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Search results for: hybrid renewable energy system
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The Effect of Laser Re-Solidification on Microstructure and Photo-Electrochemical Properties of Fe-Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes
PublicationFossil fuels became increasingly unpleasant energy source due to their negative impact on the environment; thus, attractiveness of renewable, and especially solar energy, is growing worldwide. Among others, the research is focused on smart combination of simple compounds towards formation of the photoactive materials. Following that, our work concerns the optimized manipulation of laser light coupled with the iron sputtering to...
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Smart grid technologies in electric traction: Mini inverter station
PublicationThe growing number of trams and trolleybuses equipped with recuperation systems contribute to the increase in the amount of energy recovered during braking. It raises questions about the possibility of its usage. One of such possibilities is the use of smart grid technology. The paper presents a case study of the use of braking energy in the trolleybus system for external loads by implementing mini inverter stations. Analysis is...
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Different design aspects of an Organic Rankine Cycle turbine for electricity production using a geothermal binary power plant
PublicationIn recent years, pressure has been growing to increase the share of renewable energy sources in electricity generation, which may offer opportunities for the development of geothermal energy in regions that have been so far considered unprofitable in this respect. One such country currently undergoing an energy transition is Poland in which low-temperature geothermal resources are currently used for district heating and recreation...
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Sewage sludge pretreatment by low thermal disintegration for better efficacy of sludge digestion process
PublicationThe wastewater water treatment plant (WWTP) sector and it is developing technologies strive to be implement circular economy. The methane production from the sludge digestion process constitute promising source of the renewable energy for WWTP and approaching circular economy assumptions. For this reason, the objective of the study was to examine the modification of sludge characteristics due to the low temperature pretreatment....
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Two-Level Multivariable Control System of Dissolved Oxygen Tracking and Aeration System for Activated Sludge Processes
PublicationThe problem of tracking dissolved oxygen is one of the most complex and fundamental issues related to biological processes. The dissolved oxygen level in aerobic tanks has significant influence on behaviour and activity of microorganism inhabiting the plant. Aerated tanks are supplied with air from an aeration system (blowers, pipes, throttling valves, diffusers). It is a complex dynamic system governed by nonlinear hybrid dynamics....
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Losses and energy efficiency of drive motors and systems
PublicationLosses and energy efficiency of every drive motor must be presented as functions of physical quantities independent of losses in the motor. Such quantities are speed and load required by the machine or device driven by the motor, changing in the drive operating field. Speed and load of the motor decide of the instantaneous useful power of the motor and also in a differentiated way of kinds and values of losses occurring in the...
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Losses and energy efficiency of drive motors and systems
PublicationLosses and energy efficiency of every drive motor must be presented as functions of physical quantities independent of losses in the motor. Such quantities are speed and load required by the machine or device driven by the motor, changing in the drive operating field. Speed and load of the motor decide of the instantaneous useful power of the motor and also in a differentiated way of kinds and values of losses occurring in the...
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A DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS METHOD OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM MODELLING
PublicationThe paper describes a discrete-continuous method of dynamic system modelling. The presented approach is hybrid in its nature, as it combines the advantages of spatial discretization methods with those of continuous system modelling methods. In the proposed method, a three-dimensional system is discretised in two directions only, with the third direction remaining continuous. The thus obtained discrete-continuous model is described...
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Hybrid stepless distribution transformer with four-quadrant AC/DC/AC converter at low voltage side - simulation tests
PublicationThe article presents the work of the stepless hybrid distribution transformer (HT), as an alternative to the so far applied Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR) solutions, used to control the voltage in the power system in terms of the fundamental harmonic. The HT is a combination of a conventional distribution transformer and an AC/DC/AC converter connected in series with the transformers secondary winding. In the work the basic...
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Evolutionary algorithm and decisional DNA for multiple travelling salesman problem
PublicationIn the real world, it is common to face optimization problems that have two or more objectives that must be optimized at the same time, that are typically explained in different units, and are in conflict with one another. This paper presents a hybrid structure that combines set of experience knowledge structures (SOEKS) and evolutionary algorithms, NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II), to solve multiple optimization...
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Effectiveness of pollutants removal in hybrid constructed wetlands – different configurations case study
PublicationIn recent years, an increase in interest in hybrid constructed wetland systems (HCWs) has been observed. The aim of the paper is to compare different HCW configurations in terms of mass removal rates and efficiency of pollutants removal. Analysed data have been collected at multistage constructed wetlands in Poland, which are composed by at least two beds: horizontal subsurface flow (SSHF) and vertical subsurface flow (SSVF). The...
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Energy recovery effectiveness in trolleybus transport
PublicationNowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest whichis connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the pricesof fuel and electricity. One of the possibilities to reduce energy consumption in urban public transport isto increase the extent of regenerative braking energy utilization. This can be achieved by its accumulationin the supercapacitors...
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STUDY ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE TURBINE CONDENSER AIR EXTRACTION SYSTEM USING HYDRO EJECTORS
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to investigate the effectiveness of the 18K380 steam turbine condenser air extraction system using hydro ejectors. Motivation for the analysis is a need of improvement of the energy conversion ratio of the power plant. To achieve this goal it is necessary to establish efficiency of each subsystem of the energy cycle. The air extraction system is not a highly power consuming system but it has great impact...
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Method of identification of the slide tribological system top layer condition by assessment of the t-02 four-ball tester friction node operation
Publicationa method is proposed of the assessment of t-02 four-ball tester friction node operation during extreme unit loads on the tribological system for identification of the top layer condition in that system lubricated with the tested lubricating oil. by identification of the friction node with a thermodynamic system, that operation is treated as an energy generating process of the created servo-layer structure. the friction node operation...
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SIMPLIFIED DYNAMIC MODEL OF ROTATING BEAM
PublicationIn the paper a hybrid model of rotating beam is presented. It was obtained by using two methods: modal decomposition and spatial discretization. Reduced modal model was built for the system without the load related to inertia forces that occur during beam rotation. This inertia load was next modeled by using the method of simply spatial discretization and combined with reduced modal model. This approach allows to obtain accurate...
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Study of the effect of adiabatic heating on the operation of the electrodynamic actuator
PublicationElectrodynamic actuators are used in hybrid switching systems where a very quick contact separation as well as operation repeatability and long-term reliability are required. The article presents selected results of thermal studies in the electrodynamic drive system. Study was carried out on the basis of the 3D electromagneto-thermal model implemented in the Ansys_Maxwell environment. The present model allows to determine the critical...
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Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass: Technical and Process Achievements, and Future Development-A Review
PublicationPyrolysis has been applied in the human economy for many years, and it has become a significant alternative to the production of chemical compounds, including biofuels. The article fo-cuses mostly on recent achievements in the technical and processing aspects of pyrolysis. The aim of the review is to present the latest research on the process of waste biomass pyrolysis to fuel production. The paper describes the mechanisms of...
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Energy efficiency of electric multiple units in suburban operation
PublicationThis thesis presents approach to analysis of energy efficiency of a suburban rail network, using novel models developed on the Matlab/Simulink basis. Necessary features and requirements for such models were determined thru in-depth review of the source literature in all applicable fields: electrified transportation systems, electric multiple units construction, vehicle drivetrains and finally, existing simulation methods. Existing...
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Ancillary services to grids provided with distributed generation
PublicationThe paper introduces system for utilization of the customer-side generated energy. Additionally system can secure some ancillary services to grids. Those services include: current active filtering, load voltage stabilization and in case of grid voltage faults - uninterruptible load supplying (possible with energy storage device). Presented experimental results confirm flexibility of this arrangement in processes of power delivery...
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The investment process in the power supply industry
PublicationThe basis for power supply industry programming in a market economy should be the principle of sustainable development, which must take into account maintaining an adequate level of energy security on the one hand, and the aim to preserve the maximum degree of non-renewable resources on the other hand. Therefore, the overriding aim should be a strive to meet the current and prospective demand for energy and fuel, in conjugation...
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Recuperator with microjet technology as a proposal for heat recovery from low-temperature sources
PublicationA tendency to increase the importance of so called dispersed generation, based on the local energy sources and the working systems utilizing both the fossil fuels and the renewable energy resources is observed nowadays. Generation of electricity on industrial or domestic scale together with production of heat can be obtained for example through employment of the ORC systems. It is mentioned in the EU directive 2012/27/EU for cogenerative...
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Smart Knowledge Engineering for Cognitive Systems: A Brief Overview
PublicationCognition in computer sciences refers to the ability of a system to learn at scale, reason with purpose, and naturally interact with humans and other smart systems, such as humans do. To enhance intelligence, as well as to introduce cognitive functions into machines, recent studies have brought humans into the loop, turning the system into a human–AI hybrid. To effectively integrate and manipulate hybrid knowledge, suitable technologies...
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Metody wykorzystania energii z rekuperacji w transporcie szynowym
PublicationW artykule przedstawiony został przegląd metod wykorzystania energii pochodzącej z hamowania odzyskowego. Wśród znanych i stosowanych w praktyce metod wymieniono wykorzystanie odzyskanej energii na nietrakcyjne potrzeby własne pojazdu, magazynowanie odzyskanej energii w zasobnikach (pokładowych lub stacjonarnych) i wykorzystywanie jej w razie potrzeby, transformację i zwrot odzyskanej energii do krajowej sieci zasilania, a także...
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Control of the wind turbine generator
PublicationWind power system consists of two main parts: wind turbine and electrical generator. Wind turbine converts the energy of the flowing air into mechanical energy, next generator converts this energy into electrical energy that is sent to the power system. These two processes should be realized with maximum efficiency and the following requirements for the control system can be formulated: opti-mal wind power conversion, compensation...
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SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT
PublicationNowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest which is connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. It can be achieved by reducing of the transmission losses in supply system or by the improving of the usage of the regenerative breaking. The article presents an analysis of applying these two options...
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SMART GRID TECHNOLOGIES IN ELECTRIC POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT
PublicationNowadays the issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming a key area of interest, which is connected both with a growth in environmental awareness of the society and an increase in the prices of fuel and electricity. It can be achieved by reducing the transmission losses in a supply system or by the improving the usage of the regenerative breaking. The article presents an analysis of applying these two options...
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Nonlocal Vibration of Carbon/Boron-Nitride Nano-hetero-structure in Thermal and Magnetic Fields by means of Nonlinear Finite Element Method
PublicationHybrid nanotubes composed of carbon and boron-nitride nanotubes have manifested as innovative building blocks to exploit the exceptional features of both structures simultaneously. On the other hand, by mixing with other types of materials, the fabrication of relatively large nanotubes would be feasible in the case of macroscale applications. In the current article, a nonlinear finite element formulation is employed to deal with...
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Experimental and numerical study of thermal and electrical potential of BIPV/T collector in the form of air-cooled photovoltaic roof tile
PublicationAmong renewable energy sources, Building-Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) systems are gaining increasing interest. To improve their economic competitiveness, technologies that increase their efficiency are searched for. The paper is devoted to evaluating the impact of various air-cooling configurations on the thermal and electrical performance of a photovoltaic roof tile. A numerical model of the own experimental system...
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Pre-swirl energy saving device in marine application
PublicationThis paper covers topics of energy saving device (ESD) with application to marine propulsors. The form of ESD, considered in this paper, consists of fixed lifting foils mounted in front of the screw propeller (the pre-swirl stator/guide vanes). An algorithm for designing propulsion systems, consisting of guide vanes and screw propeller, is presented. The proposed method relies on hybrid lifting line (guide vanes)-lifting surface...
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FURTHER REMARKS ON THE NEO-CLASSICAL NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS
PublicationThe seminal Navier-Stokes equations have been stated yet before creation of principles of thermodynamics and the first and second laws. In the literature there is the common opinion that the Navier-Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of “working fluid” which is able to describe transformation of “ heat” into “work” and vice versa. Therefore, in the paper, a new exposition of thermodynamically...
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Exploring hydrogen energy systems: A comprehensive review of technologies, applications, prevailing trends, and associated challenges
PublicationExploring hydrogen energy and its associated technologies is a pivotal pathway towards achieving carbon neutrality. This article comprehensively reviews hydrogen production technologies, storage technologies, and end-use applications of hydrogen, based on the input energy source, operating conditions, conversion efficiency, energy density, and unit investment cost. The review also highlights the advantages, disadvantages, and technological readiness...
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Rigid finite elements and multibody modeling in analyses of a robot shaped elastic/plastic deformations of a beam
PublicationDynamics analysis of a system composed of a parallel manipulator and of an elastic beam is presented in the paper. Classic 3RRR parallel manipulator is considered and used to deform the beam. Elasto-plastic deformations are investigated. Rigid-finite-elements technique is employed to deal with dynamics of the beam. A multibody structure is associated with the introduced hybrid system in order to model its dynamics. Idea of the...
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Modeling of Electrodynamic Phenomena in an Ultra-Rapid Inductive–Dynamic Actuator as Applied to Hybrid Short-Circuit Breakers - A Review Study
PublicationThis article is a study of the research development of electrodynamic phenomena occurring in ultra-fast electrodynamic drives. These types of linear drives are among the fastest, not only because of the huge accelerations achieved, but, above all, because of the extremely short reaction time. For this reason, electrodynamic drives are used in hybrid short-circuit breakers. The phenomena occurring in this type of drive are actually...
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Estimation of the Maximum Permissible PV Power to be Connected to the MV Grid
PublicationIn recent decades, a significant increase in the share of renewable energy sources in power grids at various voltage levels has been observed. A number of articles have been published highlighting emerging problems in low-voltage grids with a large share of prosumers and in medium- and high-voltage grids to which photovoltaic (PV) plants are connected. The article analyzes the medium-voltage grid in terms of the possibility of...
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A novel concept of negative CO2 emission power plant for utilization of sewage sludge
PublicationCarbon Capture and Storage (CSS) technology is considered an important “bridge technology”, allowing effective abatement of CO2 emissions for power units using fossil fuels. However, if biomass is used in a power plant, equipped with CCS system, negative CO2 emissions can be achieved. In practice, wide development of such technologies would enable not only reduction of CO2 emissions, but also reversal of the harm done so far. In...
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Highly efficient maximum power point tracking control technique for PV system under dynamic operating conditions
PublicationThe application of small-scale electrical systems is widespread and the integration of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control for Photovoltaic systems with battery applications further enhances the techno-economic feasibility of renewable systems. For this purpose, a novel MPPT control system using Dynamic Group based cooperation optimization (DGBCO) algorithm is utilized for PV systems. The population in the DGBCO is divided...
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The Environmental Benefits of Photovoltaic Systems: The Impact on the Environment in the Production of Photovoltaic Systems: With a Focus on Metal Recovery
PublicationGreenhouse gases (GHGs) such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane, trap heat and energy, thus preventing solar radiation from escaping back into space. As the quantity of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increases so does the trapped heat and corresponding global temperature. As a result, storms become more violent, droughts more prevalent, glaciers melt, and sea levels rise, to name but a few effects of a rapidly changing...
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Photovoltaic module temperature stabilization with the use of phase change materials
PublicationThe worldwide growth of photovoltaics (PVs) has formed an exponential curve for more than four decades. During this period of time, PVs have evolved from a pure niche market of small-scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. The influence of temperature on the electrical parameters of crystalline silicon solar cells and solar modules is well described in the literature. In order to diminish these effects,...
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Increase of power and efficiency of the 900 MW supercritical power plant through incorporation of the ORC
PublicationThe objective of the paper is to analyse thermodynamical and operational parameters of the supercritical power plant with reference conditions as well as following the introduction of the hybrid system incorporating ORC. In ORC the upper heat source is a stream of hot water from the system of heat recovery having temperature of 90 °C, which is additionally aided by heat from the bleeds of the steam turbine. Thermodynamical analysis...
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Central heating temperature control algorithm for systems with condensing boilers
PublicationThe problem of control of a central heating system in a small residence is considered. It is assumed that the system is based on a condensing boiler. Since the boiler efficiency depends on a returning water temperature, the proposed control goal is to provide proper air temperature in the residence as well as the lowest possible water temperature. The proposed algorithm is applied to two buildings. Both of them have the same heating...
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A system for acoustic field measurement employing cartesian robot
PublicationA system setup for measurements of acoustic field, together with the results of 3D visualisations of acoustic energy flow are presented in the paper. Spatial sampling of the field is performed by a Cartesian robot. Automatization of the measurement process is achieved with the use of a specialized control system. The method is based on measuring the sound pressure (scalar) and particle velocity (vector) quantities. The aim of the...
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Maximum transportation growth in energy and solute particles in Prandtl martial across a vertical 3D-heated surface: Simulations achieved using by finite element approach
PublicationThe goal of this study is to determine the maximum energy and solute particles' transportation growth in a 3D-heated region of Prandtl martial through a dynamic magnetic field. The effects of this field on the properties of solvent molecules and heat conduction are studied. A correctly stated functional method and a finite element approach are comparable to a certain type of differential equations. In order demonstrate the effects...
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Practical Approach to Large-Scale Electronic Structure Calculations in Electrolyte Solutions via Continuum-Embedded Linear-Scaling Density Functional Theory
PublicationWe present the implementation of a hybrid continuum-atomistic model for including the effects of a surrounding electrolyte in large-scale density functional theory (DFT) calculations within the Order-N Electronic Total Energy Package (ONETEP) linear-scaling DFT code, which allows the simulation of large complex systems such as electrochemical interfaces. The model represents the electrolyte ions as a scalar field and the solvent...
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Performance of the AMOEBA Water Model in the Vicinity of QM Solutes: A Diagnosis Using Energy Decomposition Analysis
PublicationThe importance of incorporating solvent polarization effects into the modeling of solvation processes has been well-recognized, and therefore a new generation of hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approaches that accounts for this effect is desirable. We present a fully self-consistent, mutually polarizable QM/MM scheme using the AMOEBA force field, in which the total energy of the system is variationally minimized...
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Investigating the Impact of Curing System on Structure-Property Relationship of Natural Rubber Modified with Brewery By-Product and Ground Tire Rubber
PublicationThe application of wastes as a filler/reinforcement phase in polymers is a new strategy to modify the performance properties and reduce the price of biocomposites. The use of these fillers, coming from agricultural waste (cellulose/lignocellulose-based fillers) and waste rubbers, constitutes a method for the management of post-consumer waste. In this paper, highly-filled biocomposites based on natural rubber (NR) and ground tire...
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Delivery of Ancillary Services in Distribution Power Systems
PublicationOne of the technical and organizational challenges the power system faces in deregulated market conditions is to organize an ancillary services market. The growing share of distributed generation of variable (intermittent) energy sources and a change in the market position of consumers, causes the demand for distributed delivery of ancillary services. For this purpose, it is sought to use the ability of the regulatory measures:...
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Voice command recognition using hybrid genetic algorithm
PublicationAbstract: Speech recognition is a process of converting the acoustic signal into a set of words, whereas voice command recognition consists in the correct identification of voice commands, usually single words. Voice command recognition systems are widely used in the military, control systems, electronic devices, such as cellular phones, or by people with disabilities (e.g., for controlling a wheelchair or operating a computer...
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The Course and the Effects of Agricultural Biomass Pyrolysis in the Production of High-Calorific Biochar
PublicationThe thermal pyrolysis of agriculture biomass has been studied in a fixed-bed reactor, wherethe pyrolysis was conducted at a steady temperature of 800◦C. This work analyses the pyrolysisproducts of six agricultural wastes: pistachio husks, walnut husks, sunflower hulls, buckwheat husks,corncobs and coconut shells. The conducted research compared examples of large waste biomassstreams from different parts of the world as a potential...
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Advanced nanomaterials and metal-organic frameworks for catalytic bio-diesel production from microalgal lipids – A review
PublicationIncreasing energy demands require exploring renewable, eco-friendly (green), and cost-effective energy resources. Among various sources of biodiesel, microalgal lipids are an excellent resource, owing to their high abundance in microalgal biomass. Transesterification catalyzed by advanced materials, especially nanomaterials and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is a revolutionary process for overcoming the energy crisis. This review...
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An Intelligent Approach to Short-Term Wind Power Prediction Using Deep Neural Networks
PublicationIn this paper, an intelligent approach to the Short-Term Wind Power Prediction (STWPP) problem is considered, with the use of various types of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The impact of the prediction time horizon length on accuracy, and the influence of temperature on prediction effectiveness have been analyzed. Three types of DNNs have been implemented and tested, including: CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks), GRU (Gated Recurrent...