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Search results for: FLAME RETARDANT POLYMER
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Size-exclusion chromatography for the determination of the boiling point distribution of high-boiling petroleum fractions
PublicationThe paper describes a new procedure for the determination of boiling point distribution of high-boiling petroleum fractions using size exclusion chromatography with refractive index detector. Thus far, the determination of boiling range distribution by chromatography has been accomplished using simulated distillation with gas chromatography with the flame ionization detection. This study revealed that in spite of substantial differences...
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Understanding the early-stage release of volatile organic compounds from rapeseed oil during deep-frying of tubers by targeted and omics-inspired approaches using PTR-MS and gas chromatography
PublicationDuring deep-frying, a plethora of volatile products is emitted with the fumes. These compounds could act as oil quality indicators and change the indoor air composition leading to health risks for occupants. The presented experiments focus on deep-frying of different tubers in rapeseed oil at different frying temperatures. Here, two scenarios for real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using proton transfer reaction...
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Kinetics of photoinducet birefringence in the guest-host system of poly(methyl methacrylate)doped with azobenzene-containing crown ethers
PublicationWykazano występowanie fotoindukowanej dwójłomności dla klasy fotoaktywnych eterów koronowych składających się z reszty azobenzenu i giętkiego fragmentu oligo(oksyetylenowego) o różnej długości. Kinetyka fotoindukowanej dwójłomności była badana dla serii tych eterów koronowych rozpuszczonych w matrycy z polimetakrylanu metylu. Oczekiwano, że kształt cząsteczek koron zapewni względną swobodę reorientacji podczas izomeracji, niezależnie...
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Solid-phase microextraction and ion chromatographic analysis of anions based on polypyrrole electrode
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Starch‐graft copolymers of N‐vinylformamide and acrylamide modified with montmorillonite manufactured by reactive extrusion
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Model studies on then-alkane emulsions stability
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Time Dependent Influence of Rotating Magnetic Field on Bacterial Cellulose
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Polystyrene/polybutadiene blends: An analysis of the phase-inversion region and cophase continuity and a comparison with theoretical predictions
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Polystyrene/polybutadiene blends: An analysis of the phase-inversion region and cophase continuity and a comparison with theoretical predictions
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Design and fabrication of flexible poly(vinyl chloride) dielectric composite reinforced with ZnO microvaristors
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Effect of ionic liquids on the structural, thermal, andin vitrodegradation properties of poly(ε-caprolactone) synthesized in the presence ofCandida antarcticalipase B
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Porous carbon nanosheet with high surface area derived from waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) for supercapacitor applications
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Poly(vinyl alcohol)/GO-MMT nanocomposites: Preparation, structure and properties
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Sustainable polylysine conversion to nitrogen‐containing porous carbon flakes: Potential application in supercapacitors
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Structure and properties of polyamides-epoxidized elastomers blends
PublicationBadano mieszaniny poliamidów alifatycznych (PA6, PA 66, PA 12) zawierające do 15% wag. epoksydowanego elastomeru (statystycznego kopolimeru butadien - styren lub liniowego kopolimeru blokowego styren - butadien - styren). Stwierdzono, że właściwości mechaniczne badanych układów znacząco zależą od czasu mieszania. Oddziaływania w mieszaninach badano poprzez zmiany temepratury zeszklenia. Najbardziej korzystne, ze względu na polepszenie...
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Polystyrene/polybutadiene blends: an analysis of the phase inversion regionand cophase continuity and a comparison with theoretical predictions.
PublicationMieszaniny przygotowano przez mieszanie w stopie. Występowanie jednego lubobu polimerów w postaci fazy ciągłej stwierdzano przez badanie morfologii przy pomocy skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego i przez rozpuszczanie jednego ze składników mieszaniny. Badania morfologii mieszanin wykazały, że polistyren występował w postaci globul przy jego zawartości do 30%. Przy zawartości od 40% do 60% obserwowano fazy ciągłe obu...
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Crystallization kinetics study of dynamically vulcanized PA6/NBR/HNTs nanocomposites by nonisothermal differential scanning calorimetry
PublicationInvestigation of crystallization behavior and kinetics of thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites was the subject of limited works because of complexities associated with semiexperimental modeling of such phenomenon in a system containing components having completely different behavior in the molten state. Nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of dynamically vulcanized PA6/NBR/HNTs thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites was mathematically...
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Thermal decomposition kinetics of dynamically vulcanized polyamide 6-acrylonitrile butadiene rubber-halloysite nanotube nanocomposites
PublicationThermally stable thermoplastic elastomer nanocomposites based on polyamide 6 (PA6), acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were dynamically vulcanized, and their nonisothermal decomposition kinetics were examined. The Friedman, Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS), Ozawa–Wall–Flynn (FWO), and modified Coats–Redfern (m‐CR) isoconversional models were used to obtain information about the kinetics of the thermal...
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Eco-Friendly Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials from Flexible Reduced Graphene Oxide Filled Polycaprolactone/Polyaniline Nanocomposites
PublicationHybrid nanocomposites have the unique ability of enhancing material properties due to the existing synergistic effect of the fillers. In this study, the authors report such an eco-friendly hybrid nanocomposite comprising of polyaniline and reduced graphene oxide in polycaprolactone. The conducting polyaniline improved the processability of polycaprolactone, and the final composites were prepared by incorporating graphene oxide...
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Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Microporous Polyurethanes Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide
PublicationMicroporous polyurethanes (MPU) were modified by adding 0.25%–1.25 wt% of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The materials were prepared without solvent via in situ polymerization. From a technological point of view, it is very important to obtain functional materials by using reacting compounds only. The thermal characteristics of obtained MPU were investigated using TGA, DSC, and DMA techniques. In comparison to nonmodified microporous...
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The structure of novel polyurethanes containing synthetic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate]
PublicationThe aim of this study was to estimate the structure of new polyurethanes with the potential to be used in medicine. Atactic poly[(R,S)-3-hydroxybutyrate], obtained via a ring-opening polymerization, and polycaprolactonediol or polyoxytetramethylenediol were used to built the soft segments. 4,4'-methylene dicyclohexyl diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol were the components to form hard segments. Polyurethanes with low-molecular weight...
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Rigid polyurethane foams modified with selected layered silicate nanofillers
PublicationThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three different nanofillers on the properties of rigid polyurethane foams, which were prepared by a one-step, laboratory-scale method from a two-component system at the ratio of NCO groups to OH groups equaled to 2. The reaction mixture consisted of the proper amounts of the commercial oligoether polyol, catalysts, water, nanoclays, and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate....
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Reinforcing and plasticizing effects of reclaimed rubber on the vulcanization and properties of natural rubber
PublicationThe production of high-added value reclaimed rubber (RR) is of great signifi-cance for the sustainability of rubber industries. To green recycle waste rub-bers and broaden the application of RR, a RR material with potentialreinforcing and plasticizing effects on nature rubber (NR) composites are pre-pared by a thermo-oxidative reclamation process. The reclamation degree ofRR is controlled by adjusting the content of soybean oil....
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Preparation of Well-Compatibilized PP/PC Blends and Foams Thereof
PublicationThe performance of polypropylene-poly(ethylene brassylate) block and graft copolymers and a polypropylene-polycaprolactone graft copolymer as compatibilizers for polypropylene-rich polypropylene/bisphenol A polycarbonate (PP/PC, 80/20 wt/wt) blends was elucidated. The copolymers were synthesized either by metal-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization or transesterification of a presynthesized polyester, initiated by hydroxyl-functionalized...
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Super tough interpenetrating polymeric network of styrene butadiene rubber‐poly (methyl methacrylate) incorporated with general purpose carbon black ( N660 )
PublicationA classic set of polymeric interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) microcomposites has been fabricated using an elastomer—styrene butadiene rubber [SBR], a thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate)-PMMA and with carbon black (CB)-N660 as a filler and reinforcing agent. This synthesized IPN composite can be promisingly employed as a toughened plastic and vibrational damper in a wide service range with excellent thermal stability,...
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Unprecedented Adhesive Performance of Propylene-Based Hydroxyl Functionalized Terpolymers
PublicationThe synthesis of hydroxyl functionalized propylene-based terpolymers and their performance as hot melt adhesives were investigated. The products comprise uniformly distributed butyl and 4-hydroxyl-butyl branches along the polypropylene backbone. Despite the low hydroxyl-functionality level of ≤ 0.5 mol%, hydroxyl functionalized terpolymers show formidable adhesion to aluminum and steel providing an adhesive strength exceeding 16...
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Bio‐polyols synthesized by liquefaction of cellulose: Influence of liquefaction solvent molecular weight
PublicationCurrently, the plastics industry including polyurethanes is based on the use of petrochemicals. For this reason, scientists are looking for new types of renewable resources for the substitution of petrochemical substances. This work aims to evaluate the effect of polyethylene glycols (PEG) with different molecular mass impact on properties of bio-based polyols synthesized via biomass liquefaction of cellulose. To date, research...
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Self-Organization of Graft Copolymers and Retortable iPP-Based Nanoporous Films Thereof
PublicationPolyolefins might become inexpensive alternatives to the existing membranes based on polyethersulfone. Here we disclose the production of retortable, well-defined PP-based nanoporous membranes derived from amphiphilic graft copolymer precursors. The graft copolymers, containing a polypropylene backbone and polyester grafts, were obtained by grafting lactones, specifically δ-valerolactone and ε-caprolactone, from well-defined randomly...
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Dynamic mechanical properties and flexing fatigue resistance of tire sidewall rubber as function of waste tire rubber reclaiming degree
PublicationA stepwise downsizing method of gel particles in reclaimed rubber to a micro-nano scale and its excellent dynamic performance in tire sidewall were introduced by this work. The results showed that the size of gel particles decreased from several micrometers to micro-nanometers with the increase of reclaiming degree, accompanied by reduced molecular weight and widened molecular weight distribution of sol fraction. The addition of...
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Cure kinetics of epoxy/MWCNTs nanocomposites: Nonisothermal calorimetric and rheokinetic techniques
PublicationNonisothermal calorimetric and isothermal rheokinetic analyses were used to study cure kinetics of epoxy/anhydride systems containing very low concentration of pristine and amine-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Isoconversional methods were applied in calorimetric modeling of cure kinetics. Eα vs. α dependency and autocatalytic nature of curing were identified for both types of nanocomposites by isoconversional...
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Effect of Polymerization Statistics on the Electronic Properties of Copolymers for Organic Photovoltaics
PublicationStatistical block copolymers, composed of donor (D) and acceptor (A) blocks, are a novel type of material for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) devices. In particular a new series of polymers based on PBTZT-stat-BDTT-8, recently developed by Merck, offers high solubility in different solvents, and a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in different device architectures. Although it is known that the electronic properties of these...
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Starch-clay nanocomposite films
PublicationStarch is a natural polymer which, due to its renewability, biodegrability, availability and a relatively low cost, has a high potential for applications in biodegradable materials. However, because of its hydrophilic nature, the number of commercially available starch-based products is still limited. Recently, starch-based nanocomposites with the addition of clay minerals as nanofillers have given rise to large-scale improvements...
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Processing and structure–property relationships of natural rubber/wheat bran biocomposites
PublicationIn this work, wheat bran was used as cellulosic filler in biocomposites based on natural rubber. The impact of wheat bran content [ranging from 10 to 50 parts per hundred rubber (phr)] on processing, structure, dynamic mechanical properties, thermal properties, physico-mechanical properties and morphology of resulting biocomposites was investigated. For better characterization of interfacial interactions between natural rubber...
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Silicon Oxycarbide (SiOC) Ceramic Materials as Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
PublicationPolymer derived ceramics (PDCs) have attracted attention as alternative anode material for Li-ion batteries. It has been found that ternary SiOC and SiCN ceramics obtained through pyrolysis of various preceramic polymers display high reversible capacities of 500 – 650 mAh/g. In this work we try to correlate the electrochemical performance of polymer derived silicon oxycarbide with its chemical composition and microstructural features....
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Towards sustainable catalyst-free biomass-based polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC): From valorization and liquefaction to future generation of biocomposites
PublicationA substantial aspect of materials engineering lies in the responsible process of designing polymer-based materials. Due to environmental pollution, excessive consumption of natural resources, and increasing environmental awareness of society, there is a massive need for polyurethane (PU) materials with reduced environmental impact. To date, research on catalyst-free polyurethane-wood composites (PU-WC) has demonstrated a huge potential...
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A critical review on electrospun membranes containing 2D materials for seawater desalination
PublicationElectrospun nanofibers are a cutting-edge class of membranes which have been applied in several molecular separations. These membranes can be well designed and tailored due to the versatility of the electrospinning process. Eminently, electrospun membranes, once implemented in membrane processes, are an alternative in removing salts and some other minerals from water, so-called desalination, for producing drinking water. Such membranes...
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Reactions of cobalt(ii) chloride and cobalt(ii) acetate with hemisalen-type ligands: ligand transformation, oxidation of cobalt and complex formation. Preliminary study on the cytotoxicity of Co(ii) and Co(iii) hemisalen complexes
PublicationSeveral molecular cobalt(II) complexes, one Co(II) coordination polymer, and one ionic cobalt(III) complex with imine hemisalen ligands were synthesized. The hemisalen ligands were synthesized from o-vanillin (oVP) and diverse aminopyridines (compounds HL1–HL4) or aminophenol (compound HL5). It was observed that cobalt(II) chloride in dry acetonitrile catalyzes a transformation of HL1 and HL3 instead of complex formation. The conversion...
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Microcrystalline Cellulose Management in the Production of Poly(ether-urethane)s- Structure, Morphology, and Thermal Characteristic
PublicationIn response to the demand of polymer industry for reducing the use of synthetic chemicals, eco-friendly materials are investigated. In the presented study, bio-based poly(ether-urethane)s were prepared by using microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and polyether polyol and 1,3-propanediol derived from corn sugar. A step towards sustainability was taken by incorporating bio-based compounds and cellulose, consequently, bio-waste are utilized...
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Cyclodextrin polymers as efficient adsorbents for removing toxic non-biodegradable pimavanserin from pharmaceutical wastewaters
PublicationPresence of even small amount of active pharmaceutical ingredients in the environment carries risks tohuman and animal health, presenting an important issue. The paper presents issues related to the newdrug - pimavanserin (PMV). Biological treatment efficiency of pimavanserin (PMV) was evaluated usinglab-scale Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). It has been shown to have a negative effect on aquatic or-ganisms by classifying it as...
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Electrochemically Induced Synthesis of Triphenylamine-based Polyhydrazones
PublicationTriphenylamine-based hydrazones were subjected to electropolymerization process that gave well conductive hydrazone based polymers. The first example of polyhydrazone formation during the electrochemical process was shown. The estimation of polymer structure was demonstrated using IR spectroelectrochemistry. The EPR spectroelectrochemistry allowed to explain why in some cases dimer couldn’t be formed. The results of electrochemical,...
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Bacterial nanocellulose as a microbiological derived nanomaterial
PublicationBacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a nanofibrilar polymer produced by strains such as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, one of the best bacterial species which given the highest efficiency in cellulose production. Bacterial cellulose is a biomaterial having unique properties such as: chemical purity, good mechanical strength, high flexibility, high absorbency, possibility of forming any shape and size and many others. Such a large number...
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Head-Space SPME for the Analysis of Organophosphorus Insecticides by Novel Silica IL-Based Fibers in Real Samples
PublicationThis work demonstrates the suitability of a newly developed ionic liquid (IL)-based silica SPME fiber for the determination of seven organophosphorus insecticides in cucumber and grapefruit samples by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (FID). The sol-gel method released four different sorbent coatings, which were obtained based on a silica matrix containing ILs immobilized...
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Identification of novel psychoactive substances 25B-NBOMe and 4-CMC in biological material using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS and their quantification in blood using UPLC–MS/MS in case of severe intoxications
PublicationThis paper describes cases of poisoning caused by new psychoactive substances such as: 25BNBOMe (2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-methoxyphenyl)methyl]ethanamine) and 4-CMC (1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)-1-propanone). The analytical procedure includes rapid and selective method for the extraction and determination of 4-CMC and 25B-NBOMe in blood samples using UPLC–MS/MS technique. To the best of our knowledge,this is...
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House dust as a source of analytical information on concentration of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) - first approach
PublicationPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are best recognized as flame retardants, were in 2001, by virtue of Stockholm Convention, listed in a group of Persistent Organic Compounds (POPs). Increasing concentration levels of PBDEs, reported in human tissues (e.g., blood, serum, breast milk, etc.) haverecently caught worldwide concern due to their potential tendency to disrupt thyroid hormones, neurobehavioral deficits and endocrine...
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The estimation of total volatile organic compounds emissions generated from peroxide cured natural rubber/polycaprolactone blends
PublicationNatural rubber (NR)/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends at the ratio of 90/10% wt. (NR/PCL90/10) and 70/30% wt. (NR/PCL70/30), with a constant amount of dicumyl peroxide, were prepared by compounding in an internal mixer. Obtained NR/PCL bio-based blends were cured at three different temperatures (150 °C, 160 °C and 170 °C). The total content of volatile organic compounds (TVOC) as a function of the NR/PCL blends ratio, and their curing...
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Ionogel sorbent coatings for determining organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides in water and fresh juice samples by headspace-solid phase microextraction
PublicationThe sol–gel method yielded three different ionogel sorbent coatings that were obtained based on a silica material containing ionic liquids (ILs) immobilized in its pores. Two ILs, triethylsulfonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide [Set3][TFSI] and 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [C4C1Pip][TFSI], as well as their equimolar mixture [Set3/C4C1Pip], were used to obtain ionogel fibers. The developed...
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Direct human contact with siloxanes (silicones): safety or risk. Part 1: characteristics of siloxanes (silicones
PublicationSiloxanes are commonly known as silicones. They belong to the organosiliconcompounds and are exclusively obtained by synthesis. Their chemical structuredetermines a range of physicochemical properties which were recognized as unique.Due to the susceptibility to chemical modifications, ability to create short, long orcomplex polymer particles, siloxanes found an application in many areas of human life.
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The porosity and morphology of PU foams prepared by solvent casting/salt leaching method with different solvents
PublicationIn this study, the polyurethane (PU) system based on poly(ethylene-butylene) adipate diol, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-butanediol and ascorbic acid is used to prepare a foamed material. Polymer foams were created using solvent casting/salt-particle leaching (SC/PL) method. The influence of the PU concentration in different solutions [either in a DMF or in DMF with THF as a co-solvent] on the morphology and porosity of the...
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Modal analysis of temporary steel grandstand equipped with different bracing systems
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to present the results of numerical analysis focused on temporary steel scaffolding grandstand. The investigation has been devoted to modal analysis where modes of free vibrations and corresponding natural frequencies have been estimated and compared. The structure was equipped with different types of stiffener members. One on them is a typical tubular stiffener, while the second one is spe-cially designed...
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Synergistic effect of multi walled carbon nanotubes and reduced graphene oxides in natural rubber for sensing application
PublicationUtilizing the electrical properties of polymer nanocomposites is an important strategy to develop high performance solvent sensors. Here we report the synergistic effect of multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) in regulating the sensitivity of the naturally occurring elastomer, natural rubber (NR). Composites were fabricated by dispersing CNTs alone and together with exfoliated RGO sheets (thermally...