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Search results for: NUCLEAR SHIP POWER PLANT
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Static Model of Steam/Water Cycle for Thermal and Economic Analysis
PublicationThe thermodynamic efficiency of typical conventional and nuclear power plants is insufficient. A large amount of the generated heat is removed to the environment and regarded as a waste. A solution which is commonly used to increase the efficiency and profitability of the existing and planned power plants refers to cogeneration of heat and power. To prepare sophisticated thermodynamic and economic analyses, a precise static model...
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Influence of operation of national experimental nuclear reactor on the natural environment
PublicationThis paper presents the impact of experimental nuclear reactor operations on the national environment, based on assessment reports of the radiological protection of active nuclear technology sources. Using the analysis of measurements carried out in the last 15 years, the trends are presented in selected elements of the environment on the Świerk Nuclear Centre site and its surroundings. In addition, the impact of research results...
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Event-Triggered Communication in Cooperative, Adaptive Model Predictive Control of a Nuclear Power Plant’s Turbo–Generator Set
PublicationThis paper discusses the issue of optimizing the communication between the components of a cooperating control system formed by a pair of MPC controllers of a nuclear power plant turbine set using online recursive least squares identification. It is proposed to use event-triggered communication, i.e., sending information only at selected time instants, as opposed to the standard approach where communication is triggered by time...
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The Matter of Decision-Making Control Over Operation Processes of Marine Power Plant Systems with the Use of their Models in the form of Semi-Markov Decision-Making Processes
PublicationThe article presents the possibility to control the real operation process of an arbitrary device installed in the marine power plant based on the four-state semi-Markov process, being the model of the process, which describes the transition process of operational states of the device and the transition process of its technical states. All these states are precisely defined for the ship main engine (SG). A hypothesis is proposed...
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Redundancja jako sposób zwiększenia niezawodności siłowni okrętowych
PublicationJednym z istotnych sposobów zapewnienia wysokiego poziomu niezawodności siłowni okrętowych jest zaprojektowanie redundancji jego elementów strukturalnych, np.: nadmiarowości strukturalnej systemów generowania energii, układów napędowych itp. W niniejszym artykule omówiono zagadnienia związane z nadmiarem, jako sposobem zwiększenia niezawodności systemów generowania energii i napędu statku. W szczególności zaś zostały zaprezentowane...
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Direct-contact condensation from vapour- gas mixture in a spray ejector condenser for negative CO2 power plant
PublicationDirect-contact condensation of vapour containing the inert gas on a spray of subcooled liquid exists in a number of technical applications. For example, it may be found in the nuclear industry (e.g. pressurized jet under normal operating conditions, in safety analyses) or in the chemical industry (e.g. mixing-type heat exchanger, degasser, sea water desalting). The problem is also essential to modelling and analysis of some...
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Possibility to use engine compression ignition engines in floating power plants marine
PublicationCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. The engines can be used in power industry for electricity generation in a simple or combined steam turbine system in combined heat and power plants. The leading engine in such an arrangement is an internal-combustion piston engine. The main propulsion engines are used in large piston internal-combustion engines...
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Wieloobszarowa rozmyta regulacja PID mocy reaktora jądrowego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wieloobszarowy regulator rozmyty z lokalnymi regulatorami PID dla sterowania mocą reaktora jądrowego typu PWR. Wykorzystano model matematyczny o parametrach skupionych reaktora PWR obejmujący procesy generacji i wymiany ciepła oraz efektów reaktywnościowych. Nastawy lokalnych regulatorów PID zostały dobrane w sposób optymalny, minimalizując całkowy wskaźnik jakości ISE. Na przykładzie pokazano że zastosowane...
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Two-phase optimizing approach to design assessments of long distance heat transportation for CHP systems
PublicationCogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for power plants is a method of putting to use waste heat which would be otherwise released to the environment. This allows the increase in thermodynamic efficiency of the plant and can be a source of environmental friendly heat for District Heating (DH). In the paper CHP for Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is analyzed with the focus on heat transportation. A method for effectivity and feasibility...
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BADANIE EFEKTYWNOŚCI WYKRYWANIA ANOMALII PROCESOWYCH W DZIAŁANIU TURBINY PAROWEJ ELEKTROWNI JĄDROWEJ PRZY POMOCY METOD WIELOWYMIAROWEJ ANALIZY STATYSTYCZNEJ
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono analizę możliwości wykrywania anomalii procesowych w działaniu turbiny parowej elektrowni jądrowej przy pomocy metod wielowymiarowej analizy statystycznej. Zasymulowano symptomy dwóch rodzajów uszkodzeń turbiny parowej tj. uderzenie wodne oraz, wyciek pary z zaworu części niskoprężnej. Jako narzędzie diagnostyczne wykorzystano Metodę Składników Podstawowych PCA (z ang. Principal Component Analysis). Jako...
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Recurrent Neural Network Based Adaptive Variable-Order Fractional PID Controller for Small Modular Reactor Thermal Power Control
PublicationThis paper presents the synthesis of an adaptive PID type controller in which the variable-order fractional operators are used. Due to the implementation difficulties of fractional order operators, both with a fixed and variable order, on digital control platforms caused by the requirement of infinite memory resources, the fractional operators that are part of the discussed controller were approximated by recurrent neural networks...
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ANALIZA MOŻLIWOŚCI ZASTOSOWANIA STEROWANIA PREDYKCYJNEGO TURBINĄ PAROWĄ ELEKTROWNI JĄDROWEJ
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia wyniki wstępnej analizy możliwości zastosowania sterowania predykcyjnego MPC turbiną parową elektrowni jądrowej. Tradycyjnie przyjmuje się, że turbina pracuje w jednym punkcie pracy odpowiadającym jej mocy nominalnej, co pozwala na stosowanie klasycznych regulatorów PID. Synteza sterowania dla warunków zmiennego punktu pracy wymaga uwzględnienia nieliniowego charakteru procesów turbiny oraz możliwości naruszania...
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On reliability assessment of ship machinery system in different autonomy degree; A Bayesian-based approach
PublicationAnalyzing the reliability of autonomous ships has recently attracted attention mainly due to epistemic uncertainty (lack of knowledge) integrated with automatic operations in the maritime sector. The advent of new random failures with unrecognized failure patterns in autonomous ship operations requires a comprehensive reliability assessment specifically aiming at estimating the time in which the ship can be trusted to be left unattended....
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“Shadow” vs. “Phase 3D” method within endoscopic examinations of marine engines
PublicationA visual investigation of surfaces creating internal, working spaces of marine combustion engines by means of specialized view-finders so called endoscopes is at present almost a basic method of technical diag-nostics. The surface structure of constructional material is visible during investigations like through the magnifying glass (usually with a precisely determined magnification), which makes possible a detection, recognition...
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Web-based real-time simulation system
PublicationThe paper presents the development of a simulation system composed of a real-time plant simulator with real-time controller included in the software-in-the-loop structure using web-based communication. The client-server architecture build in a TCP/IP network environment was introduced, where the server is a computing unit for real-time high temporal resolution plant simulation (and optionally also as controllers' platform) and...
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Start-up of a power unit of a thermal power plant auxiliary systems with supply from a hydropower plant
PublicationThis article discusses the issues related to a power unit of a thermal power plant start-up with the use of a hydropower plant. Hydropower plant can supply and will enable start-up of auxiliary equipment in a power unit of a thermal power plant. Due to high capacity of auxiliary drives, start-up of auxiliaries in a thermal power plant after blackout (and boiler shutdown) is not possible from emergency energy sources in the power...
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Experimental ORC micro-power plant for CHP application Part A: power plant arrangement
PublicationThe co-generative micro-power plant with the HFE7100 applied as a working medium was designed and built for experimental investigations. The heat output of the plant was assumed equal to 20 kW, while the electric output amounted to about 3kW. Examples of the results of the preliminary experimental research on a boiler, heat exchangers, a pump and a turbine-generator set are presented and analysed.
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Chemical Characteristics and Thermal Oxidative Stability of Novel Cold-Pressed Oil Blends: GC, LF NMR, and DSC Studies
PublicationPlant oils contain a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Studies of food products have revealed a considerable disproportion in the ratio of ω6 to ω3. This article presents information on the healthful qualities of eight new oil blends that contain a beneficial proportion of ω6 to ω3 fatty acids (5:1), as well as their degradation during heating at 170 and 200 °C. The fatty acid profile was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC),...
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A multistage turbine for a micro power plant
PublicationThis paper presents results of a design analysis of a multi-stage turbine for the cogeneration micro-power plant working in accordance with Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). The heat power of the plant is assumed equal to 20 kW and the corresponding available electric output is estimated to be of about 3 kW. Different variants of the radial and axial-flow turbines have been considered, while the detailed results of the calculations...
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INFLUENCE OF DREDGER POWER PLANT TYPE AND DREDGER SIZE ON OUTPUT OF POWER PLANT INSTALLED ON TRAILING SUCTION HOPPER DREDGER
PublicationThis paper presents results of investigations dealing with influence of parameters characterizing size of suction hopper dredger as well as type of power system on magnitude of total output of combustion engines installed in dredger power plant.
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Methodology for implementing power plant efficiency standards for power generation: potential emission reduction
PublicationSome methods of generating power such as power generation through coal, natural gas, oil result in inevitable emissions of greenhouse gases. While power generation is necessary due to its increasing demand, it is important for power companies to generate their power in an efcient manner to reduce its efect on the environment. One of the most efective ways of tackling inefciency issues is through the implementation of efciency standard....
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Hydro Power Plant in the Process of Voltage Control in the Electric Power System and the System Restoration
PublicationThe article covers selected issues related to the share of hydroelectric power in the process of rebuilding the power system after black-out and voltage control during that process. Selected results of measurements made during the creation of the transmission chain for the need to start a block of a thermal power plant from a hydroelectric power plant were presented.
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APPLICATION OF REDUNDANCY IN SHIP POWER PLANTS OF OFFSHORE VESSEL
PublicationPower and propulsion systems of offshore units must be of a very high level of reliability. The loss of ability to perform functions of their components causes generally to very high economic losses, which may be increased by unused the weather window resulting to postponing the planned offshore operations. To ensure carrying out so expensive offshore operations in the most reliable way, various types of redundancies are built-in...
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Solutions of Power Electronics Converter for the Shore - to - Ship Power Systems
PublicationW artykule poruszono tematykę zasilania statków zacumowanych w porcie z lądowej sieci elektroenergetycznej poprzez wykorzystanie nowoczesnych konstrukcji przekształtników energoelektronicznych. Zaproponowano budowę sieci dystrybucyjnej prądu stałego, przewoźnej platformy zasilającej oraz zastosowanie zasobników energii
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Security Assessment of a Turbo-Gas Power Plant
PublicationCritical infrastructures are exposed to new threats due to the large number of vulnerabilities and architectural weaknesses introduced by the extensive use of information and communication technologies. This paper presents the results of an exhaustive security assessment for a turbo-gas power plant.
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Optimization of Nuclear Power Share in the Structure of Electricity Production in Poland in Time Perspective by 2060
PublicationThe author of this paper presented the results of a system analysis using MARKAL model, aiming at the optimization of nuclear power share in power generation structure in Poland in time perspective by 2060. Optimization criterion is the minimization of the objective function, i.e. the total cost of energy system, taking into account constraints related to CO2, SOx and NOx emissions and obligatory shares of electricity from renewable...
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Increase of power and efficiency of the 900 MW supercritical power plant through incorporation of the ORC
PublicationThe objective of the paper is to analyse thermodynamical and operational parameters of the supercritical power plant with reference conditions as well as following the introduction of the hybrid system incorporating ORC. In ORC the upper heat source is a stream of hot water from the system of heat recovery having temperature of 90 °C, which is additionally aided by heat from the bleeds of the steam turbine. Thermodynamical analysis...
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Solutions of inverter systems in Shore-to-Ship Power supply systems
PublicationThe article presents a clearly formulated need for installing S2SP (Shore to Ship Power) systems, in particular Medium Voltage (MV) systems, along with certain solutions of modern inverter systems used in those systems. Requirements and basic configurations of S2SP systems are discussed, focusing in particular on capabilities of the S2SP system with DC distribution busbar. Moreover, on the background of the executing assumptions...
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Defence in depth conception in nuclear power plants and requirements for instrumentation and control systems
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some issues of the safety systems’ design for nuclear power plants equipped with the light water reactors using a defence in depth (D-in-D) conception. Because the functional safety solutions play nowadays an important role for the risk control, the basic requirements for the instrumentation and control systems are specified with regard to relevant international standards. For...
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Performance analyses of helical coil heat exchangers. The effect of external coil surface modification on heat exchanger effectiveness
PublicationThe shell and coil heat exchangers are commonly used in heating, ventilation, nuclear industry, process plant, heat recovery and air conditioning systems. This type of recuperators benefits from simple construction, the low value of pressure drops and high heat transfer. In helical coil,centrifugal force is acting on the moving fluid due to the curvature of thetube results in the development. It has been long recognized that the...
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Technical and Economic Analysis of an Intermediate Size Photovoltaic Power Plant. Case Study
PublicationThe article presents an analysis of the construction of a photovoltaic power plant with an installed capacity of about 30 kW. The principles of selecting the basic elements of the plant are shown. The impact of a high constant price on the profitability of the project is highlighted. The article also describes the existing mechanisms for subsidizing the investment.
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Changes in Epigenetic Patterns Related to DNA Replication in Vicia faba Root Meristem Cells under Cadmium-Induced Stress Conditions
PublicationExperiments on Vicia faba root meristem cells exposed to 150 µM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were undertaken to analyse epigenetic changes, mainly with respect to DNA replication stress. Histone modifications examined by means of immunofluorescence labeling included: (1) acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 56 (H3K56Ac), involved in transcription, S phase, and response to DNA damage during DNA biosynthesis; (2) dimethylation of histone...
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The Toolbox of Methods for Multidirectional Characterization of Dietary Nucleic Acids; Verification for Raw and Processed Food Products
PublicationCurrently, the nutritional value of food is associated mainly with components such as proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. However, another important macromolecules present in many foods are dietary nucleic acids (dietNA), i.e., DNA as well as both coding and non-coding RNAs. In the context of food chemistry and nutrition, dietNA are nowadays vastly neglected. In consequence, there are no dedicated methodologies to characterize...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublicationThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Design analysis of combined gas-vapour micro power plant with 30 kW air turbine
PublicationThe article presents basic results of the design analysis of a combined gas-vapour micro power plant with a waste-heat boiler without exhaust reheat, working in the vapour section in the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system. The analysis concerned working media most frequently used in those types of power plants and planned to be used in future. The object of the analysis was a micro power plant with a 30 kW gas (air) turbine for...
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Operation of the 900 MW power plant with the ORC supplied from three heat sources
PublicationThe chapter is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the reference supercritical power plant in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C, recovered from the exhaust gases in the amount of 200MW. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. Therefore an original approach to increase...
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On the production of electricity in Poland using a geothermal binary power plant - A thermodynamic overview - Part I
PublicationPoland has a significant potential of geothermal energy. However, the high-temperature sources that are needed to drive power plants are found in relatively few places. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to consider any location in the northern part of Poland as a possible place to build a binary power plant. A scientific research was confirmed the existence of an elevated temperature gradient in this region. The hot rocks...
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Organotin Compounds: Environmental Fate and Analytics
PublicationFor more than 50 years, organotin compounds have been used in almost all sectors of industry. As a consequence, specific environmental compartments are affected by the emission of these xenobiotics. The emissions of organotin compounds into the environment from paints used in the shipbuilding industry for ship hull coating, and from the plant protection products are particularly significant.In 2001, the IMO introduced a global...
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Negative carbon dioxide gas power plant integrated with gasification of sewage sludge
PublicationOne of the primary objectives of the negative carbon dioxide gas power plant (nCO2PP) is to develop an innovative technology confirming the possibility of the use of sewage sludge to produce electricity while having a positive impact on the environment. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to estimate thermodynamic parameters of the system in relation to the gasification process and changes in such parameters in the...
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A novel concept of negative CO2 emission power plant for utilization of sewage sludge
PublicationCarbon Capture and Storage (CSS) technology is considered an important “bridge technology”, allowing effective abatement of CO2 emissions for power units using fossil fuels. However, if biomass is used in a power plant, equipped with CCS system, negative CO2 emissions can be achieved. In practice, wide development of such technologies would enable not only reduction of CO2 emissions, but also reversal of the harm done so far. In...
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Development of a spray-ejector condenser for the use in a negative CO2 emission gas power plant
PublicationOne promising solution for developing low-emission power technologies is using gaseous fuel combustion in pure oxygen when the exhaust gas mixture is composed of H2O and CO2, and where CO2 is separated after steam condensation. The paper presents the results of computational analyses providing to the Spray-Ejector Condenser (SEC) development, which is one of the crucial components of the negative CO2 gas power plant (nCO2PP) cycle...
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Manufacturing and Recycling Impact on Environmental Life Cycle Assessment of Innovative Wind Power Plant Part 2/2
PublicationThe process of conversion of wind kinetic energy into electricity in innovative wind power plant emits practically no harmful substances into the environment. However, the production stage of its components requires a lot of energy and materials. The biggest problem during production plan-ning process of an innovative wind power plant is selection of materials and technologies and, consequently, the waste generated at this stage....
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A study of a compact high-efficiency zero-emission power plant with oxy-fuel combustion
PublicationThis paper discusses the application of global trends in gas cycles technology using oxy-fuel combustion. This is followed by a demonstration of a design solution for a new cycle with two enhanced energy-converting devices, namely a wet combustion chamber and a spray-ejector condenser. The proposed gas and steam cycle unit is contained within a single turbine, whose benefits combine those offered by gas turbines (high inlet temperatures)...
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USEFULNESS OF SEMI-MARKOV PROCESSES AS MODELS OF THE OPERATION PROCESSES FOR MARINE MAIN ENGINES AND OTHER MACHINES OF SHIP POWER PLANTS
PublicationThe paper describes the properties of semi-Markov processes and the opportunities and benefits from their use as models of the operation processes for marine combustion engines and other machines of ship power plants. The emphasis is put on the importance of the theory of semi-Markov processes for development of the theory of marine combustion engines and other machines of ship power plants, as well as for development of the operational...
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ANALYSIS OF THE LOAD-CARRYING CAPACITY OF A HYDRODYNAMIC WATER-LUBRICATED BEARING IN A HYDROELECTRIC POwER PLANT
PublicationThe paper presents an analysis of the load-carrying capacity of a historic hydrodynamic water-lubricated radial bearing of an unconventional segment design installed in the Braniewo Hydroelectric Power Plant. The aim of the calculations was to determine whether the bearing operates in the conditions of hydrodynamic or mixed lubrication, as well as to establish the optimal geometry of the axial grooves allowing for the highest load-carrying...
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Pumped-storage power plant Żarnowiec.
PublicationPrzedstawiono historię budowy, główne zadania i parametry techniczne elektrowni szczytowo-pompowej w Żarnowcu
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Hydraulic power plant on the Radunia River
Publicationprzedstawiono rys historyczny, paramerty techniczne i walory turystyczne elektorwni wodnych.
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Monitoring Regenerative Heat Exchanger in Steam Power Plant by Making Use of the Recurrent Neural Network
PublicationArtificial Intelligence algorithms are being increasingly used in industrial applications. Their important function is to support operation of diagnostic systems. This paper pesents a new approach to the monitoring of a regenerative heat exchanger in a steam power plant, which is based on a specific use of the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). The proposed approach was tested using real data. This approach can be easily adapted to...
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Utilisation of waste heat from the power plant by use of the ORC aided with bleed steam and extra source of heat
PublicationUtilization of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gases of the power generation unit by means of ORC (organic Rankine cycles) installation is considered. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water having temperature of 90 stC in the amount of 200 MWt. To increase evaporation temperaturę of ORC working fluid the heat of steam from the extraction points from the low-pressure part of steam turbine is used....
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Different design aspects of an Organic Rankine Cycle turbine for electricity production using a geothermal binary power plant
PublicationIn recent years, pressure has been growing to increase the share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation, which may offer opportunities for the development of geothermal energy in regions that have been so far considered unprofitable in this respect. One such country currently undergoing an energy transition is Poland in which low-temperature geothermal resources are currently used for district heating and recreation...