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The Influence of the Electrodeposition Parameters on the Properties of Mn-Co-Based Nanofilms as Anode Materials for Alkaline Electrolysers
PublikacjaIn this work, the influence of the synthesis conditions on the structure, morphology, and electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of Mn-Co-based films is studied. For this purpose, Mn-Co nanofilm is electrochemically synthesised in a one-step process on nickel foam in the presence of metal nitrates without any additives. The possible mechanism of the synthesis is proposed. The morphology and structure...
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Syntheses and crystal structures of lithium derivatives of diphosphanes R2P-P(SiMe3)Li·3L, R = Ph, iPr and iPr2N, L = THF or DME
PublikacjaW wyniku reakcji R2P-P(SiMe3)2 z BuLi w THF lub DME powstają pochodne litowe difosfanów R2P-P(SiMe3)Li·3L. Dla R = iPr oraz iPr2N powstają sole R2P-P(SiMe3)Li·3THF, w których atom litu jest czterokrotnie koordynowany a dla R = Ph powstaje sól [Li·3DME]+[Ph2P-PSiMe3]-, która posiada budowę jonową. W reakcji BuLi z Ph2P-P(SiMe3)2 powstają znaczne ilości produktów ubocznych: Ph2P-PPh2 i LiP(SiMe3)2.
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Laser stimulated second and third harmonic optical effects in F: SnO2 nanostructures grown via chemical synthetic route
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Structural, thermal and energetic characteristics of synthetic active carbons prepared on the basis of ion-exchange resin Amberlite IRC 84
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Endometrial nitric oxide production and nitric oxide synthases in the equine endometrium: Relationship with microvascular density during the estrus cycle
PublikacjaNitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in angiogenesis and in the regulation of the blood flow. This study was carried out to investigate (i) the effects of endogenous estrogens and progestins and exogenous progesterone (P(4)) (5 ng/ml or 1 microg/ml) or estradiol 17beta (E(2)beta) (50 pg/ml or 1 microg/ml) on in vitro endometrial NO synthesis; (ii) the presence of different isoforms of NO synthase;...
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Computer vision techniques applied for reconstruction of seafloor 3D images from side scan and synthetic aperture sonars data
PublikacjaThe Side Scan Sonar and Synthetic Aperture Sonar are well known echo signal processing technologies that produce 2D images of the seafloor. Both systems combines a number of acoustic pings to form a high resolution image of seafloor. It was shown in numerous papers that 2D images acquired by such systems can be transformed into 3D models of seafloor surface by algorithmic approach using intensity information, contained in a grayscaled...
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Comparison of disk and tube methods for estimation of biostatic properties of polyurethanes based on synthetic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate
PublikacjaThe influence of novel aliphatic polyurethanes on growth of Staphyloccocus aureus (SA)in the around of polymer samples has been estimated by disk method. It was staed that the growth of SA was inhibited.The influence of polyurethanes on planctonic Staphyloccocus aureus was also pefrormed by tube method. In this test the slight decrease of bacteria concentration was noticed.
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Bio-Based Polyurethane Composites and Hybrid Composites Containing a New Type of Bio-Polyol and Addition of Natural and Synthetic Fibers
PublikacjaThis article describes how new bio-based polyol during the liquefaction process can be obtained. Selected polyol was tested in the production of polyurethane resins. Moreover, this research describes the process of manufacturing polyurethane materials and the impact of two different types of fibers—synthetic and natural (glass and sisal fibers)—on the properties of composites. The best properties were achieved at a reaction temperature...
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Comparison of Cu1.3Mn1.7O4 spinels doped with Ni or Fe and synthesized via wet chemistry and solid-state reaction methods, designed as potential coating materials for metallic interconnects
PublikacjaThe influence of the method applied to synthesize Cu-Mn-O spinel was evaluated. The methods selected for the investigation were EDTA gel processes and solid-state reaction synthesis. From the obtained powders, sinters were prepared and assessed in terms of their properties as potential coating materials. Additionally, the influence of Ni and Fe dopants was evaluated. The results show that the EDTA gel processes method seems to...
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Ho2Pd1.3Ge2.7 – a ternary AlB2-type cluster glass system
PublikacjaWe report a successful synthesis of a ternary AlB2-type intermetallic compound. The phase purity was obtained by fine-tuning the Pd-Ge ratio out of the idealized 1-3. Attempts to synthesize an Er analogue were not successful. We discuss the instability of the Er analogue based on the atomic size ratio and also suggest that the increased stability of Ho2Pd1+xGe3−x in the Pd-rich range likely stems from a combination of atomic size...
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Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides
PublikacjaThis review summarizes the state of knowledge on the chemical methods of C(5)-modifications of uridine and cytidine derivatives and may serve as a useful tool for synthetic chemists to choose an appropriate reaction protocol. The synthesis of 5-substituted uracil derivatives is gaining an increasing interest because of their possible applications in medicine and pharmacy. Modifications at the C(5) position of pyrimidine nucleosides...
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A Convenient Stereoselective Synthesis of trans-4a,5,8,8a-Tetrahydro-2H-isoquinolin-1-ones via trans 3-Allylation of 4-Allyl-3,4-dihydropyridine-2-thiones and RCM as Key Steps
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Lower rim substituted p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene. Part 17. Synthesis, extractive and ionophoric properties of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene appended with hydroxamic acid moieties
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Lower rim substituted p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene. Part 16. Synthesis of 25,26,27,28-tetrakis(piperidinylthiocarbonylmethylene)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and its interaction with metal ions
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Lower rim substituted p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arene. Part 17. synthesis, extractive and ionophoric properties of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene appended with hydroxamix acid moieties
PublikacjaThe synthesis and characterization of four p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene-hydroxamic acidc are reported. The dependence of the metal ion binding, assessed by liquid extraction of the metal nitrates from water into dichloromethane in individual and competitive experiments, on the ligand structure, is presented. The results showed that those ligands could be successfully used in separation process of trnasition and heavy metals often...
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Activation of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGlu2) and Muscarinic Receptors (M1, M4, and M5), Alone or in Combination, and Its Impact on the Acquisition and Retention of Learning in the Morris Water Maze, NMDA Expression and cGMP Synthesis
PublikacjaThe Morris water maze (MWM) is regarded as one of the most popular tests for detecting spatial memory in rodents. Long-term potentiation and cGMP synthesis seem to be among the crucial factors involved in this type of learning. Muscarinic (M1, M4, and M5 receptors) and metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are important targets in the search for antipsychotic drugs with the potency to treat cognitive disabilities associated with...
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Cast polyurethanes obtained from reactive recovered polyol intermediates via crude glycerine decomposition process
PublikacjaIn this work, the possibility of applying intermediates from polyurethane waste recycling in polyurethane synthesis was presented. Polyurethanes were synthesised in a two-step method using a mixture of petrochemical polyol and glycerolysate, used as a reactive component, 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-buthanediol (BD). Glycerolysates were produced during decomposition of polyurethane elastomer by crude glycerine...
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The influence of synthetic polyhydroxybutyrate on selected properties of novel polyurethanes for medical applications. Part I. Polyurethanes with aromatic diisocyanates in hard segments
PublikacjaZsyntetyzowano poliuretany (PUR) z udziałem 37% segmentu sztywnego uzyskanego na etapie przedłużania łańcucha prepolimeru w reakcji 4,4â-diizocyjanianu difenylometanu (MDI) z 1,4-butanodiolem (1,4-BD). Segmenty giętkie wytworzonych PUR były zbudowane z poli([R,S]-3--hydroksymaoelanu) (a-PHB) i polikaprolaktonodiolu (PCL) lub z a-PHB i polioksytetrametylenodiolu(PTMG). Zbadano wpływ obecności w łańcuchu PUR syntetycznego a-PHB...
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Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes properties on the photocatalytic activity of bismuth-based composites synthesised via an imidazolium ionic liquid
PublikacjaThe use of various types of multi-walled carbon nanotubes in the synthesis of bismuth oxybromide semiconductors via imidazolium ionic liquid was studied in detail. The effect of the MWCNT shape, specific surface area, and various diameters on the morphology, surface properties and photoactivity of the Bi-based composites has been investigated for the first time. So far, the literature has only shown the enhancement of photocatalytic...
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Ultrasound-assisted wet-impregnation of Ag–Co nanoparticles on cellulose nanofibers: Enhanced catalytic hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol
PublikacjaIn this study, a novel nanocomposite of bimetallic Ag–Co nanoparticles supported on cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) was synthesised using the ultrasound-assisted wet-impregnation method for catalytic applications. CNFs were prepared from cellulose acetate using the electrospinning technique. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis confirmed the successful synthesis of CNFs. Further, scanning electron microscopy (SEM)...
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Experimental and computational study on the reactivity of 2,3-bis[(3-pyridylmethyl)amino]-2(Z)-butene-1,4-dinitrile, a key intermediate for the synthesis of tribenzoporphyrazine bearing peripheral methyl(3-pyridylmethyl)amino substituents
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New 2-[(4-Amino-6-N-substituted-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)methylthio]-N-(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonamide Derivatives, Design, Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation
PublikacjaIn the search for new compounds with antitumor activity, new potential anticancer agents were designed as molecular hybrids containing the structures of a triazine ring and a sulfonamide fragment. Applying the synthesis in solution, a base of new sulfonamide derivatives 20–162 was obtained by the reaction of the corresponding esters 11–19 with appropriate biguanide hydrochlorides. The structures of the compounds were confirmed...
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Novel 5-Substituted 2-(Aylmethylthio)-4-chloro-N-(5-aryl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl)benzenesulfonamides: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, Anticancer Activity, Apoptosis-Inducing Activity and Metabolic Stability
PublikacjaA series of novel 5-substituted 2-(arylmethylthio)-4-chloro-N-(5-aryl-1,2,4-triazin-3-yl) benzenesulfonamide derivatives 27–60 have been synthesized by the reaction of aminoguanidines with an appropriate phenylglyoxal hydrate in glacial acetic acid. A majority of the compounds showed cytotoxic activity toward the human cancer cell lines HCT-116, HeLa and MCF-7, with IC50 values below 100 M. It was found that for the analogues 36–38...
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Modelling and optimisation of MXene-derived TiO2/Ti3C2 synthesis parameters using Response Surface Methodology based on the Box–Behnken factorial design. Enhanced carbamazepine degradation by the Cu-modified TiO2/Ti3C2 photocatalyst
PublikacjaIn the present study, a hydrothermal method in a water/ethanol environment was used for the first time to obtain novel Cu/TiO2/Ti3C2 composites with high photocatalytic activity for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) under simulated solar light. The Box–Behnken factorial design was coupled with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) for synthesis parameter optimisation. The effect of different synthesis parameters, including temperature, time...
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Approaches Towards Better Immunosuppressive Agents
PublikacjaSeveral classes of compounds are applied in clinics due to their immunosuppressive properties in transplantology and the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Derivatives of mycophe-nolic acid, corticosteroids and chemotherapeutics bearing heterocyclic moieties like methotrexate, azathioprine, mizoribine, and ruxolitinib are active substances with investigated mechanisms of action. However, improved synthetic approaches of known drugs...
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Calix[4]arene-Thioamides as Ionophores for Transition and Heavy Metal cations
PublikacjaCalix[4]arene derivatives play an important role as sensing materials in Ion Selective Electrodes(ISEs). Nowadays a high impact is put to control in natural waters the level of toxic heavy metals, like Pb ,Cd, Hg or Cu which may cause the great risk to human health. Our goal was to design and to synthesize ligands possessing ability to bind transition and heavy metal cations. The synthesis, crystal structures,extractive and ionophoric...
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Syntheses, chemical strustures and properties of poly(ester-etherurethane)s crosslinked with styrene, synthesized from unsaturated oligo(alkylene ester-ether)diols and 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
PublikacjaMetodą dwuetapową, w reakcji syntezy wytworzonych uprzednio oligo(alkilenoestro-etero)dioli (OAEE) z 4,4'-diizocyjanianem difenylometanu (MDI) otrzymano nowe nienasycone poli(estro-eterouretany) (NPEEUR), które następnie poddano sieciowaniu styrenem wobec inicjatorów polimeryzacji rodnikowej: nadtlenku metyloetyloketonu (MEKPO) i 2-etylocykloheksanianu kobaltu (EtHCo). Usieciowane PEEUR scharakteryzowano na podstawie badań wytrzymałości...
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Reactions of Lithiated Diphosphanes R2P-P(SiMe3)Li (R = tBu, iPr, iPr2N, Et2N) with [Cp2WCl2]. Syntheses and Structures of the First Terminal Phosphanylphosphido Complexes of Tungsten(IV)
PublikacjaReactions of R2P−P(SiMe3)Li (R = tBu, iPr, iPr2N, Et2N) with [Cp2WCl2] yield terminal phosphanylphosphido complexes [Cp(C5H4P-PR2)WH] or [Cp{C5H4P-PR2}-W(SiMe3)] by way of a hydrogen or SiMe3 migration to tungsten. The solid-state structures of [Cp(C5H4P−PtBu2)-WH] and [Cp(C5H4P-PNEt2)WH] were established by singlecrystalX-ray diffraction. Two stereoisomers of [Cp(C5H4P−PtBu2)WH] were identified by solution NMR spectroscopy. Reaction...
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The influence of a synthetic growth hormone‐releasing hormone analogue G11 and opioid peptide biphalin on selected fibroblasts parameters relevant to wound healing
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Reversed-phase and normal-phase thin-layer chromatography and their application to the lipophilicity prediction of synthetic pyrethroids based on quantitative structure–retention relationships
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Nanosized Carbon Black Combined with Ni2O3 as “Universal” Catalysts for Synergistically Catalyzing Carbonization of Polyolefin Wastes to Synthesize Carbon Nanotubes and Application for Supercapacitors
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Investigation of the Effects of Primary Structure Modifications within the RRE Motif on the Conformation of Synthetic Bovine Herpesvirus 1‐Encoded UL49.5 Protein Fragments
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Analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 modified in the conserved P1′ position by synthetic or non-proteinogenic amino acids retain their inhibitory activity
PublikacjaA series of linear and monocyclic (with a disulfide bridge only) analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 modified in the P-1 and/or P-1' positions were synthesized by the solid-phase method. In the substrate specificity P-1 position, Phe or N-benzylglycine (Nphe) were introduced, whereas the conserved Ser6 in Bownam-Birk (BBI) inhibitors was replaced by Hse (L-homoserine), Nhse [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine], Sar, and Ala. Kinetic studies...
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Exploring the Reactivity of Unsymmetrical Diphosphanes toward Heterocumulenes: Access to Phosphanyl and Phosphoryl Derivatives of Amides, Imines, and Iminoamides
PublikacjaWe present a comprehensive study on the diphosphanation of iso(thio)cyanates by unsymmetrical diphosphanes. The reactions involving unsymmetrical diphosphanes and phenyl isocyanate or phenyl thioisocyanate gave rise to phosphanyl, phosphoryl, and thiophosphoryl derivatives of amides, imines, and iminoamides. The structures of the diphosphanation products were confirmed through NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and single-crystal...
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Reactions of tBu2P-PLi-P(tBu)2 with [(Et3P)2MCl2] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt). Synthesis and properties of [(1,2-h-tBu2P=P-P(tBu)2)M(PEt3)Cl] (M=Ni, Pd)
PublikacjatBu2P-PLi-P(tBu)2*2THF reaguje z [(Et3P)2MCl2] (M = Ni, Pd) dając odpowiednio [(1,2-h-tBu2P=P-P(tBu)2)Ni(PEt3)Cl] i [(1,2-h-tBu2P=P-P(tBu)2)Pd(PEt3)Cl]. Związek tBu2P-PLi-P(tBu)2 utlenia się i ligand tBu2P-P-P(tBu)2 przyjmuje w produktach strukturę bocznie związanego kationu z krótkim wiązaniem P-P. Reakcja ze związkami platyny nie dała oczekiwanych produktów.
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Potassium Tri-tert-butoxysilanethiolates: Synthesis, Properties, and Crystal and Molecular Structures of [(tBuO)3SiSK]6[THF]2·2THF, {[(tBuO)3SiS]2K2}n, and [(tBuO)3SiSK]4[H2O]4·C6H6
PublikacjaW reakcji tri-tert-butoksysilanotiolu z potasem otrzymano trzy nowe związki:[(tBuO)3SiSK]6[THF]2·2THF, {[(tBuO)3SiS]2K2}n, i[(tBuO)3SiSK]4[H2O]4·C6H6. Stanowią one dogodne substraty w syntezach kompleksów silanotiolanowych metali przejściowych. Charakteryzują się one również różnorodnością tworzonych układów. Rentgenowska analiza strukturalna wykazała, iż tworzą one trzy typy makrocząsteczkowych układów, w których...
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Synthesis of 11,12-dihydro benzo[c]phenanthridines via a Pd-catalyzed unusual construction of isocoumarin ring/FeCl3-mediated intramolecular arene-allyl cyclization: First identification of a benzo[c]phenanthridine based PDE4 inhibitor
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Synthesis, molecular structure, and metabolic stability of new series of N' -(2-alkylthio-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-1-(5-phenyl-1 H -pyrazol-1-yl)amidine as potential anti-cancer agents
PublikacjaA series of new N'-(2-alkylthio-4-chloro-5-methylbenzenesulfonyl)-1-(5-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)amidine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro by MTT assays for their antiproliferative activity against cell lines of colon cancer HCT-116, cervical cancer HeLa and breast cancer MCF-7. The studied compounds display selective activity mainly against HCT-116 and HeLa cells. Thus, five compounds show selective cytotoxic...
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Reactions of (Ph)tBuP-P(SiMe3)Li·3THF with [(PNP)TiCl2] and [MeNacNacTiCl2·THF]. Synthesis of first PNP titanium(IV) complex with phosphanylphosphinidene ligand [(PNP)Ti(Cl){η2-P-P(Ph)tBu}]
PublikacjaLithium derivative of diphosphane (Ph)tBuP-P(SiMe3)Li (1) was isolated for the first time and investigated in reactions with β-diketiminate (MeNacnac− = [Ar]NC(Me)CHC(Me)N[Ar]; Ar = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) and PNP-pincer (PNP = N[2-PiPr2-4-methylphenyl]2) Ti(III) complexes. The β-diketiminate titanium(III) complex containing phosphanylphosphido ligand [MeNacNacTi(Cl){η2-P(SiMe3)-P(Ph)tBu}] (2) was prepared in reaction of [MeNacNacTiCl2·THF]...
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Lower Rim Substituted p-tert-Butyl-Calix[4]arene. Part 16. Synthesis of 25, 26, 27, 28-tetrakis(piperidinethiocarbonylmethylene)-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and its interaction with metal ions
PublikacjaThe synthesis, characterisation and X-ray crystal structures of p-tert-butyl-calix[4]arenethioamide L and its complex with lead L-Pb2+ is reported. The cation-binding properties in solution have been assessed by liquid-liquid extraction of the metal picrates from water into dichloromethane and by stability constants determination in acetonitrile using UV-absorption spectrophotometry or potentiometry. The compound was used as active...
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Electrode materials for electrochemical capacitors based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes characterized in aqueous and aprotic electrolytes
PublikacjaWithin this work, we report a facile one-stage synthesis of nanocomposites based on functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and electroactive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene). Three different composites are investigated as potential electrode materials for the electrochemical capacitors. Two of the composites contain carbon nanotubes (ox-CNTs), functionalized by acid oxidation process (65% HNO3, 120 °C). The third composite...
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Capacitance Enhancement by Incorporation of Functionalised Carbon Nanotubes into Poly(3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene)/Graphene Oxide Composites
PublikacjaThis paper reports on the role of oxidised carbon nanotubes (oxMWCNTs) present in poly-3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (PEDOT)/graphene oxide (GOx) composite. The final ternary composites (pEDOT/GOx/oxMWCNTs) are synthesised by an electrodeposition process from the suspension-containing monomer, oxidised carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide. Dissociated functional groups on the surface of graphene oxide play a role of counter-ions for the...
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Peroxymonosulfate-assisted photocatalytic degradation of artificial sweeteners in water
PublikacjaIn the present study, peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation was proposed for efficient photocatalytic degradation of aspartame, acesulfame, saccharin, and cyclamate - artificial sweeteners frequently present in wastewaters and surface waters worldwide. The TiO2 nanosheets with exposed {0 0 1} facets were synthesised using the fluorine-free lyophilisation technique as a green concept for the synthesis and used for the photodegradation...
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Pyrolysis Combined with the Dry Reforming of Waste Plastics as a Potential Method for Resource Recovery—A Review of Process Parameters and Catalysts
Publikacja: Emissions of greenhouse gases and growing amounts of waste plastic are serious environmental threats that need urgent attention. The current methods dedicated to waste plastic recycling are still insufficient and it is necessary to search for new technologies for waste plastic management. The pyrolysis-catalytic dry reforming (PCDR) of waste plastic is a promising pro-environmental way employed for the reduction of both CO2 and...
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A heterotrimetallic synthetic approach in versatile functionalization of nanosized {MxCu13–xW7}3+ and {M1Cu8W6} (M = Co, Ni, Mn, Fe) metal–cyanide magnetic clusters
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Capillary gas chromatography using a -cyclodextrin forenantiomeric separation of methylamphetamine, its precursors andchloro intermediates after optimization of the derivatization reaction
PublikacjatThe enantiomeric ratio of methylamphetamine (MAMP) is closely related to the optical activity of precur-sors and reagents used for the synthesis and this knowledge can provide useful information concerningthe origins and synthetic methods used for illicit manufacture. The information can be utilized for reg-ulation of the precursors and investigation of the manufacturing sources but this requires analyticalprocedures to determine...
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Silver complexes stabilized by large silanethiolate ligands – crystal structures and luminescence properties
PublikacjaBulky silanethiolate and disiladithiolate ligands were applied to synthesize one mononuclear and three trinuclear silver complexes including two cyclic “microclusters” and a linear tri-nuclear silanethiolate complex. All obtained compounds are characterized by X-ray diffraction and FT-IR. NMR and emission spectroscopies were used where possible. The first trinuclear anionic silver thiolate is structurally characterized. The influence...
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Novel amides of mycophenolic acid and some heterocyclic derivatives as immunosuppressive agents
PublikacjaThe group of new amide derivatives of mycophenolic acid (MPA) and selected heterocyclic amines was synthesised as potential immunosuppressive agents functioning as inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) uncompetitive inhibitors. The synthesis employed uronium-type activating system (TBTU/HOBt/DIPEA) while or phosphonic acid anhydride method (T3P/Py) facilitating amides to be obtained in moderate to excellent yields without...
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Polyurethanes
PublikacjaThe chapter content is devoted to Polyurethanes and consists of the following items: general characteristics of polyurethanes, raw materials used in the synthesis of crosslinked polyurethanes, synthesis and crosslinking reactions of polyurethanes, morphology of liniear and branched PU, manufacturing methods and functional properties.
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Automated detection of pronunciation errors in non-native English speech employing deep learning
PublikacjaDespite significant advances in recent years, the existing Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Training (CAPT) methods detect pronunciation errors with a relatively low accuracy (precision of 60% at 40%-80% recall). This Ph.D. work proposes novel deep learning methods for detecting pronunciation errors in non-native (L2) English speech, outperforming the state-of-the-art method in AUC metric (Area under the Curve) by 41%, i.e., from...