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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: road design
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Multifunctional catalyst-assisted sustainable reformation of lignocellulosic biomass into environmentally friendly biofuel and value-added chemicals
PublikacjaRapid urbanization is increasing the world's energy demand, making it necessary to develop alternative energy sources. These growing energy needs can be met by the efficient energy conversion of biomass, which can be done by various means. The use of effective catalysts to transform different types of biomasses will be a paradigm change on the road to the worldwide goal of economic sustainability and environmental protection. The...
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Risk assessment for tram traffic on tramway bridges
PublikacjaMiejski transport szynowy wielu miastach stanowi istotny element systemu transportowego i jest przestrzennie rozwijającym się systemem zapewniającym mieszkańcom codzienną obsługę transportową. Bezpieczeństwo pasażerów transportu szynowego i użytkowników dróg jest jednym z najważniejszych czynników, który należy uwzględnić w trakcie projektowania infrastruktury oraz w ocenie operacyjnej systemu miejskiego transportu tramwajowego....
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Impact evaluation of a cycling promotion campaign using daily bicycle counters data: The case of Cycling May in Poland
PublikacjaThe promotion of active and sustainable transport modes as an alternative to motorised individual transport has become a key policy priority in Europe, to reduce air pollution, road congestion, noise, traffic injuries, and the adverse health outcomes of sedentary lifestyles. Policymakers are implementing a wide range of measures to encourage this shift in attitudes and behaviours. These interventions are most valuable when targeting...
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Investigation method of large-volume tire with mobile test rig
PublikacjaThe goal of this research is to develop the tire test method and mobile tire test rig. The test rig enables measurement of tire properties as stiffness and viscous damping in vertical direction, and tire–ground characteristics on the asphalt rigid surface. The tire-ground characteristics are measured by force and a torque measurement hub. The design, calibration and the algorithm for calculating the forces in the wheel center are...
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Forecasting Poland`s road deaths. W: [CD-ROM]. Zbornik referatov. V. Medna- rodna Konferenca Globalna Varnost. V. International Conference Global Safe- ty. Portoroz, od 6. do 9 oktobra 2002, Slovenija. [B.m.]: ZVD, Slovene Road Safety Council**2002 [7 s. 5 rys. bibliogr. 8 poz.] Prognozowanie liczby zabitych w ruchu drogowym w Polsce.
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono sytuację w zakresie bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowegow Polsce oraz metodykę tworzenia długoterminowych prognoz rozwoju ryzyka w ruchu drogowym na przykładzie prognozy dla potrzeb Krajowego Programu Bez-pieczeństwa Ruchu drogowego GAMBIT 2000.
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Risk Assessment Due To Customs Delays In Supply Chains By Fuzzy Logic
PublikacjaDue to violations of existing trade relations, cargo flows between the European Union and Ukraine have been redistributed. As a result, new supply chains have been created that have increased the tension on ground transport, including road and rail. Unfortunately, this has caused significant delays when crossing the border, which has led to a greater increase in the total delivery time of goods. Therefore, to plan for effective...
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The Multivariate Multilevel Analysis of Different Regional Factors Impact on Road Safety in European Country Regions / WIELOPOZIOMOWA ANALIZA WIELOCZYNNIKOWA WPŁYWU RÓŻNYCH CHARAKTERYSTYK REGIONALNYCH NA POZIOM BEZPIECZEŃSTWO RUCHU W REGIONACH KRAJÓW EUROPEJSKICH
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Road and roof runoff waters as a source of pollution in a big urban agglomeration (Gdańsk, Poland) = Wody spływne z arterii komunikacyjnych i dachów budynków jako źródło zanieczyszczenia w dużych aglomeracjach miejskich (Gdańsk, Polska)
PublikacjaWody spływne są bardzo ważnym medium, transportującym zanieczyszczenia atmosferyczne z powietrza do gleby i wody powierzchniowej. Przedstawiono wyniki dotyczące analizy próbek opadów atmosferycznych oraz wód spływnych z arterii komunikacyjnych i dachów budynków. Wykonano oznaczenia na zawartość anionów, kationów, metali ciężkich i pestycydów. Próbki były pobierane podczas wystąpienia opadu w różnych miejscach na terenie Gdańska....
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Nondestructive methods complemented by FEM calculations in diagnostics of cracks in bridge approach pavement
PublikacjaNondestructive methods of road pavement diagnostics are an alternative to traditional approach to pavement failure investigation. The article presents a detailed multidisciplinary inspection carried out using ground-penetrating radar (GPR), laser scanning technology and finite element method (FEM) calculations. It was done in order to assess the factors that contributed to occurrence of premature cracks of a bridge approach pavement....
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Vision Zero in Poland
PublikacjaPoland’s experience of road safety work is relatively short. In the early 1990s road deaths soared to a staggering 8000 a year. A diagnosis found that Poland’s lack of systemic road safety action was to blame for those figures. In response, the state set up road safety bodies and commissioned road safety programs. In 2005, Poland followed the example of Sweden and adopted Vision Zero as a far-reaching concept of changes in road...
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Modelling Signalised Intersections Reliability of Functioning
PublikacjaThe article addresses a fundamental aspect of traffic, i.e. the operation of traffic signals at intersections, in reference to the reliability theory. In many cases, when intersections carry substantial amounts of traffic, selecting control parameters to produce satisfactory traffic conditions is quite difficult. Design methods do not cover all possible situations which are the result of intersection geometry and location...
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Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads
PublikacjaAccording to the UN, road safety is the key to achieving sustainable development goals, yet the complexity of how road accidents happen makes this a difficult challenge leaving many countries struggling with the problem. For years, Poland has infamously been one of the EU’s top countries for road-accident fatality rates. Despite that, it has made significant progress in the last thirty years with a fatality reduction of more than...
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Adaptive traffic optimization using Variable Speed Limits; Adaptacyjna optymalizacja ruchu drogowego przy pomocy zmiennych ograniczeń prędkości
PublikacjaVariable speed limits (VSL) is an intelligent transportation system (ITS) solution for traffic management. The speed limits can be changed dynamically in order to adapt to traffic, weather, or road surface conditions. This paper presents an approach for such an adaptive traffic control where the primary goal is to ensure traffic safety and efficiency of the traffic control system (fast response to dynamically changing traffic,...
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The Bridge of Data Project Objectives
PublikacjaOpen Research Data (ORD) is one of the emerging trends for researchers across the globe. However, it has to be stressed that the level of implementation and awareness of ORD varies between countries. Many initiatives have been created in Polish scientific institutions to support the process of opening publications. These are mainly Open Access (OA) repositories, implementing the so-called green road of OA. However, only a few universities...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublikacjaConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublikacjaConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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Tworzenie miasta przyjaznego wszystkim
PublikacjaTworzenie miasta przyjaznego wszystkim, to zadnie, które jest prawdopodobnie celem wszystkich włodarzy miejskich. Czy nie jest tak, że każdy chciałby w takim mieście zamiesz-kać? Jednak zadanie to jest dość trudne, bo wymaga pogodzenia wielu aspektów życia mieszkańców. Obecnie do zagadnień środowiskowych związanych z szeroko rozumianą ekologią dochodzi zagadnienie dostosowania przestrzeni zgodnie z zasadami projektowania uniwersalnego....
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Pedestrian safety management using the risk-based approach
PublikacjaThe paper presents a concept of a multi-level pedestrian safety management system. Three management levels are distinguished: strategic, tactical and operational. The basis for the proposed approach to pedestrian safety management is a risk-based method. In the approach the elements of behavioural and systemic theories were used, allowing for the development of a formalised and repeatable procedure integrating the phases of risk...
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Modelling the loss of time caused by traffic incidents on motorways
PublikacjaFor each road incident important factors like location, capacity reduction, traffic management, duration of road incidents and amount of traffic should be defined. All performer operations and effects of incidents affect the capacity of the road, average speed, time loss, vehicle queues and traffic jams. In the article road incidents were divided into planned and unexpected. Statistical analysis prepared using the database of traffic...
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The safety issue of roadside advertising – comparison of polish and abu dhabi regulations
PublikacjaIn Poland a large number of advertisements are located by the roadside. These ads do not support road traffic management and unlike the road marking system are not subject to any regulations. The advertiser’s goal is to communicate a message to as many recipients as possible. Drivers with different individual abilities, such as attention focusing, eye accommodation, speed of information processing, can be distracted, blinded or...
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HOW EFFICIENT IS NOISE LABELING OF TIRES?
PublikacjaSince 2012 all new tires in Europe must be labeled. The label contains general information about tire performance concerning rolling resistance (that corresponds to fuel economy), noise emission and wet grip (only for passenger car tires). Measurements of noise performance of tires must be performed according to the Annex 3 of the Regulation No 117 of the Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations. The regulation specifies...
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ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC ZONES IN POLAND WITH REGARD TO ASPHALT PERFORMANCE GRADING
PublikacjaTowards the end of the last century a new system of bitumen grading was developed and implemented as part of the American Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). Its aim was to better adjust the testing methods and requirements for road bitumens to the actual conditions in which those bitumens serve in road pavements. Currently in Poland, similarly as in the other EU countries, road bitumens are tested and classified with regard...
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Assessing vehicle restraint systems on horizontal curves
PublikacjaHorizontal curves, an element of road infrastructure, have a statistically high number of accidents. Considering that horizontal curves in the last ten years have had app. 10% of all road accidents representing app. 14% of all fatalities on Polish roads, the issue is serious and requires more research and proper road safety treatments. Data for 2007 - 2016 show that in the case of accidents on horizontal curves app. 45% of the...
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Roads unsafety - social costs
PublikacjaThe condition of road safety has a significant impact on the quality of citizens' life. Yearly, one in a hundred families in Poland suffers because of road accidents. It is affected by them not only in material terms but first and foremost in moral terms. Road accidents are one of the main causes of degradation in the quality of life. In Poland we hardly know anything about the fate of the road traffic victims, their life problems...
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Polish Experience of Implementing Vision Zero
PublikacjaPurpose of Review The aim of this study is to present an outline and the principles of Poland’s road safety strategic programming as it has developed over the last 25 years since the first Integrated Road Safety System with a strong focus on Sweden’s “Vision Zero”. Recent Findings Countries that have successfully improved road safety have done so by following strategies centred around the idea that people are not infallible and...
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Selected Problems of Transport in Port Towns – Tri-City as an Example
PublikacjaPort towns are strategic places from the point of view of transport systems. They form integration junctions for various transport branches , apart from the traditional - road and railway ones , also for water( sea) transport which is active there. Moreover, air transport comes also into consideration , whose efficient functioning must be connected with good accessibility, that concerns sea transport as well. Efficient and...
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Conditions and capacity for implementing Poland’s vision zero
PublikacjaSince 1991 Poland has been systematically reducing its traffic hazard. Despite considerable progress Poland is still among the most dangerous countries in the European Union. The key types of actions that help to reduce fatalities include enhancement of pedestrian safety, reducing the number of speeding drivers and eliminating or reducing hazard on the road. The paper presents a brief diagnosis of the state of road safety in Poland...
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Engineering method of tire rolling resistance evaluation
PublikacjaTire rolling resistance is one of the most difficult tire parameters to measure. The reason is that for modern tires the force of rolling resistance corresponds to 0.5–1% of tire load, thus measurements of very small forces must be performed in a heavily loaded system. This constitutes great problems, especially in road conditions. Laboratory measurements are easier to perform, as the environment may be better controlled, but roadwheel...
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Methods of Tire Rolling Resistance Measurements
PublikacjaTire rolling resistance is one of the factors related to tire/road interaction that has important influence on road vehicles performance. Raising fuel price and increased concern related to the environmental changes result in growing interest in reduction of tire rolling resistance that influences fuel consumption, especially in free-flowing highway traffic with moderate speeds. There are several methods of tire rolling resistance measurements....
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Assessing unsignalised pedestrian crossings
PublikacjaThe lack of pedestrian safety on crossings is a complex problem and one that is influenced by a number of factors such as the law, road traffic culture, the road and traffic. This paper will focus on the last two by presenting a method for assessing pedestrian crossings for their geometry and roadside using data from 930 pedestrian crossings in Warsaw. The authors of this paper have attempted to systematise the process of assessment...
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Protection of Pedestrians as the Key Action for Implementing - Poland’s Vision Zero
PublikacjaWHO reports show that pedestrians account for 10 to 70% of total road crash fatalities. In Poland, pedestrians also represent a significant road safety problem. For many years, pedestrian collisions have accounted for approx. 30% of total road crashes with more than 30% of pedestrians killed. Therefore, pedestrian safety has been one of Poland’s main objectives in its road safety programs implemented over the past 20 years. The...
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The effects of selected factors on pedestrian crossings in urban areas
PublikacjaPedestrian crossings are designed to help pedestrians cross a road. There are at-grade pedestrian crossings with or without traffic lights and grade separated crossings such as subways and footbridges. Pedestrian crossings may be located next to a junction or on road sections between junctions. Where at-grade crossings are involved, pedestrians and motorists interact, which may lead to dangerous situations and road traffic conflicts....
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Speed management on local government managed roads – research, recommendations and guidelines
PublikacjaCommissioned by the National Road Safety Council Secretariat, the project “Guidelines for speed management on local government managed roads” studied car driver be haviour when subjected to selected speed management measures such a local speed restrictions, surveillance, traffic calming and restricted speed areas. In addition, analyses were conducted on the impact of selected me asures...
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Experimental validation of the rolling resistance measurement method including updated draft standard
PublikacjaThe main objective of ROSANNE is the harmonisation and standardisation of the measurement of skid resistance, noise emission and rolling resistance of road pavements. Regarding rolling resistance characterisation, a draft for standardization of a harmonized procedure for classification of road surfaces across Europe has been prepared within WP3 (deliverable 3.5). The procedure deals with the direct measurement on real roads of...
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INFLUENCE OF LOAD AND INFLATION PRESSURE ON THE TYRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
PublikacjaTyre load and inflation pressure are important factors controlling rolling resistance of road vehicles. The article presents results obtained in the Technical University of Gdańsk during laboratory and road measurements of different car tyres rolling on different pavements. The knowledge of rolling resistance characteristics is important for modelling car dynamics as well as fuel consumption. It is also necessary to establish proper...
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ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE AUDIT OF LIGHTING PARAMETERS AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN WARSAW
PublikacjaThe night time, based on many world studies, generates an increased risk of serious accidents (with fatalities and serious injuries). This is especially true for accidents with pedestrians. Pedestrian crossings are very sensitive to the influence of the time of day in terms of pedestrian safety, elements of road infrastructure. This is visible on the example of Poland, where numerous accidents at crosswalks are recorded, characterized...
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Identification of Kinematic Excitation Function by the Modal Coordinates Estimation of the System's Dynamics
PublikacjaThe paper presents a method of the kinematic excitation courses’ identification in excitation points, based on the car road test acceleration at different measurement points. For the purpose of the laboratory fatigue life investigation of contemporary complex structures (e.g. cars bodies) and components of these structures (i.e. cars roofs), only a few first vibration modes are usually taken into account. During real life tests...
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Initial Field Validation of Poroelastic Pavement Made with Crumb Rubber, Mineral Aggregate and Highly Polymer-Modified Bitumen
PublikacjaTire/road noise in most driving conditions dominates other sources of traffic noise. One of the most efficient ways of reducing tire/road noise is to use the so-called “low noise pavement”. According to numerous studies, at present, poroelastic road pavement that is composed of rubber and mineral aggregate and polyurethane or bituminous binder gives the best noise reduction up to 12 dB. Unfortunately, there are many problems with...
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Accurate rolling resistance Rolling resistance measurements can be influenced by a number of factors
PublikacjaTire rolling resistance is one of the most difficult-to-measure parameters of the tire/ pavement interface, especially if road measurements are required. First of all, it is necessary to measure a fairly small force in the system that is heavily loaded by other forces and subjected to many adverse effects causing measurement errors. The second problem is related to the fact that tire rolling resistance depends on many factors,...
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Studying the Behaviour of Pedestrians and Drivers Within Pedestrian Crossings
PublikacjaEvery third road accident in Poland involves a pedestrian as a participant or, most of the time, a casualty. Pedestrian accidents are usually the result of complex situations and the outcome of a number of factors related to driver and pedestrian behaviour and road infrastructure. Safety depends largely on how well the traffic condition is perceived and on visibility in traffic. The re-lations between pedestrians and motorists...
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Effects of safety barrier life cycle cost factors - identification and analysis
PublikacjaThe costs borne by road infrastructure authorities for managing and maintaining road devices such as safety barriers may be very high. This has prompted the need for identifying and analysing in detail all factors that influence the costs of safety barriers throughout their service life. To meet that need, the authors used international experience and field data collected under the LifeRoSE project to define the cost structure...
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Diagnosis of damages in family buildings using neural networks
PublikacjaThe article concerns a problem of damages in family buildings, which result from traffic-induced vibrations. These vibrations arise from various causes and their size is influenced by many factors. The most important is the type of a road, type and weight of vehicles that run on the road, type and condition of the road surface, the distance from the house to the source of vibrations and many others which should be taken into account....
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Assessing Highway Travel Time Reliability using Probe Vehicle Data
PublikacjaProbe vehicle data (also known as “floating car data”) can be used to analyze travel time reliability of an existing road corridor in order to determine where, when, and how often traffic congestion occurs at particular road segments. The aim of the study is to find the best reliability performance measures for assessing congestion frequency and severity based on probe data. Pilot surveys conducted on A2 motorway in Poland confirm...
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Temperature Measurements at Tyre Tread Rubber on Sandpaper Oscillatory Sliding Contacts Using Acicular Grindable Thermocouples
PublikacjaThe tribological performance of tyre–road contacts depends crucially on the contact temperature. This study investigates the reliability and accuracy of acicular grindable thermocouples possessing an original needle-shaped wearable part as applied to measuring temperature at the oscillatory sliding contact between a rubber tyre tread sample and a sandpaper. A linear oscillatory tribometer is used to imitate the sliding phase of...
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Final report on noise and rolling resistance
PublikacjaWork Package 6 deals with environmental impacts of PERS use, including noise and rolling resistance. This report covers preliminary noise tests performed in the laboratory and at the road test sites. The obtained results indicate that PERS material reduce noise considerably - up to 12 dB in comparison to SMA16 reference surface. Noise reduction properties are especially visible in the case of factory produced PERS slabs supplied...
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TEMPERATURE INFLUENCE ON TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE MEASUREMENTS QUALITY
PublikacjaGlobal warming makes it necessary to reduce energy consumption, which in the case of motor vehicles, is connected, among other things, with reduction of resistive forces acting on a vehicle during its motion. One of the most important components of those forces is rolling resistance, which is very difficult to measure, especially in road conditions. The article deals with issues related to the influence of the thermal state of...
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On analysis of double-impact test of 1500-kg vehicle into w-beam guardrail system
PublikacjaEvery day on roads many scenarios of accidents may occur. One of the measures to minimize their consequences is road safety barriers. Finite Element analyses are being increasingly used to support the physical testing of these devices. The paper addresses the issue of a secondary impact into the previously damaged w-beam guardrail system. This situation belongs to one of the most dangerous which can happen on roads and may cause...
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Comparison of Tire Rolling Resistance Measuring Methods for Different Surfaces
PublikacjaThe rolling resistance of car tires is one of the most important parameters characterizing tires today. This resistance has a very significant contribution to the energy consumption of wheeled vehicles. The climate crisis has forced tire and car manufacturers to place great emphasis on the environmental impact of their products. Paradoxically, the development of electric vehicles has led to an even greater importance of rolling...
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Pedestrian Safety at Midblock Crossings on Dual Carriageway Roads in Polish Cities
PublikacjaRoad crossings across two or more lanes in one direction are particularly dangerous due to limited sight distance and high vehicle speeds. To improve their safety, road authorities should provide safety treatments. These may include additional measures to reduce speed and narrow the road cross-section and the introduction of active pedestrian crossings. Equipped with flashing lights activated automatically when a pedestrian is...
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Load function walking pedestrian on the footbridge.
PublikacjaModern foot bridges are more and more sensitive to variable load created by moving pedestrians. These are several reasons for that. Quickly growing up road infrastructure forces us to build foot bridges just to reconnect one piece of land, separated now by the new road or railway. These bridges are lightweight because the only live load acting on them comes from pedestrians.The paper focuses on the definition of human induces dynamic...