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total: 828
filtered: 723
Search results for: COMPLEMENTARY RESONATOR, CALIBRATION, DIELECTRIC CHARACTERIZATION, HIGH SENSITIVITY, MICROWAVE SENSOR
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Time-Gating method with automatic calibration for accurate measurements of electrically small antenna radiation patterns in Non-Anechoic environments
PublicationNon-anechoic sites represent a cheap alternative to measurements of antennas in dedicated facilities. However, due to a high noise—from the external EM signal sources and multipath interferences—the quality of radiation patterns obtained in non-anechoic conditions is poor. The characteristics can be corrected using a time-gating method (TGM), which involves filtering of the noise based on temporal analysis of the measured signals....
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RSS-Based DoA Estimation for ESPAR Antennas Using Support Vector Machine
PublicationIn this letter, it is shown how direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation for electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas, which are designed to be integrated within wireless sensor network nodes, can be improved by applying support vector classification approach to received signal strength (RSS) values recorded at an antenna's output port. The proposed method relies on ESPAR antenna's radiation patterns measured...
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Analysis of magnetic field of Helmholtz's coils
PublicationThe 3-axis fluxgate magnetometer requires conducting a precise calibration in the magnetic field whose value is determined and which is characterized by the high uniformity of the distribution of the field, especially along the axis of the sensors. The generation of the magnetostatic field characterized by the high uniformity, can be achieved by using the Helmholtz's coils. The requirements of the uniformity of distribution of...
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Microfluidically Frequency-Reconfigurable Self-Quadruplexing Antenna Based on Substrate Integrated Square-Cavity
PublicationIn this article, a novel concept of self-quadruplexing tunable antenna (SQTA) enabled by microfluidic channels is investigated. The operating channels are either filled with air or dielectric liquids to enable frequency tunability. The proposed SQTA is implemented on the substrate-integrated square-cavity (SISC). A swastika-shaped slot is milled on the top-surface of the SISC to create four quarter-mode resonators. The resonators...
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An adaptive approach to non-destructive evaluation (NDE) of cast irons containing precipitated graphite particles with the help of magnetoacoustic emission
PublicationPhysical properties of cast irons strongly depend on both their microstructure and the presence of casting defects. The paper analyses the possibility of application of magnetoacoustic emission (MAE) for nondestructive detection of flawed cast iron components. The investigated samples containing dross, chunky graphite and lamellar graphite were compared with the reference, flawless, spheroidal cast iron sample. The optimisation...
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Influence of vacuum sublimation deposited metal layer thickness on metrological parameters of the amperometric gas sensor with Nafion membrane
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on an influence of vacuum sublimation deposited platinum layer thickness on the signal, sensitivity and response time of a prototype of sulphur dioxide sensor with Nafion membrane. The working electrode was made by vacuum sublimation deposition of platinum on a surface of Nafion membrane. Pt layers deposited changed an initial structure of Nafion membrane and that phenomenon was utilized...
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Determination of Odor Air Quality Index (OAQII) Using Gas Sensor Matrix
PublicationThis article presents a new way to determine odor nuisance based on the proposed odor air quality index (OAQII), using an instrumental method. This indicator relates the most important odor features, such as intensity, hedonic tone and odor concentration. The research was conducted at the compost screening yard of the municipal treatment plant in Central Poland, on which a self-constructed gas sensor array was placed. It consisted...
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A Surrogate-Assisted Measurement Correction Method for Accurate and Low-Cost Monitoring of Particulate Matter Pollutants
PublicationAir pollution involves multiple health and economic challenges. Its accurate and low-cost monitoring is important for developing services dedicated to reduce the exposure of living beings to the pollution. Particulate matter (PM) measurement sensors belong to the key components that support operation of these systems. In this work, a modular, mobile Internet of Things sensor for PM measurements has been proposed. Due to a limited...
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Combined Long-Period Fiber Grating and Microcavity In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Refractive Index Measurements with Limited Cross-Sensitivity
PublicationThis work discusses sensing properties of a long-period grating (LPG) and microcavity in-line Mach–Zehnder interferometer (µIMZI) when both are induced in the same single-mode optical fiber. LPGs were either etched or nanocoated with aluminum oxide (Al2O3) to increase its refractive index (RI) sensitivity up to ≈2000 and 9000 nm/RIU, respectively. The µIMZI was machined using a femtosecond laser as a cylindrical cavity (d = 60...
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Determination of flavanols by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Application to the characterization of cranberry-based pharmaceuticals through profiling and fingerprinting approaches
PublicationIn this work, a new method based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) was established for the determination of catechins and related oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PACs) in cranberry-based pharmaceuticals. Compounds were recovered by liquid extraction using methanol/water/hydrochloric acid (60:39:1, v:v:v) as the extraction solvent. The chromatographic separation was carried...
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Charge-based deep level transient spectroscopy of B-doped and undoped polycrystalline diamond films
PublicationThe undoped and B-doped polycrystalline diamond thin film was synthesized by hot filament chemical vapor deposition and microwave plasma, respectively. The structural characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The electrical properties of synthesized diamond layer were characterized by dc-conductivity method and charge deep level transient spectroscopy. The B-doped...
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Response of a New Low-Coherence Fabry-Perot Sensor to Hematocrit Levels in Human Blood
PublicationIn this paper, a low-coherence Fabry-Perot sensor with a spectrally measured signal processing response to the refractive index of liquids is presented. Optical fiber sensors are potentially capable of continuous measuring hematocrit levels in blood. Low-coherence Fabry-Perot interferometric sensors offer a robust solution, where information about the measurand is encoded in the full spectrum of light reflected from the sensing...
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Optical emission spectroscopy of plasma generated by a waveguide-supplied microwave plasma source operated at 915MHz
PublicationIn this paper we present the results of an optical emission spectroscopic study of an atmospheric pressure microwave (915 MHz) nitrogen and nitrogen with carbon dioxide (1%) plasma at high working gas flow rate. This study was aimed at determining rotational Trot and vibrational Tvib temperatures of N+2 ions and N2, CN molecules. The plasma was generated in a waveguide-supplied cavity-resonant type microwave plasma source. All...
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Recent advances in high-frequency modeling by means of domain confinement and nested kriging
PublicationDevelopment of modern high-frequency components and circuits is heavily based on full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools. Some phenomena, although important from the point of view of the system performance, e.g., EM cross-coupling effects, feed radiation in antenna arrays, substrate anisotropy, cannot be adequately accounted for using simpler means such as equivalent network representations. Consequently, the involvement...
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Inverse surrogate modeling for low-cost geometry scaling of microwave and antenna structures
PublicationPurpose–The purpose of this paper is to investigate strategies for expedited dimension scaling ofelectromagnetic (EM)-simulated microwave and antenna structures, exploiting the concept of variable-fidelity inverse surrogate modeling.Design/methodology/approach–A fast inverse surrogate modeling technique is described fordimension scaling of microwave and antenna structures. The model is established using referencedesigns obtained...
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Analysis of magnetic field of Hemholtz's coils and ferromagnetic objects
PublicationThe 3-axis fluxgate magnetometer requires conducting a precise calibration in the magnetic field whose value is determined and which is characterized by the high uniformity of the distribution of the field, especially along the axis of the sensors. The generation of the magnetostatic field characterized by the high uniformity, can be achieved by using the Helmholtz's coils. The requirements of the uniformity of distribution of...
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Determination of Odour Interactions of Three-Component Gas Mixtures Using an Electronic Nose
PublicationThe paper presents an application of an electronic nose prototype comprised of six TGS-type sensors and one PID-type sensor to identify odour interaction phenomena in odorous three-component mixtures. The investigation encompassed eight odorous mixtures—toluene-acetone-triethylamine and formaldehyde-butyric acid-pinene — characterized by different odour intensity and hedonic tone. A principal component regression (PCR) calibration...
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Accurate PPCC-Based DoA Estimation Using Multiple Calibration Planes for WSN Nodes Equipped with ESPAR Antennas
PublicationIn this paper, we have introduced a new direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation method, which relies on received signal strength (RSS) values measured at the output port of electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna and uses the power pattern cross-correlation (PPCC) estimator. In the method, we have successfully incorporated measurements of ESPAR antenna's radiation patterns performed at multiple calibration...
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The possibility of the application of a potentiometric sensor with all-solid-state electrodes for the quality control of different natural waters
PublicationThe quality of various natural waters was examined by a new potentiometric sensor with six all solid state electrodes containing an appropriate lipophilic compound in a polymer membrane. Physicochemical parameters such as conductivity and acidity of tested waters were also tested. All waters were neutral or slightly alkaline and contained different ions (e.g., Cl–) due to the place of their sampling (a coastal zone and a moraine...
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Enhanced visible light-activated gas sensing properties of nanoporous copper oxide thin films
PublicationMetal oxide gas sensors are popular chemoresistive sensors. They are used for numerous tasks, including environmental and safety monitoring. Some gas-sensing materials exhibit photo-induced properties that can be utilized for enhanced gas detection by modifying the sensor selectivity and sensitivity when illuminated by light. Here, we present the gas sensing characteristics of highly nanoporous Cu2O thin films towards both electrophilic...
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Reliable computationally-efficient behavioral modeling of microwave passives using deep learning surrogates in confined domains
PublicationThe importance of surrogate modeling techniques has been steadily growing over the recent years in high-frequency electronics, including microwave engineering. Fast metamodels are employed to speedup design processes, especially those conducted at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations. The surrogates enable massive system evaluations at nearly EM accuracy and negligible costs, which is invaluable in parameter...
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Comparative Study of Balancing SRT by Using Modified ASM2d in Control and Operation Strategy at Full-Scale WWTP
PublicationDetailed knowledge on the composition of the influent going into the wastewater treatment system is essential for the development of a reliable computer model. In the context of WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants), the wastewater characteristics are not only important for activated sludge system modelling, but also have an impact on the appropriate control of single unit operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concepts...
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Co-simulation strategy of transient CFD and heat transfer in building thermal envelope based on calibrated heat transfer coefficients
PublicationThe paper presents a strategy to develop a fully transient numerical model of a heat transfer in building, using a transient CFD model of indoor air and a thermal envelope model, running in a co-simulation. The strategy relies on the utilization of RANS with a high-Re turbulence model and a wall function, which enables to use a coarse computational mesh limiting the computational time. Since wall functions give invalid heat transfer...
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Optical investigations of electrochemical processes using a long-period fiber grating functionalized by indium tin oxide
Publicationhe growing needs for fast and reliable sensing devices stimulate development of new technological solutions. In this work a new multi-domain sensing method is demonstrated where optical sensing device has been applied to enhance amount of data received during electrochemical analysis. Thin, optically transparent, high-refractive-index, and electrically conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) film was deposited using magnetron sputtering...
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Study on Combined Optical and Electrochemical Analysis Using Indium-tin-oxide-coated Optical Fiber Sensor
PublicationThe growing needs for fast and reliable sensing devices stimulate development of new technological solutions. In this work a new multi-domain sensing method is demonstrated where optical sensing device has been applied to enhance amount of data received during electrochemical analysis. Thin, optically transparent, high-refractive-index, and electrically conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) film was deposited using magnetron sputtering...
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Electrical conductivity and relaxation processes in V2O5 nanorods prepared by sol–gel method
PublicationProperties of high purity V2O5 nanorods prepared by a sol – gel method are presented. The studied materials were characterized by: X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrical impedance was measured as a function of temperature and frequency. The obtained results show that the electrical conductivity increases with increasing temperature. The d.c. conductivity...
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A method to monitor urinary carbon dioxide in patients with septic shock
PublicationSevere sepsis and septic shock are life-threatening conditions with mortality rates exceeding 31% (Levy et al., 2012) [1]. Septicemia was the most expensive US hospital condition in 2011 (Torio and Andrews, 2006)[2]. Urinary carbon dioxide may provide rapid, clinically useful information about a patient’s status, empowering physicians to intervene earlier and improve septic shock mortality. The objective of this paper is to validate...
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CNN Architectures for Human Pose Estimation from a Very Low Resolution Depth Image
PublicationThe paper is dedicated to proposing and evaluating a number of convolutional neural network architectures for calculating a multiple regression on 3D coordinates of human body joints tracked in a single low resolution depth image. The main challenge was to obtain a high precision in case of a noisy and coarse scan of the body, as observed by a depth sensor from a large distance. The regression network was expected to reason about...
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Variable-fidelity response feature surrogates for accelerated statistical analysis and yield estimation of compact microwave components
PublicationAccounting for manufacturing tolerances is an essential part of a reliable microwave design process. Yet, quantification of geometry and/or material parameter uncertainties is challenging at the level of full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. This is due to inherently high cost of EM analysis and massive simulations necessary to conduct the statistical analysis. Here, a low-cost and accurate yield estimation procedure...
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Cost-Efficient Globalized Parameter Optimization of Microwave Components through Response-Feature Surrogates and Nature-Inspired Metaheuristics
PublicationDesign of contemporary microwave devices predominantly utilizes computational models, including both circuit simulators, and full-wave electromagnetic (EM) evaluation. The latter constitutes the sole generic way of rendering accurate assessment of the system outputs that considers phenomena such as cross-coupling or radiation and dielectric losses. Consequently, for reliability reasons, the final tuning of microwave device parameters...
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Measurements of the optical and thermal properties of the 2D black phosphorus coating
PublicationBlack phosphorus is a 2D material, which properties are still being discovered. In this paper, the sensitivity to the temperature of a few-layer black phosphorus coating deposited, on the surface of a microsphere-based fiber-optic sensor, by a dip-coating method is presented. The coating was investigated after 2, 3, and 5 deposition cycles and during temperature growth from 50 °C to 300 °C in an interferometric setup. The intensity...
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Sensitivity analysis of a composite footbridge
PublicationThis work include an example of sensitivity analysis for the design of a composite footbridge. A sandwich structure is used, consisting two high-strength skins separated by a core material. The analysis was conducted for two numerical models. The first one is a simple, single-span beam of a composite cross-section (laminate and foam), with different Young’s modulus for each material. Calculations were made by means of a MATLAB-based...
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Effect of dendrimer-based interlayers for enzyme immobilization on a model electrochemical sensing system for glutamate
PublicationIn this paper, we discuss dendrimer usage in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors, particularly with respect to biomolecule loading on the sensing surface. A novel approach to design bioactive layers with immobilized enzymes for electrochemical biosensors using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method in combination with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was presented. The gold surface was modified with linear linkers...
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The shallow sea experiment with usage of linear hydrophone array
PublicationPurpose of this article is to present designed and made linear hydrophone array and the results obtained during in situ trails on Gulf of Gdańsk. The measuring system allowed to localize hydrophones in the selected points and perform measurements in both the horizontal antenna positioning and vertical. Made in this way recordings allow creating accurate 3D imaging of sound intensity/propagation. During research three floating objects...
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Process control of air stream deodorization from vapors of VOCs using a gas sensor matrix conducted in the biotrickling filter (BTF)
PublicationThis article presents the validity, advisability and purposefulness of using a gas sensor matrix to monitor air deodorization processes carried out in a peat-perlite-polyurethane foam-packed biotrickling filter. The aim of the conducted research was to control the effectiveness of air stream purification from vapors of hydrophobic compounds, i.e., n-hexane and cyclohexane. The effectiveness of hydrophobic n-hexane and cyclohexane...
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Reduced-Cost Constrained Modeling of Microwave and Antenna Components: Recent Advances
PublicationElectromagnetic (EM) simulation models are ubiquitous in the design of microwave and antenna components. EM analysis is reliable but CPU intensive. In particular, multiple simulations entailed by parametric optimization or uncertainty quantification may considerably slow down the design processes. In order to address this problem, it is possible to employ fast metamodels. Here, the popular solution approaches are approximation...
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Propagation Characteristics of Partial Discharges in an Oil-Filled Power Transformer
PublicationPower transformers are among the most important assets in the power transmission and distribution grid. However, they suffer from degradation and possible faults causing major electrical and financial losses. Partial discharges (PDs) are used to identify the insulation health status and their degradation level. PDs are incipient, low-magnitude faults caused by localized dielectric breakdown. Those activities emit signals in many...
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Stochastic resonance in measurements
PublicationNoise is usually associated with the negative phenomenon, hampering the measurements data and their analysis. This view has been broken in the '80s when the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (Stochastic Resonance - SR) was discovered. It is a phenomenon that occurs in nonlinear dynamic measurement systems when the selected input noise can optimize system performance. SR became a way to improve efficiency of weak signals detection....
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Accurate Modeling of Frequency Selective Surfaces Using Fully-Connected Regression Model with Automated Architecture Determination and Parameter Selection Based on Bayesian Optimization
PublicationSurrogate modeling has become an important tool in the design of high-frequency structures. Although full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools provide an accurate account for the circuit characteristics and performance, they entail considerable computational expenditures. Replacing EM analysis by fast surrogates provides a way to accelerate the design procedures. Unfortunately, modeling of microwave passives is a challenging...
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Low temperature growth of diamond films on optical fibers using Linear Antenna CVD system
PublicationIt is not trivial to achieve a good quality diamond-coated fibre interface due to a large difference in the properties and composition of the diamond films (or use coating even) and the optical fibre material, i.e. fused silica. One of the biggest problems is the high temperature during the deposition which influences the optical fibre or optical fibre sensor structure (e.g. long-period gratings (LPG)). The greatest advantage of...
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A review of design approaches for the implementation of low-frequency noise measurement systems
PublicationElectronic noise has its roots in the fundamental physical interactions between matter and charged particles, carrying information about the phenomena that occur at the microscopic level. Therefore, Low-Frequency Noise Measurements (LFNM) are a well-established technique for the characterization of electron devices and materials and, compared to other techniques, they offer the advantage of being non-destructive and of providing...
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Iterative Global Sensitivity Analysis Algorithm with Neural Network Surrogate Modeling
PublicationGlobal sensitivity analysis (GSA) is a method to quantify the effect of the input parameters on outputs of physics-based systems. Performing GSA can be challenging due to the combined effect of the high computational cost of each individual physics-based model, a large number of input parameters, and the need to perform repetitive model evaluations. To reduce this cost, neural networks (NNs) are used to replace the expensive physics-based...
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Fast simulation-driven design optimization of UWB band-notch antennas
PublicationIn this letter, a simple yet reliable and automated methodology for rapid design optimization of ultra-wideband (UWB) band-notch antennas is presented. Our approach is a two-stage procedure with the first stage focused on the design of the antenna itself, and the secondstage aiming at identification of the appropriate dimensions of the resonator with the purpose of allocating the band-notch in the desired frequency range. For the...
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Induction motor control application in high-speed train electric drive
PublicationThe chapter presents an application of induction motor mechanical speed and load torque observers in high-speed train drives. The observers are applied for a 1.2-MW electric drive with an induction motor. The goal of using such observers is to utilize computed variables for diagnostic purposes of speed sensors and torque transmission system. The concept of diagnostic system is presented in this paper, and proper criteria are proposed....
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Optical fiber aptasensor for label-free bacteria detection in small volumes
PublicationHighly sensitive devices for fast bacteria detection are sought to be developed with the task of quantifying the worldwide problem of pathogenic bacteria and thus helping to take control over spreading bacterial infections. This work concerns a sensing solution based on microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (μIMZI) induced in an optical fiber. Such a device exhibits ultrahigh sensitivity to refractive index changes...
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Fabrication and Study of BiNbO4 Ceramics
PublicationAim of the present research was to fabricate and study crystalline structure as well as dielectric properties of BiNbO4 ceramics. In the present study BiNbO4 ceramics was fabricated by solid state reaction from the mixture of simple oxides viz. Bi2O3, and Nb2O5. Stoichiometric mixture of the powders was thermally analyzed so parameters of the thermal treatment were determined. The EDS measurements proved conservation of the chemical...
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Mikropompa elektrohydrodynamiczna na ciecz dielektryczną zasilana napięciem stałym
PublicationW niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano projekt i działanie miniaturowej pompy elektrohydrodynamicznej (EHD) zasilanej napięciem stałym przeznaczonej do chłodzenia elementów elektronicznych. Zmierzono natężenie przepływu cieczy oraz ciśnienie wytwarzane przez pracującą mikropompę. Maksymalne natężenie przepływu, 0,5 ml/min, uzyskano dla napięcia 12 kV. Zmierzone ciśnienie wyniosło 500 Pa przy przyłożonym napięciu 6 kV. Maksymalny...
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Highly linear CMOS triode transconductor for VHF applications
PublicationA high-speed, fully balanced complementary-symmetry metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) triode transconductor is presented. The proposed approach exploits a pseudo-differential-pair triode configuration with a simple adaptive circuit stabilising the drain-to-source voltages of metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) transistors. Since no additional active circuits (apart from the resistors made of the cut-off MOS devices) and no feedback...
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Electrical characterization of diamond/boron doped diamond nanostructures for use in harsh environment applications
PublicationThe polycrystalline boron doped diamond (BDD) shows stable electrical properties and high tolerance for harsh environments (e.g. high temperature or aggressive chemical compounds) comparing to other materials used in semiconductor devices. In this study authors have designed electronic devices fabricated from non-intentionally (NiD) films and highly boron doped diamond structures. Presented semiconductor devices consist of highly...
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Zarządzanie zaufaniem w bezprzewodowych sieciach czujników - studium przypadku
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono studium przypadku dotyczące zastosowania bezprzewodowej sieci czujników do wspomagania pacjenta z nadwagą w jego środowisku domowym. Przyjęto, że sieć wykorzystuje metodę rozproszonego zarządzania zaufaniem i pokazano, że metoda ta umożliwia wykrycie i izolację czujników realizujących działania sprzeczne z polityką sieci. Ilościowe oszacowanie czasu niezbędnego do wykrycia takich...