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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) RECYCLING
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Amorficzny krzem przyszłością fotowoltaiki?
PublikacjaPodstawowym źródłem energii dla Ziemi jest promieniowanie słoneczne. Wartość strumienia energii słonecznej, emitowanej w kierunku Ziemi wynosi 173 000 TW. Człowiek jest w stanie przetworzyć i zmagazynować energię promieniowania słonecznego do postaci użytecznej, przy czym najbardziej rozpowszechnionym nośnikiem energii jest energia elektryczna. Zamiana energii słonecznej na elektryczną możliwa jest dzięki wykorzystaniu efektu...
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Synthesis of novel dinuclear ruthenium polypyridine dye for dye-sensitized solar cells application
PublikacjaA new dinuclear ruthenium(II) polypyridine complex has been successfully synthesized. The new compound has been characterized by spectroscopic and electrochemical methods. Its potential application as a sensitizing dye in dye-sensitized solar cells has been checked under AM 1.5 G irradiation conditions (100 mW cm−2) and its performance was compared to that of a commercially available mononuclear analogous dye. The overall light-to-electricity...
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Recent Advances in Development of Waste-Based Polymer Materials: A Review
PublikacjaLimited petroleum sources, suitable law regulations, and higher awareness within society has caused sustainable development of manufacturing and recycling of polymer blends and composites to be gaining increasing attention. This work aims to report recent advances in the manufacturing of environmentally friendly and low-cost polymer materials based on post-production and postconsumer wastes. Sustainable development of three groups...
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Badania rozkładu temperatury na powierzchni oświetlonego i obciążonego modułu fotowoltaicznego = Temperature distribution on the surface of illuminated and loaded solar cell module
PublikacjaTemperatura powierzchni modułu fotowoltaicznego, która stanowi powierzchnię absorbującą promieniowanie słoneczne, wzrasta w efekcie: absorpcji promieniowania słonecznego (nie-aktywnej absorpcji fotonów, która nie prowadzi do generowania par nośników ładunku), rekombinacji par elektron-dziura, przepływu fotoprądu (ciepło Joule'a - Lenza generowane jest w efekcie przepływu prądu przez rezystancję szeregową złącza p-n). Kolektor słoneczny...
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Polyurethane Glycerolysate as a Modifier of the Properties of Natural Rubber Mixtures and Vulcanizates
PublikacjaChemical recycling of polyurethanes can be realized in several different ways, but the most important methods are glycolysis and glycerolysis. Both methods permit recovery of polyols (when the process is realized with the mass excess of depolymerizing agent) or substitutes of polyols, which contain urethane moieties in the main chains and terminate mainly in hydroxyl groups (when the process is realized with the mass excess of...
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Waste Rubber Pyrolysis: Product Yields and Limonene Concentration
PublikacjaTires, conveyor belts, floor mats, and shoe soles form a main-stream of rubber waste. The amount of these used materials continuously increases due to development of the rubber market. Therefore, pro-ecological utilization (i.e., energy recycling instead of burning) and recovering valuable and recyclable materials becomes an urgent necessity. In this regard, this work was devoted to the chemical recycling of selected used rubber...
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THE IMPACT OF GROUND TIRE RUBBER TREATMENT ON THE THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE/GROUND TIRE RUBBER COMPOSITES
PublikacjaWaste car tires are burdensome waste, and their utilization is crucial for the natural environment. In many countries, the primary method of their recycling is energy recovery, performed by simple combustion. However, material recycling is much more effective and significantly more beneficial for the natural environment. It results in the generation of ground tire rubber, which can be used to produce polymerrubber composites. It...
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Potential Application of Solar Energy Systems for Electrified Urban Transportation Systems
PublikacjaThe paper presents a novel approach toward the use of solar energy systems in public transportation. The concept of energy generation in PV systems for supplying a trolleybus transportation system is proposed for the city of Gdynia (Poland). The suggested way of energy production allows reducing the environmental harm impact of the municipal transportation system. Moreover, the proposed way of green energy use can be a more profitable...
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Rozwój fotowoltaiki w okresie ogólnoświatowego kryzysu
PublikacjaSzereg uwarunkowań sprzyja rozwojowi sektora energetyki opartej o źródła odnawialne: wzrost świadomości społeczeństw co do konieczności ograniczenia emisji szkodliwych substancji, uregulowania prawne, polityki proekologiczne rządów państw, regulacje prawne na poziomie lokalnym, wsparcie w postaci programów i mechanizmów finansowych, a także wzrost cen energii ze źródeł konwencjonalnych i konieczność zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa energetycznego.Warto...
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Electrical properties of organic and perovskite systems used in solar cells
PublikacjaNowadays, a great progress in the areas of molecular and hybrid photovoltaics is observed. The devices based on organic and perovskite materials are getting attention mostly due to their low cost production process. However, their efficiency and stability are still lower than for inorganic materials which make them less popular. Therefore, a detailed understanding of the device physics is fundamental for organic and perovskite...
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Light-Powered Starter for Micro-Power Boost DC–DC Converter for CMOS Image Sensors
PublikacjaThe design of a starter for a low-voltage, micro-power boost DC–DC converter intended for powering CMOS image sensors is presented. A unique feature of the starter is extremely low current, below 1 nA, supplying its control circuit. Therefore, a high-voltage (1.3 V) configuration of series-connected photovoltaic diodes available in a standard CMOS process or a small external LED working in photovoltaic mode can be used as an auxiliary...
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Morphology and properties of recycled polyethylene/ground tyre rubber/thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane) blends
PublikacjaThe growing amount of plastics waste produced every year resulted in development of mechanical and chemical recycling methods of polymers and their blends or composites. From the environmental point of view, the possibility of plastics waste reusing and recycling is desirable. In this study three polymer blends were obtained with using recycled polyethylene (RPE), ground tyre rubber (GTR) and thermoplastic poly(ester-urethane)...
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The effect of temperature difference on heat transport in solar cells
PublikacjaW pracy omówiono wpływ wzrostu temperatury i mechanizm transportu ciepła na drodze przewodzenia w układach hybrydowych PV/T. Wyznaczono współczynniki przewodzenia krystalicznego krzemu typu n i p oraz gęstość strumienia ciepła w zakresie temperatur od 0 do 100 st. C.
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Electromodulation and magnetomodulation of exciton dissociation in electron donor (starburst amine) : electron acceptor (bathocuproine) system
PublikacjaElectric field dependencies of electromodulated photoluminescence and photocurrents as well as the magnetic field effects on photocurrents, photovoltaic characteristics, electromodulated photoluminescence and photoluminescence have been investigated in vacuum evaporated films of m-MTDATA:BCP (4,4',4''-tris(N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine and bathocuproine) system. The electromodulation processes do remain in accordance...
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Reclaimed Rubber/Poly(ε‐caprolactone) Blends: Structure, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties
PublikacjaThe amount of elastomeric waste, especially from tires is constantly increasing on a global scale. The recycling of these residua should be considered a priority. Compounding the waste rubbers with other polymers can be an excellent alternative to reuse waste materials. This procedure requires solving the issue of the lack of compatibility between the waste rubber particles and other polymers. Simultaneously, there is a claim for...
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DETERMINATION OF THE HYDROXYL NUMBER OF GROUND TIRE RUBBER PARTICLES VIA MODIFIED TEST METHOD FOR ISOCYANATE GROUPS
PublikacjaNowadays, considering the environmental trends and law regulations associated with the circular economy, it is very important to seek for the methods of by-products and waste utilization. The example of such material, which requires the attention and recycling method is ground tire rubber generated during recycling of post-consumer car tires. It can be introduced into various polymer matrices as a filler, but to enhance its effectivity...
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The influence of the UV irradiation on degradation of virgin rapeseed oils
PublikacjaThis paper presents research which is a continuation of the investigations described earlier. The aim of these studies was to determine the influence of UV irradiation on flavor and the oxidative stability of different rapeseed oils varieties. For the purpose of this study, oil samples underwent accelerated deterioration for 4.5 h under a UV light test. In the obtained sample, characteristic values (peroxide (PV, 1.23–1.62 meq...
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Simulation investigation of perovskite-based solar cells
PublikacjaThree models of thin-layer lead-halide perovskite solar cells with different electron-transport layers (TiO2,SnO2,ZnO) were investigatedby the simulation method. The perovskite layer thickness was optimized for all the systems. The analysis of the standard photovoltaic cell performanceparameters at various operating temperatures was performed. The best performance was achieved for the system with theSnO2conductive layer.
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Virgin rapeseed oils obtained from different rape varieties by cold pressed method - their characteristics, properties, and differences
PublikacjaCelem pracy było porównanie olejów uzyskanych z różnych odmian rzepaku. Oznaczono skład kwasów tłuszczowych, wartości liczb charakterystycznych (AcV, AnV, PV, TOTOX), zawartość karotenów, tokoferoli, chlorofili, polifenoli, metali (żelazo i miedź). Oznaczono stabilność oksydatywną olejów tłoczonych na zimno. Oznaczono skład frakcji lotnej i przeprowadzono analizy sensoryczne.
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Analiza impedancji sieci prądu stałego w instalacjach fotowoltaicznych
PublikacjaDokonano analizy impedancji sieci prądu stałego w instalacji fotowoltaicznej. Analizę tę przeprowadzono pod względem predykcji charakterystyki zaburzeń elektromagnetycznych generowanych przez instalacje PV. Badania przeprowadzono zarówno dla zaburzeń różnicowych, jak i wspólnych. Zastosowano podejście analityczne - wykorzystując teorię linii długiej oraz pomiary wykonane na stanowisku laboratoryjnym.
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Optimisation of cooperation of hybrid renewable energy sources with hydrogen energy storage toward the lowest net present cost
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a technical and economic analysis of the power supply for a model industrial facility based on intermittent renewable energy sources in the form of wind turbines and photovoltaic modules, supplemented with hydrogen energy storage. The adopted power supply strategy assumed the maximisation of self-consumption of self-produced electricity. Six variants were considered, including two with an energy...
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Modification of current-voltage characteristics of planar organic systems by nm-thick interlayer
PublikacjaEffect of nm-thick interlayer of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) or perylene dye (MePTCDI) on current-voltage characteristics of planar organic systems is discussed in the work. The MePTCDI layer strongly limits injection of holes from ITO into CuPc, while CuPc limits injection of electrons from ITO into MePTCDI. In the systems with CuPc/MePTCDI heterojunction an explicit photovoltaic effect occurs.
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Is the Concept of Zero Waste Possible to Implement in Construction?
PublikacjaThe scientifically treated problem of reusing building materials appeared in the literature more than 50 years ago. This paper includes an analysis of the characteristics of recycled building materials, which is a prerequisite for rational recycling. The analysis and simulation of building stocks at different scales has led to the conclusion that the most important link in the transformation of the construction industry towards...
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Waste tire rubber as low-cost and environmentally-friendly modifier in thermoset polymers – a review
PublikacjaNowadays, waste tire rubber (WTR) management is a growing and serious problem. Therefore, research works focused on the development of cost-effective and environmentally-friendly methods of WTR recycling are fully justified. Incorporation of WTR into polymer matrices and composite materials attracts much attention, because this approach allows sustainable development of industrially applicable waste tires recycling technologies....
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Reliable renewable energy – application of electrochemical capacitors for electrical energy storage
PublikacjaThis paper presents electrical energy storage devices such as electrochemical capacitors, their principle of operation and electrode materials most commonly used in their manufacturing technology. Moreover, our research on development of new nanocomposite materials based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes and conducting polymer is shown. Additionally, the possibility and advantages of application of supercapacitors for accumulation...
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Compatibilization of polymeric composition filled with ground tire rubber – short review
PublikacjaWaste rubber is recognized as valuable materials resource and searching for new recycling methods is the main activity of many research institutions and companies. At the turn of the last years only few scientific papers about foamed polymer compositions filled with ground tire rubber were published. In paper review about progress in compatibilization and foaming of polymeric compositions filled with ground tire rubber.
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Recykling elementów systemów fotowoltaicznych
PublikacjaZnaczny udział systemów fotowoltaicznych (PV) w generowaniu energii elektrycznej na całym świecie przynosi niewątpliwe korzyści dla środowiska naturalnego, ponieważ systemy te nie są źródłem hałasu ani emisji szkodliwych substancji czy gazów cieplarnianych.Jednak, aby pozostały one bez negatywnego wpływu na środowisko, konieczne jest wprowadzenie długofalowej strategii obejmującej kompletny "cykl życia" wszystkich elementów systemu:...
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Ongoing Progress on Pervaporation Membranes for Ethanol Separation
PublikacjaEthanol, a versatile chemical extensively employed in several fields, including fuel production, food and beverage, pharmaceutical and healthcare industries, and chemical manufacturing, continues to witness expanding applications. Consequently, there is an ongoing need for cost-effective and environmentally friendly purification technologies for this organic compound in both diluted (ethanol-water–) and concentrated solutions (water-ethanol–)....
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Composite 2D Material-Based Pervaporation Membranes for Liquid Separation: A Review
PublikacjaToday, chemistry and nanotechnology cover molecular separations in liquid and gas states by aiding in the design of new nano-sized materials. In this regard, the synthesis and application of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are current fields of research in which structurally defined 2D materials are being used in membrane separation either in self-standing membranes or composites with polymer phases. For instance, pervaporation...
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Analiza cyklu życia modułu słonecznego i jego wpływ na środowisko = Life cycle analysis of a solar module and its ecological impact
PublikacjaSystemy fotowoltaiczne są odnawialnym źródłem energii elektrycznej, które w czasie eksploatacji nie emitują żadnych szkodliwych substancji, hałasu, nie zwiększają również efektu cieplarnianego. Wpływ każdego produktu na środowisko naturalne, w tym także systemów fotowoltaicznych, musi uwzględniać końcową fazę istnienia - okres po zakończeniu eksploatacji. Obecnie produkowane moduły ogniw fotowoltaicznych mają 25÷30-letnią gwarancję...
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Zastosowanie superkondensatorów w autonomicznych systemach fotowoltaicznych
PublikacjaOpracowany we własnym zakresie, wykonany i opisany zespół układów elektronicznych, nieodzownych w wyposażeniu każdej baterii superkondensatorów stwarza wyjściowe warunki do wszechstronnych badań eksploatacyjnych kosztownej baterii. Wśród nich przedmiotem czołowych i pionierskich w kraju zainteresowań autorów jest problem efektywnej współpracy autonomicznych instalacji PV i superkondensatorów, mających szanse na całkowite wyeliminowanie...
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Sprawność konwersji modułu fotowoltaicznego i straty energetyczne
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia wpływu warunków eksploatacji ogniw fotowoltaicznych na sprawność konwersji i związane z tym procesem straty energetyczne. Omówiono metodę wyznaczania punktu maksymalnej mocy w zmieniających się warunkach nasłonecznienia i temperatury. Poruszono perspektywy rozwoju technologii produkcji i zastosowania ogniw PV na świecie w najbliższych latach, w szczególności możliwości zwiększenia sprawności konwersji...
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Theoretical designing of selenium heterocyclic non-fullerene acceptors with enhanced power conversion efficiency for organic solar cells: a DFT/TD-DFT-based prediction and understanding
PublikacjaIn this study, we have designed and explored a new series of non-fullerene acceptors for possible applications in organic solar cells. We have designed four molecules named as APH1 to APH4 after end-capped modification of recently synthesized Y6-Se-4Cl molecule. Density functional theory and time dependent-density functional theory have been employed for computing geometric and photovoltaic parameters of the designed molecules....
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Enhanced trap-assisted recombination in organic semiconductors
PublikacjaAn analytical model to describe the interaction of excitons and charge transfer states with deep traps is formulated for the case of molecular materials. Here, we have considered the influence of a trap-assisted recombination on this phenomenon. The final expression for the effective recombination rate has been derived from the Shockley–Read–Hall theory and kinetic equations which characterize different photophysical processes....
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Performance tuning of chitosan-based membranes by protonated 2-Pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid-sulfolane DES for effective water/ethanol separation by pervaporation
PublikacjaToday, the applicability of deep eutectic solvents (DES) in various fields, including membrane science and technology, is extensively investigated. In pioneering works, we have implemented different DES as a component of chitosan (CS)-based flat membranes for pervaporation (PV) separation. Herein, we present a new protonated (by sulphuric acid) 2-Pyrrolidone-5-carboxylic acid: sulfolane DES, as a green additive for its chemical...
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The influence of feed rate and shear forces on the devulcanization process of ground tire rubber (GTR) conducted in a co-rotating twin screw extruder
PublikacjaThe search for new ways to recycling of rubber waste has been the aim of many studies conducted by research centers and companiesworldwide. The results of our investigations on the process of continuous thermomechanical devulcanization of ground tire rubber using a twin screw extruder are presented.We used a co-rotating twin screw extruder with a special configuration of plasticizing unit, enabling generation of considerable shear...
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Polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC) as a method of wood waste management
PublikacjaIn recent years, due to the progressive environmental degradation and increase of environmental awareness, the sustainability of production systems in wood processing, the wood industry, and wood waste management is a crucial issue for European industry and society. Consequently, the problem of generating wood-like waste and the associated risks has become an increasingly noticeable challenge for science. Although various methods...
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Ground Tire Rubber Filled Flexible Polyurethane Foam—Effect of Waste Rubber Treatment on Composite Performance
PublikacjaThe application range of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams is comprehensive because of their versatility and flexibility in adjusting structure and performance. In addition to the investigations associated with further broadening of their potential properties, researchers are looking for new raw materials, beneficially originated from renewable resources or recycling. A great example of such a material is ground tire rubber (GTR)—the...
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Spalanie w cementowniach jako forma odzysku energetycznego opon
PublikacjaCombustion in cement mills as a form of energy recovery from tiressummary: the subject of used tires is an important issue in poland. in this article, special focus is aimed atmaterial recycling, i.e. tire burning. even though this is not the most energetically effective method, it is one ofthe main techniques used in tire utilization. tires are burned as alternative fuel in already existing cement mills.the high calorific value...
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Thermo-oxidative exfoliation of carbon black from ground tire rubber as potential reinforcement in green tires
PublikacjaConsidering the balance between rapidly growing global tire demand and scarcity of natural resources, recycling and reclaiming techniques of tire rubber have become the state of the art. Herein, we set out to implement a self-designed thermo-oxidative reactor for the exfoliation of carbon black (CB) from ground tire rubber, which is efficiently functioned under a thermo-oxidative reclaiming condition without any additive. The exfoliation...
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Organic photovoltaics - chosen aspects
PublikacjaThere are many types of organic and organic/inorganic (hybrid) photovoltaic devices that possess many beneficial properties over inorganic solar cells. That makes the former suitable for a broad range of applications and hence so much attention is paid to their development. In spite of intensive research carried on this field of science and technology there are still many crucial problems that need to be solved. Extensive knowledge...
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Inteligentna Synteza Niskich Częstotliwości w urządzeniach mobilnych
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono algorytm inteligentnej adaptacji parametrów syntezy niskich częstotliwości w urządzeniach przenośnych w zależności od odtwarzanego gatunku muzycznego (Smart VBS). Proponowany algorytm wykorzystuje metody generacji harmonicznych oparte na generatorze funkcji nieliniowych (NLD) i wokoderze fazowym (PV). Dla znalezienia optymalnych parametrów syntezy przeprowadzono testy subiektywne sprawdzające powiązanie parametrów...
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Wastewater reuse in agriculture: Prospects and challenges
PublikacjaSustainable water recycling and wastewater reuse are urgent nowadays considering water scarcity and increased water consumption through human activities. In 2015, United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 6 (UN SDG6) highlighted the necessity of recycling wastewater to guarantee water availability for individuals. Currently, wastewater irrigation (WWI) of crops and agricultural land appears essential. The present work overviews...
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One More Step Towards a Circular Economy for Thermal Insulation Materials—Development of Composites Highly Filled with Waste Polyurethane (PU) Foam for Potential Use in the Building Industry
PublikacjaThe rapid development of the building sector has created increased demand for novel materials and technologies, while on the other hand resulting in the generation of a severe amount of waste materials. Among these are polyurethane (PU) foams, which are commonly applied as thermal insulation materials. Their management is a serious industrial problem, due to, for example, their complex chemical composition. Although some chemical...
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High order of nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublikacjaWe analyze high order of nongeminate recombination in organic donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The model of recombination where an exciton annihilates on an electron–hole Langevin bound pair near donor–acceptor interface has been applied in our studies. We obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations for the concentration dependences of several parameters characterizing...
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The influence of the thickness, recombination and space charge on the loss of photocurrent in organic semiconductors: an analytical model
PublikacjaWe propose an analytical model of the photocurrent efficiency dependence on the light intensity in organic semiconductors. The influence of the thickness of sample, space charge effects and recombination of charge on the loss of photocurrent has been considered. We demonstrate that the presented model is the enhancement of an analytical model reported recently by Rappaport et al (2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 033714). The method to identify...
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Performance of the PVT solar collector operated with water-Al2O3 nanofluid
PublikacjaAn experimental investigation of the hybrid module photovoltaic panel -solar collector (PVT) cooled by water-Al2O3 nanofluids has been conducted. The weight fractions of the nanoparticles were 1% and 3%. Thermal efficiency, power efficiency and overall efficiency have been determined for artificial source of light and sunlight. No noticeable effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the overall efficiency of the PVT module has...
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PERFORMANCE OF THE PVT SOLAR COLLECTOR OPERATED WITH WATER –AL2O3 NANOFLUID
PublikacjaAn experimental investigation of the hybrid module photovoltaic panel -solar collector (PVT) cooled by water-Al2O3 nanofluids has been conducted. The weight fractions of the nanoparticles were 1% and 3%. Thermal efficiency, power efficiency and overall efficiency have been determined for artificial source of light and sunlight. No noticeable effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the overall efficiency of the PVT module has...
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A simple model of the trap-assisted recombination with the excitonic Auger mechanism
PublikacjaWe present a simple model of the trap-assisted recombination combined with the excitonic Auger mechanism. It has been shown that only six independent transitions of electrons and holes should be taken into account to describe a combination of the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination with this excitonic process. This is in opposition to a well-known model of the SRH mechanism with the free carriers Auger effect via deep states,...
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PROCESSING, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS
PublikacjaThe recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, for the efficient application of recycled materials it is crucial to analyze their performance. Therefore, in presented paper we investigated the processing (melt flow index),...