibrated. The proposed algorithm divides the calibration process...
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Position and Orientation Estimation in Radio Network With Groups of Locally Synchronized Nodes
PublikacjaThis article presents a positioning system with groups of locally synchronized nodes. A mobile object is equipped with a group of several synchronized receivers that are able to measure the difference in the time of arrival of signals from reference transmitters. The reference transmitters are synchronized only in local groups, with no global synchronization between groups. It is assumed that the synchronous operation of transmitters...
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Simple 2-D Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using an ESPAR Antenna
PublikacjaIn this letter, it has been shown how an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna can be used for 2-D direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation employing received signal strength (RSS) values only. The proposed approach relies on changes in RSS values recorded at the antenna output port observed for different vertical and horizontal directions, while antenna’s main beam sweeps 360° area around the ESPAR antenna. Based...
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Energy consumption estimation of low-power devices using an integrating coulombmeter
PublikacjaThe main problem in designing devices powered with Energy Harvesting is an estimation of energy demand of low-power devices as well as quantity of energy provided by the selected energy transducer in the assumed work conditions. Due to the work characteristic of each block of the device and properties of the measured signal, measurement is not trivial. The paper presents the proposal of the micro-charge measurement device based...
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Closer Look at the Uncertainty Estimation in Semantic Segmentation under Distributional Shift
PublikacjaWhile recent computer vision algorithms achieve impressive performance on many benchmarks, they lack robustness - presented with an image from a different distribution, (e.g. weather or lighting conditions not considered during training), they may produce an erroneous prediction. Therefore, it is desired that such a model will be able to reliably predict its confidence measure. In this work, uncertainty estimation for the task...
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Detection and size estimation of crack in plate based on guided wave propagation
PublikacjaThe paper presents results of the comprehensive theoretical and experimental investigation of crack detection in metallic plate using guided wave propagation. The main aim of the paper is to develop the novel method which would allow for linear crack size estimation with the use of minimal number of the transducers. In general, there exists the relation between length of the propagation path and the wave amplitude value. However,...
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An Approach to Mean Path Loss Model Estimation for Off-Body Channels
PublikacjaThis paper presents an approach to estimation of the mean path loss model parameters in off-body Body Area Networks channels. In this approach, the path loss exponent is constrained to a value obtained for the line-of-sight (LoS) propagation in the co-polarised channel, considering a generalised static scenario. The comparison of the goodness of fit between the proposed approach and other approaches, for a set of measurements obtained...
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Sonar Pulse Detection Using Chirp Rate Estimation and CFAR Algorithms
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new approach to sonar pulse detection. The method uses chirp rate estimators and algorithms for the adaptive threshold, commonly used in radiolocation. The proposed approach allows detection of pulses of unknown parameters, which may be used in passive hydrolocation or jamming detection in underwater communication. Such an analysis is possible thanks to a new kind of imaging, which presents signal energy in...
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Adaptive estimation of the transformer stray capacitances for DC–DC converter modelling
PublikacjaNew low cost and accurate estimation method of transformer stray capacitances for wide band DC–DC converter modelling and design is proposed. The Wiener filter (WF) method is applied to estimate the transformer impedance – referred to the selected transformer winding configurations. Laboratory tests are used to adapt the filter, that is to find optimal impedance which minimises mean square error between measured, noise perturbed...
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Towards rainfall interception capacity estimation using ALS LiDAR data
PublikacjaIn this study we develop a spatial model for interception capacity of vegetation based on LiDAR data. The study is conducted in the natural wetland river valley dominated meadows, reeds and small bushes. The multiple regression model was chosen to relate the field measurements of interception capacity and LiDAR statistics at 2m grid. The optimal model was chosen by stepwise selection and further manual variables selection resulting...
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A probabilistic-driven framework for enhanced corrosion estimation of ship structural components
PublikacjaThe work proposes a probabilistic-driven framework for enhanced corrosion estimation of ship structural components using Bayesian inference and limited measurement data. The new approach for modelling measurement uncertainty is proposed based on the results of previous corrosion tests that incorporate the non-uniform character of the corroded surface of structural components. The proposed framework's basic features are outlined,...
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Estimation of the amplitude of the signal for the active optical gesture sensor with sparse detectors
PublikacjaIn this paper we deal with the problem of precise gesture recognition for the active optical proximity sensor with sparse 8 photodiodes. We particularly focus on developing the method of estimating the real, usually not observable, maximum signal value representing maximum intensity of light reflected from an obstacle present in the front of the sensor. Different configurations of the fingers were used as an obstacle. The Monte Carlo...
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Novel method of estimation of inertial and dissipative parameters of a railway pantograph model
PublikacjaAn increase in electric railway vehicles service velocity requires that correct interaction between the pantograph and the catenary is ensured. This implies the need for developing mathematical models of pantographs and catenaries and determining their parameters. The article presents a method to determine parameters of mechanical joints of a railway pantograph based on analysis of pantograph subassemblies in swinging motion. The...
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Estimation of the short-term predictor parameters of speech under noisy conditions
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The use of response surface methodology for reliability estimation of composite engineering structures
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Vector and Triangular Representations of Project Estimation Uncertainty: Effect of Gender on Usability
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Maximum A Posteriori Bayesian Estimation of Chromatographic Parameters by Limited Number of Experiments
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Disposition of Drugs of Abuse and Their Metabolites in Wastewater as a Method of the Estimation of Drug Consumption
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Speech formant frequency and pitch estimation using instantaneous complex frequency
PublikacjaW pracy opisany został algorytm estymacji częstotliwości podstawowej oraz częstotliwości środkowych i pasm formantów mowy z wykorzystaniem zespolonej pulsacji chwilowej. W artykule przedstawiono również wyniki działania algorytmu dla polskich samogłosek.
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Entropy of water calculated from harmonic approximation: estimation of the accuracy of method
PublikacjaSome molecular dynamics simulations were performed for liquid TIP4P and SPC water at a constant density (1.00 g/cm(3)) and within the temperature range of 5-90 degrees C. By using harmonic approximation, both the entropy of water S-H and the specific heat c(v) were calculated, and the results were compared to literature data. It was found that harmonic approximation overestimates absolute entropy of TIP4P water by 5.6 J/mol K (similar...
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Stiffness and pre-stretching estimation from indentation test of hyperelastic membrane
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The verification of the estimation of transport and sorption parameters in the MATLAB environment. Column test
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Estimation of hydromechanical parameters of limb lymphedematous tissue with the use of chamber tests
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ON IMPROVED ESTIMATION OF THE EXTREME VALUE INDEX WITH THE USE OF A SHIFTED HILL’S ESTIMATOR
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Accuracy improvement of short signal frequency estimation with the use of digital filtration
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono metodę estymacji częstotliwości krótkiej obserwacji zaszumionego sygnału sinusoidalnego. Podstawowy pomiar uzyskuje się za pomocą DFT. Jednak taki pomiar dla krótkich obserwacji cechuje bardzo mała dokładność. W omawianej metodzie pomiar ten jest poprawiany z użyciem specjalnie dobranego filtru cyfrowego. Jakość przedstawianej metody porównano z kilkoma innymi metodami również bazującymi na DFT.
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Numerical estimation of flood zones in the Vistula River valley, Warsaw, Poland
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono studium dotyczące wyznaczenia stref zagrożenia powodziowego dla miasta Warszawy wskutek wezbrań rzeki Wisły. Do oszacowania zasięgu stref wykorzystano matematyczny model ustalonego przepływu wolnozmiennego oraz numeryczny model terenu doliny rzeki. Do zobrazowania uzyskanych wyników zastosowano system GIS. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników zidentyfikowano obszary miasta Warszawy narażone na ewentualną powódź oraz odcinki...
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Wiener Filtering Applied to Conducted EMI Estimation in Soft Switching Inverter
PublikacjaW artykule tym przedstawiono metodę szacowania poziomu zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych przewodzonych generowanych w miekko-przełączalnym falowniku napięcia. Wykorzystano metodę filtracji Wienera, gdzie wykorzystano skończoną liczbę filtrów Wienera jako odzwierciedlenie wszystkich warunków generacji i propagacji zaburzeń. Do określenia transmitancji filtrów wykorzystano przebiegi napięć na zaciskach łączników energoelektronicznych...
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Asynchronous distributed state estimation based on a continuous time stochastic model
PublikacjaGłównym zadaniem systemu estymacji jest szacowanie stanu obserwowanego obiektu. W rozproszonych wieloczujnikowych systemach estymacji stan obiektu jest estymowany przez pewien zbiór estymatorów lokalnych. Każdy estymator lokalny wykonuje filtrację (np opartą na filtracji Kalmana) danych pochodzących ze skojarzonego z nim czujnika bądź czujników oraz fuzję przetworzonych danych z czujników z danymi pochodzącymi z innych lokalnych...
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A simple way of increasing estimation accuracy of generalized adaptive notch filters
PublikacjaGeneralized adaptive notch filters are used for identification/tracking of quasi-periodically varying dynamic systems and can be considered an extension, to the system case, of classical adaptive notch filters. It is shown that frequency biases, which arisein generalized adaptive notch filtering algorithms, can be significantly reduced by incorporating in the adaptive loop an appropriately chosen decision delay. The resulting performance...
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Estimation of Housing Demand with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS)
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Application of Square Msplit Estimation in Determination of Vessel Position in Coastal Shipping
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Estimation of musical sound separation algorithm effectiveness employing neural networks.
PublikacjaŚlepa separacja dźwięków sygnałów muzycznych zawartych w zmiksowanym materiale jest trudnym zadaniem. Jest to spowodowane tym, że dźwięki znajdujące się w relacjach harmonicznych mogą zawierać kolidujące składowe sinusoidalne (składowe harmoniczne). Ewaluacja wyników separacji jest również problematyczna, gdyż analiza błędu energetycznego często nie odzwierciedla subiektywnej jakości odseparowanych sygnałów. W tej publikacji zostały...
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Evaluation of empirical formulae for estimation of the longitudinal dispersion in activated sludge reactors
PublikacjaBadania traserowe są szeroko stosowane do oceny hydrauliki reaktorów. Jednak w komorach osadu czynnego interpretacja wyników jest trudna z uwagi na recyrkulacje wewnętrzne i recyrkulację osadu z osadnika. Wzory empiryczne mogą być alternatywną metodą oceny warunków hydraulicznych w komorach. Celem tych badań było sprawdzenie czterech wzorów empirycznych na obliczanie współczynnika dyspersji hydrodynamicznej w oparciu o wyniki badań...
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Direct estimation of functional and density operators by local operations and classical communication.
PublikacjaWykazano, że można dokonywać detekcji splątania w paradygmacie odległych laboratoriów. Pokazano, jak można fizycznie zaimplementować strukturalne przybliżenie fizyczne niefizycznego odwzorowania w tym paradygmacie.
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Estimation of optical parameters of highly scattering materials by time-of-flight spectroscopy.
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono metody wyznaczania podstawowych parametrów materiałów silnie rozpraszających światło na podstawie pomierzonego rozkładu czasu przelotu krótkich impulsów laserowych. W algorytmie wykorzystano metodę Monte Carlo i metodę dyfuzji do opisu propagacji światła. Oszacowano dokładność oszacowywania tych parametrów.
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Asynchronous distributed state estimation based on a continuous-time stochastic model
PublikacjaW artykule rozważa się problem estymacji stanu w asynchronicznych rozłożonych systemach (ADE) opartych na wielu czujnikach pomiarowych. W systemach takich stan obiektu jest oceniany przez grupę lokalnych estymatorów, z których każdy (oparty zwykle na filtrze Kalmana) dokonuje fuzji danych zebranych poprzez jego lokalne czujniki oraz danych odebranych od innych zdalnych procesorów, w celu wyznaczenia możliwie najlepszych estymat....
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Indirect Methods of Fish Target Strenght Estimation in Absolute and Logarithmic Domain
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono wyniki estymacji zasobów ryb realizowane w dziedzinie absolutnej (jako estymacja rozproszenia wstecznego) oraz w dziedzinie logarytmicznej (estymacja siły celu).
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Non-quadratic quality criteria in parameter estimation of continuous-time models
PublikacjaW pracy wykorzystuje się procedury estymacji parametrycznej do identyfikacji modeli z czasem ciągłym. Rozważane algorytmy minimalizują wskaźnik jakości w postaci sumy lub całki wartości bezwzględnej błędu predykcji. Zastosowanie techniki zmiennych instrumentalnych umożliwia ponadto znaczące polepszenie dokładności ocen parametrów, a wprowadzony do w procedur estymacji mechanizm ważenia błędów predykcji pozwala identyfikować modele...
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Asynchronous distributed state estimation based on a continuous-time stochastic model
PublikacjaW artykule rozważa się ogólny problem estymacji stanu w asynchronicznych rozłożonych systemach (ADE) opartych na wielu czujnikach. W takich systemach stan obiektu jest oceniany przez grupę lokalnych estymatorów, z których każdy oparty zwykle na filtrze Kalmana, dokonuje fuzji danych zebranych poprzez jego lokalne czujniki oraz danych uzyskanych od innych (zdalnych) procesorów, w celu wyznaczenia możliwie najlepszych estymat. Przeprowadzając...
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The use of Response Surface Methodology for reliability estimation of composite engineering structures
PublikacjaStability loss is one of the key issues in the analysis of shells made of composite materials. This paper aims at finding the variation of the critical or limit value of the load resulting from geometric imperfections. An axially compressed 16-layer cylindrical panel model is considered. The imperfections of the panel are simulated as random fields. The parameters of these fields are used as the basic variables of the reliability...
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An approach for estimation of water wall degradation within pulverized-coal boilers
PublikacjaThe main aim of this paper is to estimate the lifetime of water walls of pulverized-coal boilers at nominal conditions as well as after degradation of water tubes. An approach for a pulverized-coal chamber degradation process has been formulated based on operational and experimental data. This model was formulated using on-line state monitoring of a pulverized coal burner with aim of preventing the fireplace screens from high degradation...
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Estimation of the uncertainty of the LEM CV 3-500 transducers processing function
PublikacjaThe paper presents the methodology for estimating uncertainty of a voltage transducer processing function based on the example of LEM CV 3-500 transducer. The analysis was performed using the method based on the GUM Guide propagation of uncertainty law and the Monte Carlo numerical method. The article also presents a comparative analysis of the results of a voltage measurement evaluation done using the Monte Carlo simulation method,...
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Sensor Position Estimation Method for IoT Using Mobile Reference Node
PublikacjaThe paper proposes an innovative method of locating objects for the Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed method allows the position of a fixed measuring sensor (MS) to be estimated using one mobile base station with a known position moving around the MS. The mathematical analysis of the method, and three algorithms — Newton’s (NA), gradient descent (GD) and genetic (GA) — for solving the system of non-linear positional equations...
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On DoA estimation for rotating arrays using stochastic maximum likelihood approach
PublikacjaThe flexibility needed to construct DoA estimators that can be used with rotating arrays subject to rapid variations of the signal frequency is offered by the stochastic maximum likelihood approach. Using a combination of analytic methods and Monte Carlo simulations, we show that for low and moderate source correlations the stochastic maximum likelihood estimator that assumes noncorrelated sources has accuracy comparable to the...
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Estimation of Housing Demand with Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems (ANFIS)
PublikacjaIt has always been important to anticipate the demand for a product. To determine the demand for any product, the parameters such as the economic situation and the demands of the rival products are used generally. Especially in the housing sector, which is the locomotive sector for emerging countries, it is critical to anticipate housing demand and its relationship with economic variables. Because of that, economists, real estate...
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Robust estimation of deformation from observation differences for free control networks
PublikacjaDeformation measurements have a repeatable nature. This means that deformation measurements are performed often with the same equipment, methods, geometric conditions and in a similar environment in epochs 1 and 2 (e.g., a fully automated, continuous control measurements). It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that the results of deformation measurements can be distorted by both random errors and by some non-random errors, which...
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Identification of Kinematic Excitation Function by the Modal Coordinates Estimation of the System's Dynamics
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of the kinematic excitation courses’ identification in excitation points, based on the car road test acceleration at different measurement points. For the purpose of the laboratory fatigue life investigation of contemporary complex structures (e.g. cars bodies) and components of these structures (i.e. cars roofs), only a few first vibration modes are usually taken into account. During real life tests...
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Preparatory Railway Track Geometry Estimation Based on GNSS and IMU Systems
PublikacjaThe article discusses an important issue of railway line construction and maintenance, which fundamentally is the verification of geometric parameters of the railway track. For this purpose, mobile measurements have been performed using a measuring platform with two properly arranged GNSS receivers, which made it possible to determine the base vector of the platform. The measuring functionality of the system was extended by IMU....