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Search results for: COLLISION
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Investigating the effects of structural pounding on the seismic performance of adjacent RC and steel MRFs
PublicationAn insufficient separation distance between adjacent buildings is the main reason for structural pounding during severe earthquakes. The lateral load resistance system, fundamental natural period, mass, and stiffness are important factors having the influence on collisions between two adjacent structures. In this study, 3-, 5- and 9-story adjacent reinforced concrete and steel Moment Resisting Frames (MRFs) were considered to investigate...
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Neural Networks, Support Vector Machine and Genetic Algorithms for Autonomous Underwater Robot Support
PublicationIn this paper, artificial neural networks, a classification technique called support vector machine and meta-heuristics genetic algorithm have been considered for development in autonomous underwater robots. Artificial neural networks have been used for seabed modelling as well as support vector machine has been applied for the obstacles classification to avoid some collision problems. Moreover, genetic algorithm has been applied...
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Electron Scattering on X(CH3)4 Molecules: Applicability of Simple Additivity Rule and Role of Methylation
PublicationTo investigate influence of target methylation (substitution of a hydrogen atom by methyl group) on electron-collision processes we compare absolute total cross sections for XH4 and X(CH3)4 molecules, where X is Si and Ge, respectively. We also compare experimental TCSs energy dependencies with estimated data obtained using simple formula and TCSs for methyl group and those for SiH4 and GeH4. Electron-scattering TCSs for mentioned...
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Distributed Evolutionary Algorithm for Path Planning in Navigation Situation
PublicationThis article presents the use of a multi-population distributed evolutionary algorithm for path planning in navigation situation. The algorithm used is with partially exchanged population and migration between independently evolving populations. In this paper a comparison between a multi-population and a classic single-population algorithm takes place. The impact on the ultimate solution has been researched. It was shown that using...
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On the influence of the acceleration recording time on the calculation of impact severity indexes
PublicationThe paper concerns with the analysis of normative requirements pertaining to experimental setup of a crash test and its numerical modelling. An overview of parameters describing the collision of a vehicle with a road restraining system is presented. A short description of a concrete road safety barrier is presented. A brief description of numerical modelling procedures for crash tests is given as well. The parametric influence...
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Cross section calculations for electron scattering from platinum chemotherapeutic compounds
PublicationCross section for electron impact ionization of carboplatin, C6H12N2O4Pt, and oxaliplatin, C8H14N2O4Pt, have been calculated within binary-encounter-Bethe model for energies from the ionization threshold up to 5000 eV. Cross section for elastic electron scattering from carboplatin and oxaliplatin molecules have also been derived using independent atom method (IAM) and additivity rule for collision energies ranging from 50 eV to...
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Ship Evolutionary Trajectory Planning Method with Application of Polynomial Interpolation
PublicationPaper presents the application of evolutionary algorithms and polynomial interpolation in ship evolutionary trajectory planning method. Evolutionary algorithms allows to find a coIlision free trajectory in real time, while polynomial interpolation allows to model smooth trajectory which keeps continuity of velocity and acceleration values along path. Combination of this two methods allows to find trajectory, which under some assumptions,...
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Numerical Study of the Impinging Jets Formed by an Injector with Different Nozzle Diameters
PublicationThe collision of two or more liquid jets may provide considerable atomisation and efficient mixing of injected substances at the same time. This phenomenon is used, among others, in rocket engines, where the fuel and oxidiser are introduced separately and almost immediately mixed through self-impingement. Depending on the injection and operating conditions, diverse configurations of impinging jets are used, such as doublets,...
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REVIEW OF WEATHER FORECAST SERVICES FOR SHIP ROUTING PURPOSES
PublicationWeather data is nowadays used in a variety of navigational and ocean engineering research problems: from the obvious ones like voyage planning and routing of sea-going vessels, through the analysis of stability-related phenomena, to detailed modelling of ships’ manoeuvrability for collision avoidance purposes. Apart from that, weather forecasts are essential for passenger cruises and fishing vessels that want to avoid the risk...
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Koncepcja systemu wspomagania decyzji nawigatora statku opartego na ewolucyjnym planowaniu manewrów antykolizyjnych
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia koncepcję systemu wspomagania decyzji nawigatora statku opartego na wątkach badań prowadzonych wcześniej przez autora. System będzie rozszerzał funkcjonalność systemów dotychczasowych o możliwość szczegółowego planowania bezpiecznej trajektorii statku na wodach zamkniętych, z dużą liczbą statków obcych i ograniczeniami toru wodnego. Artykuł zawiera dyskusję możliwych podejść do planowania manewrów, optymalizacji...
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Impact of Initial Population on Evolutionary Path Planning Algorithm
PublicationIn this paper an impact of initial population on evolutionary path planning algorithm is presented. Tested algorithm is used to determine close to optimal shippaths in collision avoidance situation. For this purpose a path planning problem is defined. A specific structure of the individual path and fitness function is presented. For the simulation purposes a close to real tested environment is created. Four tests are performed....
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The Niching Mechanism in the Evolutionary Method of Path Planning
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of the niching mechanism in the evolutionary method of path planning. The problem is considered based on the example of a ship path planning. In this method the diversity of individuals is tested in respect to their physical distance, not the fitness function value. The researches show that such an approach increases effectiveness of solution space exploration, what results in a final solution with...
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Finite element method simulations of various cases of crash tests with N2/W4/A steel road barrier
PublicationThe subject of this study is performance of N2/W4/A steel road safety barrier investigated in numerical simulations. System was checked under several types of initial conditions, which were assumed basing on the TB11 and TB32 normative crash tests. The main goal of present study is to investigate the relationship between initial conditions (angle and velocity) of the impact and the severity indices (associated to the vehicle occupant) during...
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Formation of OH Radicals as Evidence of Intramolecular Hydrogen Migration in Cation-Induced Dissociation of Furan Molecules
PublicationWe present the experimental results on a hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the furan molecules induced by the H3+ and C+ impact. The excited OH(A2Σ+) radical has been detected among the furan decomposition products using collision-induced emission spectroscopy. However, the OH moiety is absent in the furan ring skeleton, so detecting the OH(A2Σ+→X2Π) luminescence indicates the intramolecular H atom relocation prior...
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Vibrational excitation of acetylene by positron impact
PublicationVibrationally inelastic quantum calculations are carried out at low collision energies for the scattering of a beam of positrons off acetylene gaseous molecules. The normal mode analysis is assumed to be valid and the relative fluxes into the C–C and C–H symmetric vibrational modes are computed within a Body-Fixed (BF) formulation of the dynamics by solving the relevant vibrational Coupled Channels (VCC) equations. The clear dominance...
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Numerical simulation of the influence of the selected factors on the performance of a concrete road barrier H2/W5/B
PublicationThis paper discuss the influence of selected factors on the performance of a concrete road barrier H2/W5/B. Modelling techniques of a concrete road safety system were briefly discussed. Comparison to the full scale crash test results has been shown. The concrete road safety barrier has been investigated for evaluation of the overall damage after collision under various initial conditions. The failure assessment criterion has been...
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Evolutionary Sets of Safe Ship Trajectories: problem dedicated operators
PublicationThe paper presents the optimization process of the evolutionary sets of safe ship trajectories method, with a focus on its problem-dedicated operators. The method utilizes a customized evolutionary algorithm to solve a constrained optimization problem. This problem is defined as finding a set of cooperating trajectories (a set is an evolutionary individual) of all the ships involved in the encounter situation. The resulting trajectories...
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Impact of Initial Population on Evolutionary Path Planning Algorithm
PublicationIn this paper an impact of initial population on evolutionary path planning algorithm is presented. Tested algorithm is used to determine close to optimal ship paths in collision avoidance situation. For this purpose a path planning problem is defined. A specific structure of the individual path and fitness function is presented. For the simulation purposes a close to real tested environment is created. Four tests are performed....
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Automation of ship and control
PublicationSummaryThe article presents the problem of automation of ship and control. This paper will discuss the basic tasks of the track ship control, collision avoidance and automatic dynamic positioning. The following subjects will be presented: the general structure of the ship's control, methods and control algorithms for the above mentioned tasks..StreszczenieArtykuł przedstawia zagadnienia automatyzacji i sterowania statkiem. W pracy...
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Low-energy positron scattering from gas-phase tetrahydrofuran: A quantum treatment of the dynamics and a comparison with experiments
PublicationIn this paper we report new quantum calculations of the dynamics for low-energy positrons interacting with gaseous molecules of tetrahydrofuran. The new quantum scattering cross sections are differential and integral cross sections at collision energies between 1.0 and 25.0 eV and include a careful treatment of the additional effects on the scattering process brought about by the permanent dipole moment of the target molecule....
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PHOTON LUMINESCENCE STUDIES OF TETRAHYDROFURAN FOLLOWING TRIHYDROGEN CATIONS IMPACT IN THE 20–1000 EV ENERGY RANGE
PublicationPhoton emission arising during tetrahydrofuran (C4H8O, THF) fragmentation initiated by H3 + ion impact has been studied experimentally. Luminescence fragmentation spectra and the relative emission cross-sections of the excited fragments have been measured using collision-induced emission spectroscopy in the 20–1000 eV energy range. The main features in the spectra are the H Balmer series lines, whose intensities decrease with increasing...
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Electron attachment to hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO)
PublicationWe probe the electron attachment in hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO), C3F6O, a gas widely used in plasma technologies. We determine the absolute electron attachment cross section using two completely different experimental approaches: (i) a crossed-beam experiment at single collision conditions (local pressures of 5 × 10−4 mbar) and (ii) a pulsed Townsend experiment at pressures of 20–100 mbar. In the latter method, the cross sections...
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Evolutionary sets of safe ship trajectories with speed reduction manoeuvres within traffic separation schemes
PublicationIn the previous paper the author presented the evolutionary ship trajectory planning method designed to support Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS). This time the extensions of this method are described which allow to combine evolutionary trajectory planning with speed reduction manoeuvres. On TSS regions with higher than usual density of traffic and smaller distances between ships, the course alterations alone are not always sufficient...
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Review of ship safety domains: Models and applications
PublicationShip safety domain is a term which is widely used in research on collision avoidance and traffic engineering among others. Classic ship domains have been compared in multiple reports. However, up till now there has been no work summing up contemporary research in this field. The paper offers a systematic and critical review of the newer ship domain models and related research. It discusses multiple differences in approach to ship...
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Determination of the dynamic critical maneuvering area in an encounter between two vessels: Operation with negligible environmental disruption
PublicationThis paper introduces the concept of Collision Avoidance Dynamic Critical Area (CADCA) for onboard Decision Support Systems (DSS). The indicator proposed is derived via identification of a minimum required maneuvering zone in an encounter between two vessels. The CADCA model accounts for ship maneuvering dynamics and associated hydrodynamic actions emerging from different rudder angles and forward speed effects. The method presented...
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Termination functions for evolutionary path planning algorithm
PublicationIn this paper a study of termination functions (stop criterion) for evolutionary path planning algorithm is presented. Tested algorithm is used to determine close to optimal ship paths in collision avoidance situation. For this purpose a path planning problem is defined. A specific structure of the individual path and fitness function is presented. For the simulation purposes a close to real tested environment is created. Five...
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Trajectory planning for Service Ship during emergency STS transfer operation
PublicationIn this paper trajectory for approaching during emergency STS transfer operation with oil spill is considered as a sequence of navigation manoeuvres in specific navigational environment. The designed way points - ship positions and speed are determined as reference values to support navigator in decision making during steering and to mitigate the risk of collision which mostly results from exceeding the speed limit of approaching....
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Navigational decision support system during approach manoeuvre in emergency STS transfer operation
PublicationThe paper is concerned with the problem of safe trajectory planning for approaching during emergency STS (Ship to Ship) transfer operation with oil spill. The safe trajectory means that the way points does not cross in the area of the environment with the static and dynamic obstacles and at the same time satisfies ship's stopping and speed deceleration performance. The evolutionary path planning algorithm is used to determine trajectory...
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Parallel implementation of a Sailing Assistance Application in a Cloud Environment
PublicationSailboat weather routing is a highly complex problem in terms of both the computational time and memory. The reason for this is a large search resulting in a multitude of possible routes and a variety of user preferences. Analysing all possible routes is only feasible for small sailing regions, low-resolution maps, or sailboat movements on a grid. Therefore, various heuristic approaches are often applied, which can find solutions...
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On the use of leading safety indicators in maritime and their feasibility for Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships
PublicationAlthough the safety of prospective Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships will largely depend on their ability to detect potential hazards and react to them, the contemporary scientific literature lacks the analysis of how to achieve this. This could be achieved through an application of leading safety indicators. The aim of the performed study was to identify the research directions of leading safety indicators in three safety-critical...
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Triplet–Triplet Annihilation Upconverting Liposomes: Mechanistic Insights into the Role of Membranes in Two-Dimensional TTA-UC
PublicationTriplet−triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA-UC) implemented in nanoparticle assemblies is of emerging interest in biomedical applications, including in drug delivery and imaging. As it is a bimolecular process, ensuring sufficient mobility of the sensitizer and annihilator to facilitate effective collision in the nanoparticle is key. Liposomes can provide the benefits of two-dimensional confinement and condensed concentration...
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Modulo N Backoff Scheme for effective QoS differentiation and increased bandwidth utilization in IEEE 802.11 networks
PublicationThe paper presents a new "modulo N" channel access scheme for wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs). The novel solution derives from the Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) of the IEEE 802.11 standard, further elaborated as Enhanced Distribution Channel Access (EDCA) by the 802.11e draft specification. The main innovation concerns improvement of the binary exponential backoff scheme used for collision avoidance in 802.11 networks....
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MARSTRUCT benchmark study on nonlinear FE simulation of an experiment of an indenter impact with a ship side-shell structure
PublicationThis paper presents a benchmark study on collision simulations that was initiated by the MARSTRUCT Virtual Institute. The objective was to compare assumptions, finite element models, modelling techniques and experiences between established researchers within the field. Fifteen research groups world-wide participated in the study. An experiment involving a rigid indenter penetrating a ship-like side structure was used as the case...
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Refined theoretical study of radiative association: Cross sections and rate constants for the formation of SiN
PublicationRadiative association of silicon mononitride (SiN) in its two lowest molecular electronic states is studied through quantum and classical dynamics. Special attention is paid to the behavior of the cross section at high collision energies. A modified expression for the semiclassical cross section is presented which excludes transitions to continuum states. This gives improved agreement with quantum mechanical perturbation theory...
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Linear viscoelastic modelling of damage-involved structural pounding during earthquakes
PublicationDamage-involved structural pounding during earthquakes has been recently intensively studied using different impact force models. The results of the previous studies indicate that the linear viscoelastic model is relatively simple yet accurate in modelling pounding-involved behaviour of structures during earthquakes. The only shortcoming of the model is a negative value of the pounding force occurring just before separation, which...
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How to provide fair service for V2I communications in VANETs?
PublicationIn this paper, we focus on fairness issues of Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communications. In particular, we show that under a common technique of selection of RSUs by OBUs based on the received signal strength, a vast variability of a number of OBUs connected to RSUs can be observed leading to inefficient/unfair service provided by RSUs. To overcome this problem, we propose an algorithm for RSU selection called RSEL to obtain...
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Development of a Control System for an Autonomous Seaplane
PublicationSelf-driving vehicles, also branded as driverless vehicles, autonomous vehicles, or robotic vehicles, are transport systems that can operate with a reduced human impact or even with any human input at all. The content of the present paper is limited to three types of potential applications: Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs), Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). We set our particular focus on...
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Four Degree-of-Freedom Hydrodynamic Maneuvering Model of a Small Azipod-Actuated Ship With Application to Onboard Decision Support Systems
PublicationThe main contribution of this paper is a numerical ship motion model of NTNU’s research vessel Gunnerus, capturing the surge, sway, roll, and yaw dynamics when sailing in uniform and steady currents. The model utilizes a crossflow drag formulation for the transverse viscous loads, and it includes a nonlinear formulation for the propulsion and steering loads provided by two azipod thrusters. A wide range of experimental data obtained...
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Turning maneuver as a potential cause of the next stability failure mode for a ship in operation
PublicationThe only formal stability-related requirement referring to a turning maneuver of a ship results from the IS Codeand its application is limited to passenger ships only. The goal of the adopted criterion is to prevent an excessiveangle of heel in turn. Likewise, the remaining prescriptive criteria, this one is simply based on the concept ofa threshold that must not be exceeded. In this case, the angle of heel...
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Observation of the Hydrogen Migration in the Cation-Induced Fragmentation of the Pyridine Molecules
PublicationThe ability to selectively control chemical reactions related to biology, combustion, and catalysis has recently attracted much attention. In particular, the hydrogen atom relocation may be used to manipulate bond-breaking and new bond-forming processes and may hold promise for far-reaching applications. Thus, the hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the gas-phase pyridine molecules by the H+, H2+, He+, He2+, and...
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Numerical study on pounding between two adjacent buildings under earthquake excitation
PublicationSeismic excitation, which results in large horizontal relative displacements, may cause collisions between two adjacent structures due to insufficient separation distance between them. Such collisions, known as earthquake-induced structural pounding, may induce severe damages. In this paper, the case of pounding between two adjacent buildings is studied by the application of single degree-of-freedom structural models. Impact is...
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The impact of shipping 4.0 on controlling shipping accidents: A systematic literature review
PublicationMaritime shipping, with a significant role in global trade, confronts various accidents leading to loss of lives, properties, and the environment. Shipping 4.0 technologies are scaling up to address this problem by employing real-time data-driven technologies, including cyber-physical systems, advanced tracking and tracing, intelligent systems, and big data analytics. Despite growing attention, there is a general lack of clarity...
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Seismic probabilistic assessment of steel and reinforced concrete structures including earthquake-induced pounding
PublicationRecent earthquakes demonstrate that prioritizing the retrofitting of buildings should be of the utmost importance for enhancing the seismic resilience and structural integrity of urban structures. To have a realistic results of the pounding effects in modeling process of retrofitting buildings, the present research provides seismic Probability Factors (PFs), which can be used for estimating collision effects without engaging in...
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Analiza pokrycia powierzchni terenu przez działanie robota mobilnego w otoczeniu przeszkód ruchomych
PublicationW artykule została opisana metodyka rozwiązania problemu całkowitego pokrycia nieznanej powierzchni przez autonomicznego robota mobilnego podczas jednoczesnego unikania kolizji z przeszkodami ruchomymi. Przedstawiono sformułowanie oraz dokonano szczegółowej analizy obu problemów, ze zwróceniem szczególnej uwagi na występujące ograniczenia. Zaprezentowano behawioralne podejście do sterowania robotem mobilnym wzorowane na reakcjach...
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A multiparameter simulation-driven analysis of ship turning trajectory concerning a required number of irregular wave realizations
PublicationIn times of progressive automation of the marine industry, accurate modeling of ship maneuvers is of utmost importance to all parties involved in maritime transportation. Despite the existence of modern collisionavoidance algorithms using 6DOF motion models to predict ship trajectories in waves, the impact of stochastic realization of irregular waves is usually neglected and remains under-investigated. Therefore, herein, this phenomenon...
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Technical Limitations in Merging Secular and Sacred Functions in Monumental Churches
PublicationThe abandonment of churches and their adaptation for secular purposes is a current subject in Europe and worldwide. Most cases involve objects that were desacralized and then rebuilt as a whole object for alternative functions. Thus far, the merging of secular and sacred functions in one monumental Catholic church has not raised any issues. The paper describes the case of St. Catherine’s Church in Gdansk, Poland, where sacred function...
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A Novel Approach of Using Selected Unconventional Geodesic Methods of Estimation on VTS Areas
PublicationThe Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) systems belong to the fundamental tools used in ensuring a high level of safety across sea basins with heavy traffic, where the presence of navigational hazards poses a great risk of collision or a ship running aground. In order to determine the mutual location of ships, VTS systems obtain information from different facilities, such as coastal radar stations, AIS, and vision systems. Fixing a ship’s...
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Damage-Involved Structural Pounding in Bridges under Seismic Excitation
PublicationDuring severe earthquakes, pounding between adjacent superstructure segments of highway elevated bridges was often observed. It is usually caused by the seismic wave propagation effect and may lead to significant damage. The aim of the present paper is to show the results of the numerical analysis focused on damage-involved pounding between neighbouring decks of an elevated bridge under seismic excitation. The analysis was carried...
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Modified linear viscoelastic model of earthquake-induced structural pounding
PublicationIn recent times, earthquake-induced structural pounding has been intensively studied through the use of different impact force models. The numerical results obtained from the previous studies indicate that the linear viscoelastic model is relatively simple and accurate in modeling pounding-involved behavior of structures during earthquakes. The only shortcoming of the model is a negative value of the pounding force occurring just...
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Joint experimental and theoretical study on electron scattering from titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) molecule
PublicationAbsolute grand-total cross section for electron scattering from titanium tetrachloride, TiCl4, molecule was measured at electron-impact energies ranging from 0.3 to 300 eV, in the linear electron-transmission experiment. The elastic integral, differential, momentum transfer, and total ionization cross sections for TiCl4 molecule were also calculated for low and intermediate collisional energies at the level of various theories. The...