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A Survey of Vehicular Network Systems for Road Traffic Management
PublikacjaIn this survey, we analyze the proposals of vehicular communication systems in the context of road traffic management. Starting with the definition of communications between vehicles (V2V), vehicles-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicles-to-everything (V2X), we first focus on the requirements and current standards for the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS), including the maximum communication delay, the communication range and the...
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Acoustic Detector of Road Vehicles Based on Sound Intensity
PublikacjaA method of detecting and counting road vehicles using an acoustic sensor placed by the road is presented. The sensor measures sound intensity in two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the road. The sound intensity analysis performs acoustic event detection. A normalized position of the sound source is tracked and used to determine if the detected event is related to a moving vehicle and to establish the direction of movement....
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Studying road restraint systems to develop new guidelines
PublikacjaThe paper will present a proposed approach to such work along with preliminary results of numerical studies for selected problems using road safety devices such as safety barriers on horizontal curves, the effect of kerbs on bridges or the location of obstacles within the barrier’s working width. The paper will discuss assumptions to a methodology of numerical models, calculations and automated processing of data to help with assessing...
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The influence of road surface unevenness on tyre rolling resistance
PublikacjaThe geometric characteristics of road surface substantially affect the interaction between tyre and road. Depending on pavement texture wavelength, the texture chiefly affects tyre/road friction, rolling resistance, interior and exterior noise, tyre wear, and ride comfort. The article presents results of investigations on the influence of road surface unevenness on the rolling resistance of passenger car and truck tyres. The tests...
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Speed monitoring and management in national road safety program
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono system długoterminowych badań prędkości pojazdów umozliwiający śledzenie ich zmian. Zmiany te są analizowane w powiązaniu z wdrażanymi środkami nadzoru oraz edukacyjnymi oddziaływaniami na uczestników ruchu, a także ze zmianami infrastruktury drogowej. Podano też ogólne zalecenia do programu GAMBIT 2005, wynikające z dotychczasowych badań prędkości.
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Implementation of road safety programmes in Polish regions and poviats
PublikacjaZarządzanie bezpieczeństwem ruchu jest słabą stroną zarządzania drogami i ruchem drogowym w Polsce. W referacie przedstawiono sposób usystematyzowanego podejścia do struktury i organizacji takiego zarządzania bazując w tym na dotychczasowym doświadczeniu uzyskanym przy tworzeniu regionalnych programów poprawy brd w Polsce.
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Speed dependency of temperature effects on road traffic noise
PublikacjaRecently, a new literature review on the influence of temperature on tire/road noise became available, based on a compilation of large amounts of data from empirical research. This review showed that the effect of temperature is roughly double of that previously assumed and taken account of in international standards. This makes temperature one of the main sources of error in measurement results. Furthermore, it suggested that...
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The Belt and Road Initiative and export variety: 1996–2019
PublikacjaThis study examines the association between the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and export variety (EV). We propose three hypotheses on how BRI may foster export markets (destinations) or export product lines. The estimates are based on a dataset constructed specifically for this analysis, covering 183 countries and linked with trade data from 1996 to 2019. We apply the instrumental variable (IV) approach in regressions for covering the...
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Detection of Water on Road Surface with Acoustic Vector Sensor
PublikacjaThis paper presents a new approach to detecting the presence of water on a road surface, employing an acoustic vector sensor. The proposed method is based on sound intensity analysis in the frequency domain. Acoustic events, representing road vehicles, are detected in the sound intensity signals. The direction of the incoming sound is calculated for the individual spectral components of the intensity signal, and the components...
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Assessment of fitness for service of Cr-Mo steel tubes in catalytic reforming charge heaters
PublikacjaIn this paper characteristic features of metal dusting corrosion in high temperature gas mixtures of high carbon activity in catalytic reforming units, including Continuous Catalyst Regeneration (CCR) platformer are presented. Examples of 2.25Cr-1Mo and 9Cr-1Mo steel tubes at advanced stages of metal dusting process after long-term service in charge heaters are used to prove that destructive examinations are necessary to provide...
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Effects of stressful physico-chemical factors on the fitness of the plant pathogenic bacterium Dickeya solani
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Experimental research on evolutionary path planning algorithm with fitness function scaling for collision scenarios
PublikacjaThis article presents typical ship collision scenarios, simulated using the evolutionary path planning system and analyses the impact of the fitness function scaling on the quality of the solution. The function scaling decreases the selective pressure, which facilitates leaving the local optimum in the calculation process and further exploration of the solution space. The performed investigations have proved that the use of scaling...
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Driver influence on tyre/road noise generated by vehicle in road traffic.Wpływ kierowcy na hałas generowany przez pojazd w ruchu drogowym.
PublikacjaW pracy omówiono wkływ stylu jazdy kierowcy oraz stanu technicznego wybranych zespołów pojazdu na jego hałas generowany w ruchu drogowym. Wpływ został przeanalizowany w aspekcie takich parametrów, jak: prędkość jazdy, obciążenie kół siłami wzdłużnumi i poprzecznymi, ciśnienie w ogumieniu, obciążenie pionowe kół, zbieżność i inne.
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Stress–strain model of lower corroded steel plates of normal strength for fitness-for-purpose analyses
PublikacjaThis study investigates the mechanical properties of specimens made of normal strength steel subjected to lower marine immersed corrosion degradation levels (below 25 %). The specimens were corroded in laboratory conditions, and only natural factors were controlled to raise the corrosion rate (reaching the level of 1 mm/year). Three different thicknesses of plates made of normal strength of shipbuilding steel are investigated (between...
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Impact of the surface evenness and texture on tire/road rolling resistance
PublikacjaThis paper deals with the issue of a surface's roughness and texture impact on tire/road rolling resistance. It includes a brief description of research aims, measurements and an analysis of results. It also presents observations and conclusions regarding drum facility modernisation which allows studies concerning surface's roughness and texture impact on tire/road rolling resistance.
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Modelling selected road safety measures at the regional level in Europe
PublikacjaRegions are Europe’s basic levels of management. The literature was reviewed to identify regional safety analyses and some of the factors that are important for road safety in the regions. Next, data were collected atthe regional NUTS 2 level in Europe for the years 1999-2008. An analysis of the data helped identify f actors which have the strongest bearing on fatalities and other safety measures. This paper presents the initial...
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MODEL OF MULTILEVEL STOCHASTIC ANALYSIS OF ROAD SAFETY ON REGIONAL LEVEL
PublikacjaIn this paper multilevel approach to the issue of road safety level on the road network of European regions, classified as NUTS 2 in statistical databases of the European Union, has been presented. Following the pattern of many publications on road safety it has been assumed that the risk calculated as the number of death casualties in road accidents per 100,000 inhabitants of a given region has Poisson distribution. Therefore,...
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Combining Road Network Data from OpenStreetMap with an Authoritative Database
PublikacjaComputer modeling of road networks requires detailed and up-to-date dataset. This paper proposes a method of combining authoritative databases with OpenStreetMap (OSM) system. The complete route is established by finding paths in the graph constructed from partial data obtained from OSM. In order to correlate data from both sources, a method of coordinate conversion is proposed. The algorithm queries road data from OSM and provides...
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Low Noise Poroelastic Road Pavements Based On Bituminous Binder
PublikacjaTire/road noise is the dominant source of traffic noise. It depends both on the tire design and on the characteristics of road pavements as well as on the vehicles’ operating conditions. Due to the fact that conventional (pneumatic) car tires have almost reached the limits of their ability to further reduce their noisiness, it is widely believed that the additional reduction of tire noise will be possible mainly through modifications...
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Aquaporins in the male reproductive system: A chance for paternity or a road to nowhere?
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India’s ‘Neighbourhood First’ policy and the Belt & Road Initiative (BRI)
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Preparation and implementation of the National Road Safety Programme GAMBIT 2005
PublikacjaKrajowy Program BRD GAMBIT 2005 jest spójny z najwazniejszymi dokumentami dotyczącymi rozwoju systemu transportu w Polsce (Polityka Transportowa, Strategia Rozwoju Transportu). Jest też spójny z III Planem BRD Unii Europejskiej. Program ten daje możliwość zintensyfikowania działań prewencyjnych, prowadzonych w celu ochrony zycia i zdrowia uczestników ruchu drogowego. Efektem tego programu będzie uratowanie życia kilkunastu tysiącom...
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Directivity of tire/road noise emission for selected tires and pavements
PublikacjaPraca pośwoęcona jest kierunkowości emisji hałasu opon i nawierzchni drogowych. Opony są dominującym źródłem haasu w pojaździe poruszającym się w typowych warunkach ruchu drogowego. Hałas ten nie jest bezkierunkowy jak to przyjmuje się w modelach obliczeniowych hałasu. Takie założenia wynikają z ograniczonej dostępności danych dotyczących kierunkowości i mogą prowadzić do niedokładności przy prognozowaniu hałasu drogowego. Praca...
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Concrete versus green corridors in road planning. Gdansk case
PublikacjaThe aim of an article is to present the threats which may be caused by the construction of the transit road inside the city structure, and some mitigation measures aiming to eliminate or minimize environmental and landscape damages and social problems. Theoretical guidelines and conclusions will be followed by the example illustrating the problem. As an answer, some guidelines enabling sustainable road planning will be presented....
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Reduction of Tire Rolling Resistance by Optimization of Road Surfaces and Tires
PublikacjaDuring interaction between tire and road surface three very important phenomena are always in effect. One of them (very desirable) is friction that is important for traction, braking and cornering. Two other phenomena are not desirable at all, that is rolling resistance and noise. This paper discusses relations between road surface and tire parameters versus tire rolling resistance. Road surface texture, porosity, impedance, strength...
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Safety PL - a support tool for Road Safety Impact Assessment
PublikacjaPublished on 19 November 2008, the European Union's Directive 2008/96/EC is one of the most important EU documents setting out a road safety orientation, in particular, road infrastructure safety management. It identifies four main areas of activity: road safety impact assessment, road safety audit, ranking of high accident concentration sections and network safety ranking and road infrastructure safety inspection. The Directive...
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Fuzzy regresion approach to road safety analysis at regional level
PublikacjaRoad safety modelling on regional level of NUTS 2 in the EU is the complex issue and authors of this article indicate this in previous publications. NUTS 2 are basic regions for the application of regional policies (0.8-3 m inhabitants). During multivariate models development they discovered that it is difficult to make regression model well described all regions, even if they are from one country. In the first step Poisson model...
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The Role of Greenery and Traffic Calming Measures in Planning of Road Infrastracture
PublikacjaThe role of greenery and traffi c calming measures in road infrastructure planning. The “life” of a town is connected with its infrastructure. So it is that, apart from serving their principal function, motorways, roads, airports and other facilities which make transport possible largely determine contemporary urban design. To achieve balanced forms of urban infrastructure that ensure comfort, safety and spatial order, it is necessary when...
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Pedestrian safety in road traffic – studies, recommendations and proposed improvements
PublikacjaPedestrians are involved and most frequently the victims of every third road accident in Poland. Pedestrian accidents most frequently occur in complex circumstances, as a result of many factors related to the behaviour of drivers and pedestrians. The basic parameters that determine road safety include the perception of traffic and visibility on the road. The paper will present the results of research conducted within the project...
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Automatic road traffic safety management system in urban areas
PublikacjaTraffic incidents and accidents contribute to decreasing levels of transport system reliability and safety. Traffic management and emergency systems on the road, using, among others, automatic detection, video surveillance, communication technologies and institutional solutions improve the organization of the work of various departments involved in traffic and safety management. Automation of incident management helps to reduce...
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Machine learning applied to acoustic-based road traffic monitoring
PublikacjaThe motivation behind this study lies in adapting acoustic noise monitoring systems for road traffic monitoring for driver’s safety. Such a system should recognize a vehicle type and weather-related pavement conditions based on the audio level measurement. The study presents the effectiveness of the selected machine learning algorithms in acoustic-based road traffic monitoring. Bases of the operation of the acoustic road traffic...
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Selective monitoring of noise emitted by vehicles involved in road traffic
PublikacjaAn acoustic intensity probe was developed measures the sound intensity in three orthogonal directions, making possible to calculate the azimuth and elevation angles, describing the sound source position. The acoustic sensor is made in the form of a cube with a side of 10 mm, on the inner surfaces of which the digital MEMS microphones are mounted. The algorithm works in two stages. The first stage is based on the analysis of sound...
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Estimation of Average Speed of Road Vehicles by Sound Intensity Analysis
PublikacjaConstant monitoring of road traffic is important part of modern smart city systems. The proposed method estimates average speed of road vehicles in the observation period, using a passive acoustic vector sensor. Speed estimation based on sound intensity analysis is a novel approach to the described problem. Sound intensity in two orthogonal axes is measured with a sensor placed alongside the road. Position of the apparent sound...
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The rigid and flexible road pavements in terms of life cycle costs
PublikacjaThe cost of road pavement construction, its durability and reliability depends on many factors, including: the scope and detail of the technical design, quality of work but also the scope of works related to its maintenance, conservation and operation. Determining the amount of rational expenses, in terms of the life cycle cost of the pavement, requires determination and consideration of the above issues, already at the planning...
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Support Vector Machine Applied to Road Traffic Event Classification
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper is to present results of road traffic event signal recognition. First, several types of systems for road traffic monitoring, including Intelligent Transport System (ITS) are shortly described. Then, assumptions of creating a database of vehicle signals recorded in different weather and road conditions are outlined. Registered signals were edited as single vehicle pass by. Using the Matlab-based application...
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Technical and Economic Analysis of the Implementation of Selected Variants of Road Investment
PublikacjaThe aim of the article is to analyze three variants of modernization and reconstruction of a road intersection, which in practice is the cause of numerous collisions and accidents. Detailed design solutions are presented for them. The aim of the analyses is to indicate an effective solution that, taking into account technical modifications of the road system elements, will ensure the functionality of the road system to the highest...
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The role of numerical tests in assessing road restraint system functionality
PublikacjaKey to understanding the needs and building road infrastructure management tools to prevent and mitigate run-off-road accidents is to identify hazards and their sources which are a result of wrong design, construction, and installation of road restraint systems. Building such tools requires advanced studies with field tests, simulations and models to demonstrate the effects of selected parameters on road user safety. The research...
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Modeling of traffic safety indictors on Polish national road network
PublikacjaAlthough decreased from 2001 to 2013, Poland’s road deaths improved at a slower rate than the rest of the EU, leaving Poland as one of the worst road safety performing countries in the EU. The national road network in Poland, despite the dynamic transformation and development, still does not conform to the EU safety standards. Similar situation exists in other EU countries, particularly those in Central and Eastern Europe. Safety...
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Road safety information system in Poland - supporting tools and their development
PublikacjaAs a signatory to the UN Declaration on road safety and member of the EU, Poland has an obligation to comply with relevant EU policies and in particular to halve the overall number of road deaths by 2020. To monitor the progress in reaching the targets, the road safety situation must be evaluated and its processes understood. For this purpose regional and national road safety observatories were launched in Poland, which triggered...
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The contribution of tire/road noise to the overal noise of cars and motocycles
PublikacjaOmówiono wływ hałasu opon i hałasu jednostki napędowej na całkowity hałas generowany przez pojazd. Zaprezentowano opracowany w Katedrze pojazdów i Maszyn Roboczych PG program VENOM do symulacji halasu pojazdów w ruchu drogowym. Przy pomocy tego programu określono wpływ zmiennych warunków ruchu drogowego na hałas generowany przez pojazd. Uwzględnioino przyspieszanie na poszczególnych biegach, hamowanie z różnymi prędkościami oraz...
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Temperature influence on tire/road noise evaluated by the drum method
PublikacjaAmbient air and road surface temperatures substantially affect the road vehicle noise emission. The temperature influence on tire/road noise depends mainly on tire-road combination. It is different for dense and porous pavements, for bituminous and cement ones. It differs also depending on tires. The correction procedures for temperature effect are still under consideration and preparation. Laboratory experiment was prepared to...
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Machine learning applied to acoustic-based road traffic monitoring
PublikacjaThe motivation behind this study lies in adapting acoustic noise monitoring systems for road traffic monitoring for driver’s safety. Such a system should recognize a vehicle type and weather-related pavement conditions based on the audio level measurement. The study presents the effectiveness of the selected machine learning algorithms in acoustic-based road traffic monitoring. Bases of the operation of the acoustic road traffic...
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Application of the LifeRoSE method in funcionality evaluation of road safety equipment
PublikacjaThe article presents a mathematical model of the life cycle estimation method of road safety equipment. Then the model was adjusted to estimate the life cycle costs of the chosen horizontal road marking. Using the LCC method, the functionality of the horizontal marking was evaluated in terms of efficiency, durability and economic effectiveness. The article also presents the impact of selected factors on the life cycle costs of...
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Social networks as a context for small business? A new look at an enterprise in the context of a smallness and newness liability syndrome
PublikacjaIn this paper we aim to propose and outline key ingredients to a small enterprise success, emerging from the social capital of small business owner-managers and their business networks. We employ resource based view of an organization as well as an embeddedness perspective along with new approach transaction costs to outline the pillars of an advantage of a small business entity. The analysis of survey data leads us to conclusion,...
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Generalized regression neural network and fitness dependent optimization: Application to energy harvesting of centralized TEG systems
PublikacjaThe thermoelectric generator (TEG) system has attracted extensive attention because of its applications in centralized solar heat utilization and recoverable heat energy. The operating efficiency of the TEG system is highly affected by operating conditions. In a series-parallel structure, due to diverse temperature differences, the TEG modules show non-linear performance. Due to the non-uniform temperature distribution (NUTD) condition,...
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Comparative study on the effectiveness of various types of road traffic intensity detectors
PublikacjaVehicle detection and speed measurements are crucial tasks in traffic monitoring systems. In this work, we focus on several types of electronic sensors, operating on different physical principles in order to compare their effectiveness in real traffic conditions. Commercial solutions are based on road tubes, microwave sensors, LiDARs, and video cameras. Distributed traffic monitoring systems require a high number of monitoring...
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Road safety analysis in Poland using time-series modelling techniques
PublikacjaA number of international studies argue that there is a correlation between the number of traffic fatalities and the degree of public activity. The studies use the unemployment rate to support that argument. As unemployment grows miles travelled fall, a factor known to affect road safety. This relationship seems to be true for Poland, as well. The model presented in the paper is intended to prove it. It is a structural time-series local...
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TIRE/ROAD NOISE AND TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE ON PROTOTYPE PERS SURFACE
PublikacjaPoroelastic road surfaces are characterized by low noise of tires running on them.Road pavements of this type are promising solution to problems related to traffic noise in cities and on rural roads. Some technical problems still have to be solved, in particular regarding durability and skid resistance on wet surface. Ongoing and planned works are to contribute to create a quiet, durable and safe road surface, which will become...
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Development of tools for road infrastructure safety management for the provinces (voivodeships) in Poland
PublikacjaThe development of modern tools for road infrastructure safety management will help to reduce the number of fatalities and serious injuries as one of the main objectives adopted in 2013 in the National Road Safety Programme 2014-2020 and the new Road Safety Programme 2011-2020 in the EU. Risk Management in Highway Engineering can be applied in developing tools essential in the process of safety management. Risk Management in Highway...
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Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction
PublikacjaThe paper presents the proposition of special assessment of lowtemperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed....