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Search results for: rivers , snow , synthetic aperture radar , time series analysis , fault location , backscatter
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Flooding Extent Mapping for Synthetic Aperture Radar Time Series Using River Gauge Observations
PublicationThe flooding extent area in a river valley is related to river gauge observations such as discharge and water elevations. The higher the water elevations, or discharge, the larger the flooding area. Flooding extent maps are often derived from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images using thresholding methods. The thresholding methods vary in complexity and number of required parameters. We proposed a simple thresholding method that...
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3D seafloor reconstruction using data from side scan and synthetic aperture sonar
PublicationSide scan and synthetic aperture sonars are widely used imaging systems in the underwater environment. They are relatively cheap and easy to deploy, in comparison with more powerful sensors, like multibeam echosounders. Although side scan and synthetic aperture sonars does not provide seafloor bathymetry directly, their records are finally related to seafloor images. Moreover, the analysis of such images performed by human eye...
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Computer vision techniques applied for reconstruction of seafloor 3D images from side scan and synthetic aperture sonars data
PublicationThe Side Scan Sonar and Synthetic Aperture Sonar are well known echo signal processing technologies that produce 2D images of the seafloor. Both systems combines a number of acoustic pings to form a high resolution image of seafloor. It was shown in numerous papers that 2D images acquired by such systems can be transformed into 3D models of seafloor surface by algorithmic approach using intensity information, contained in a grayscaled...
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On the Handling of Outliers in the GNSS Time Series by Means of the Noise and Probability Analysis
PublicationThe data pre-analysis plays a significant role in the noise determination. The most important issue is to find an optimum criterion for outliers removal, since their existence can affect any further analysis. The noises in the GNSS time series are characterized by spectral index and amplitudes that can be determined with a few different methods. In this research, the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) was used. The noise amplitudes...
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TIME SERIES DATA FOR 3D FLOOD MAPPING
PublicationThanks to the ability to collect information about large areas and with high frequency in time areas threatened by floods can be closely monitored. The effects of flooding are socio-economic losses. In order to reduce those losses, actions related to the determination of building zones are taken. Moreover, the conditions to be met by facilities approved for implementation in such areas are determined. Therefore, satellite data...
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Time-series analysis of road safety trends aggregated at national level in Europe for 2000-2010
PublicationThe reader will find in this study road safety modelling theory and time-series analysis techniques, applications to long period data of injury accidents and casualities, aggregared at national level
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Road safety analysis in Poland using time-series modelling techniques
PublicationA number of international studies argue that there is a correlation between the number of traffic fatalities and the degree of public activity. The studies use the unemployment rate to support that argument. As unemployment grows miles travelled fall, a factor known to affect road safety. This relationship seems to be true for Poland, as well. The model presented in the paper is intended to prove it. It is a structural time-series local...
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Investigation of noises in the EPN weekly time series
PublicationThe constantly growing needs of permanent stati ons’ velocities users cause their stability level to increase. To this research we included more than 150 stations located across Europe operating within the EUREF Permanent Network (EPN) w ith weekly changes in the ITRF2005 reference frame. The obvious long-range dependencies in the stochastic part of GPS time series were p roven by Ljung-Box...
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Time series - the tool for traffic safety analysis
PublicationGłównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie sposobu modelowania i modeli stosowanych w analizach i prognozowaniu odnośnie zmian śmiertelności w wypadkach drogowych w Polsce. W tym celu zastosowano teorię modeli strukturalnych szeregów czasowych przy założeniu, że zarówno ruch drogowy, jak i bezpieczeństwo na drogach są procesami dynamicznymi, w których przeszłość ma znaczący wpływ na teraźniejszość i przyszłość systemu.
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APPLICATION OF CHEMOMETRIC ANALYSIS TO THE STUDY OF SNOW AT THE SUDETY MOUNTAINS, POLAND
PublicationSnow samples were collected during winter 2011/2012 in three posts in the Western Sudety Mountains (Poland) in 3 consecutive phases of snow cover development, i.e. stabilisation (Feb 1st), growth (Mar 15th) and its ablation (Mar 27th). To maintain a fixed number of samples, each snow profile has been divided into six layers, but hydrochemical indications were made for each 10 cm section of core. The complete data set was subjected...
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Safety Assessment of the Regional Warmia and Mazury Road Network Using Time-Series Analysis
PublicationWarmia and Mazury still belongs to the areas with the smallest transport accessibility in Europe. Unsatisfactory state of road infrastructure is a major barrier to the development of the regional economy, impacting negatively on the life conditions of the population. Also in terms of road safety Warmia and Mazury is one of the most endangered regions in Poland. The Police statistics show that beside a high pedestrian risk observed...
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Road Safety Trends at National Level in Europe: A Review of Time-series Analysis Performed during the Period 2000–12
PublicationThis paper presents a review of time-series analysis of road safety trends, aggregatedat a national level, which has been performed in the period 2000 – 12 and applied to Europeannational data sets covering long time periods. It provides a guideline and set of best practices inthe area of time-series modelling and identifies the latest methods and applications of nationalroad safety trend analysis...
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Ontological Model for Contextual Data Defining Time Series for Emotion Recognition and Analysis
PublicationOne of the major challenges facing the field of Affective Computing is the reusability of datasets. Existing affective-related datasets are not consistent with each other, they store a variety of information in different forms, different formats, and the terms used to describe them are not unified. This paper proposes a new ontology, ROAD, as a solution to this problem, by formally describing the datasets and unifying the terms...
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A new multi-process collaborative architecture for time series classification
PublicationTime series classification (TSC) is the problem of categorizing time series data by using machine learning techniques. Its applications vary from cybersecurity and health care to remote sensing and human activity recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-process collaborative architecture for TSC. The propositioned method amalgamates multi-head convolutional neural networks and capsule mechanism. In addition to the discovery...
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Time-current tripping curves of arc fault detection devices
PublicationTripping curves of arc fault detection devices, in accordance with PN-EN 62606 “General requirements for arc fault detection devices” have been presented in the paper. Consequently the most fundamental differences in arc fault detection devices tripping compared to circuit-breakers and residual current devices have been indicated.
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Fast Real-Time RDFT- and GDFT-Based Direct Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor Drive
PublicationThis paper presents the theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a direct fault harmonic identification approach in a converter-fed electric drive for automated diagnosis purposes. On the basis of the analytical model of the proposed real-time direct fault diagnosis, the fault-related harmonic component is calculated using recursive DFT (RDFT) and Goertzel DFT (GDFT), applied instead of the full spectrum calculations...
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Noise Analysis of Continuous GPS Time Series of Selected EPN Stations to Investigate Variations in Stability of Monument Types
PublicationThe type of monument that a GPS antenna is placed on plays a significant role in noise estimation for each permanent GPS station. In this research 18 Polish permanent GPS stations that belong to the EPN (EUREF Permanent Network) were analyzed using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). The antennae of Polish EPN stations are placed on roofs of buildings or on concrete pillars. The analyzed data covers a period of 5 years from 2008...
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Irregular variations in GPS time series by probability and noise analysis
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Radar Signal Parameters Estimation Using Phase Accelerogram in the Time-Frequency Domain
PublicationRadar signal parameter estimation, in the context of the reconstruction of the received signal in a passive radar utilizing other radars as a source of illumination, is one of the fundamental steps in the signal processing chain in such a device. The task is also a crucial one in electronic reconnaissance systems, e.g. ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) systems. In order to obtain accurate results it is important to measure, estimate...
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Radar time budget optimization subject to angle accuracy constraint via cognitive approach
PublicationThe problem of minimizing dwell time in multifunction phased array radar is considered. Target of interest is assumed to fluctuate according to a generalization of Swerling family and the parameters of fluctuation model are assumed to be known. The a'priori position of the target is uncertain. Optimization, whose variables include pulse count and array transmit beampattern, is carried out subject to achieving a desired accuracy...
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Application of PCA and time series analysis in studies of precipitation in Tricity (Poland).
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki monitoringu zanieczyszczenia atmosfery Trójmiasta. Próbki wody opadowej pobierano w cyklach miesięcznych przez 4 lata (1998-2001)w 10 punktach. Wyniki poddano statystycznej i chemometrycznej analizie (szeregi czasowe, analiza wariancji, analiza głównych składowych). Wykazano wpływ lokalizacji punktów monitoringowych i bliskości Morza Bałtyckiego na zawartość jonów nieorganicznych w analizowanych próbkach.
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Investigation of the 16-year and 18-year ZTD Time Series Derived from GPS Data Processing
PublicationThe GPS system can play an important role in activities related to the monitoring of climate. Long time series, coherent strategy, and very high quality of tropospheric parameter Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) estimated on the basis of GPS data analysis allows to investigate its usefulness for climate research as a direct GPS product. This paper presents results of analysis of 16-year time series derived from EUREF Permanent Network...
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Price bubbles in commodity market – A single time series and panel data analysis
PublicationThis paper examines thirty-five commodities, grouped into three market sectors (energy, metals, agriculture & livestock) in terms of the occurrence of price bubbles. The study was based on monthly data for each commodity separately and, in a panel approach, for selected sectors and for all commodities combined. The GSADF test and its version for panel data – panel GSADF – were used to identify bubbles. The beginning and end of...
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Time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation and the water availability: A case study of Bakun-Murum Catchment Region in Malaysia
PublicationThe Bakun-Murum (BM) catchment region of the Rajang River Basin (RRB), Sarawak, Malaysia, has been under severe threat for the last few years due to urbanization, global warming, and climate change. The present study aimed to evaluate the time series analysis and impact assessment of the temperature changes on the vegetation/agricultural lands and the water availability within the BM region. For this purpose, the Landsat data for...
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Research and Analysis of Accuracy of Location Estimation in Inertial Navigation System
PublicationIn the article the research and analysis of digital signal processing and its influence on accuracy of location estimation in developed inertial navigation system was presented. The purpose of the system is to localize moving people in indoor environment. During research a measuring unit for recording selected movement parameters was made. In the article were also described author’s inertial navigation algorithms.
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Comparing traffic intensity estimates employing passive acoustic radar and microwave Doppler radar sensor
PublicationThe purpose of our applied research project is to develop an autonomous road sign with built-in radar devices of our design. In this paper, we show that it is possible to calibrate the acoustic vector sensor so that it can be used to measure traffic volume and count the vehicles involved in the traffic through the analysis of the noise emitted by them. Signals obtained from a Doppler radar are used as a reference source. Although...
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Radar with rotary head
PublicationNowadays usage of radars is no longer reserved only for the military purpose. It finds many applications in various areas of science and industry. It may be used in order to obtain extended information about the state of critical infrastructure, like shipyards or petrochemical plants. Furthermore, it may be applied in vision denied environments. The aim of this project...
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Snow Cover Studies: a Review on the Intensity of Human Pressure
PublicationSnow cover should be treated as a highly dynamic medium. A variety of physical and chemical processes interact to alter its chemical composition and affect the metamorphism of its individual crystals and layers; this, in turn, has a direct influence on their mutual adhesion, and ultimately on the stability of the entire snow cover. The literature data here reported provide basic information on the forms of solid precipitation,...
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Fault Diagnostics in PEMFC Stacks by Evaluation of Local Performance and Cell Impedance Analysis
PublicationStarvation, flooding, and dry‐out phenomena occur in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), due to heterogeneous local conditions, material inhomogeneity, and uneven flow distribution across the single cell active area and in between the individual cells. The impact of the load level and air feed conditions on the performance was identified for individual single cells within a 10‐cell stack. Analysis of the current density...
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Excited state properties of a series of molecular photocatalysts investigated by time dependent density functional theory.
PublicationTime dependent density functional theory calculations are applied on a series of molecular photocatalysts of the type [(tbbpy)2M1(tpphz)M2X2]2+ (M1 = Ru, Os; M2 = Pd, Pt; X = Cl, I) in order to provide information concerning the photochemistry occurring upon excitation of the compounds in the visible region. To this aim, the energies, oscillator strengths and orbital characters of the singlet and triplet excited states are investigated....
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Radar and Sonar Imaging and Processing
PublicationThe 21 papers (from 61 submitted) published in the Special Issue “Radar and Sonar Imaging Processing” highlighted a variety of topics related to remote sensing with radar and sonar sensors. The sequence of articles included in the SI dealt with a broad profile of aspects of the use of radar and sonar images in line with the latest scientific trends. The latest developments in science, including artificial intelligence, were used.
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Short-Period Information in GPS Time Series
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Traffic fatalities modelling using time-series.
PublicationReferat zawiera opis jednaj z metod analizowania trendów bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego opartej na teorii szeregów czasowych. Przedstawiono w nim aplikację tej metody do badania związku pomiędzy liczbą śmiertelnych ofiar wypadków drogowych w Polsce w latach 1991-2003 a wielkością bezrobocia w tym czasie.
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Traffic risk modelling using time-series
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono metodę prognozowania ryzyka w ruchu drogowym powstałą na bazie analizy szeregów czasowych. W jej oparciu dla danych o liczbie śmiertelnych ofiar wypadków drogowych w Polsce w latach 1989-2000 zbudowano model i wykonano prognozę rozwoju trendu w przyszłości.
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Performance analysis of power swing blocking feature in ABB 670 series impedance relays
PublicationThis paper presents test results of a distance protection’s PSD power swing detection feature in ABB 670 series relays. A RED670 relay was tested, which is part of the hydroelectric set protection in Żarnowiec Pumped Storage Plant. The power swing blocking feature’s performance was analysed on the basis of the results of object tests made with an Omicron digital tester. Also presented are simulation results that illustrate the...
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Radar data fusion in the STRADAR system
PublicationThe main task of the Polish Border Guard is protection of the country’s border which requires utilization of multimedia surveillance systems automatically gathering, processing and sharing various data. The paper presents such a system developed for the Maritime Division of the Polish Border Guard within the STRADAR project and the problem of fusion of radar data in this system. The system, apart from providing communication means,...
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Comparison of AHP and Numerical Taxonomy Methods Based on Biogas Plant Location Analysis
PublicationThe paper presents a comparison of the multi-criteria Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and numerical taxonomy in biogas plant location selection. Biogas plants are sources that will significantly contribute to the implementation of the provisions of the energy and climate package for Poland by 2030. Increasing the share of energy produced from renewable sources, e.g. biogas plants, will increase the country’s energy security....
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Inverse Analysis as a Key Element of Safety Assessment under the Snow Load For The Large Suspension Roofs Structure
PublicationThe paper presents a concept and realization of monitoring system for the Silesian Stadium in Chorzow. The idea of the system lies in fusion of structure monitoring with a calibrated numerical FEM model [1]. The inverse problem is solved. On the base of measured selected displacements, the numerical FEM model of the structure combined with iterative method, develops the current snow load distribution. Knowing the load, we can calculate...
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Times Series Analysis Of Road Safety Trends At The Regional Level In Poland
PublicationThe paper presents possibility of applying a structural times series modeling with explanatory and intervention variables as a tool capable for explaining the changes in the monthly number of fatalities and seriously injured in traffic accidents. The analysis covers regional level and takes into consideration traffic accidents data of two regions: Pomorskie and Warmia-Mazury. In addition short-term forecasts for the two regions...
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Assessment of the ice jam potential on regulated rivers and reservoirs with the use of numerical model results
PublicationThis study presents an attempt at estimating the jam potential on rivers with significant anthropogenic intervention in the course or flow characteristics of the river. The DynaRiCE model was used for forecasting both the place and time of an ice jam occurrence. In this modified method, two ice parameters are subjected to analysis, namely the relative ice-to-water velocity (vi/vw),and the ice thickness to single floe thickness...
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Measurement of Seafloor Acoustic Backscatter Angular Dependence at 150 kHz Using a Multibeam Echosounder
PublicationAcoustic seafloor measurements with multibeam echosounders (MBESs) are currently often used for submarine habitat mapping, but the MBESs are usually not acoustically calibrated for backscattering strength (BBS) and cannot be used to infer absolute seafloor angular dependence. We present a study outlining the calibration and showing absolute backscattering strength values measured at a frequency of 150 kHz at around 10–20 m water...
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Entropy of Financial Time Series Due to the Shock of War
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A Conformal Circularly Polarized Series-Fed Microstrip Antenna Array Design
PublicationA conformal circularly polarized series-fed microstrip array design for broadside radiation is presented. The array aperture under design is conformal to a cylindrical surface of a given radius. The approach we present primarily addresses focusing of the circularly polarized major lobe of the conformal array by proper dimensioning of the aperture spacings. The proposed analytical models yield the values of the element spacings...
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Approximate Cramér–Rao bound on Doppler error in correlation-processing relatively narrowband noise radar
PublicationThe paper studies limitations on accuracy of Doppler estimation in continuous-wave noise radar with correlation processing. Second order properties of output of the correlation receiver are evaluated and an approximate Cram´er-Rao bound on errors of Doppler measurement is derived. The accuracy of Doppler measurements is found to be affected by the following factors: power spectral density of noise signal, frequency response of the...
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Reducing Monitoring Costs in Industrially Contaminated Rivers: Cluster and Regression Analysis Approach
PublicationMonitoring contamination in river water is an expensive procedure, particularly for developing countries where pollution is a significant problem. This study was conducted to provide a pollution monitoring strategy that reduces the cost of laboratory analysis. The new monitoring strategy was designed as a result of cluster and regression analysis on field data collected from an industrially influenced river. Pollution sources in...
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Radar and Sonar Imaging and Processing (2nd Edition)
PublicationThe 14 papers (from 29 submitted) published in the Special Issue “Radar and Sonar Imaging Processing (2nd Edition)” highlight a variety of topics related to remote sensing with radar and sonar sensors. The sequence of articles included in the SI deal with a broad profile of aspects of the use of radar and sonar images in line with the latest scientific trends, in which the latest developments in science, including artificial intelligence,...
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3-D finite-difference time-domain modelling of ground penetrating radar for identification of rebars in complex reinforced concrete structures
PublicationThis paper presents numerical and experimental investigations to identify reinforcing bars using the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method. A novel element of the paper is the inspection of different arrangements of reinforcement bars. Two particular problems, i.e. detection of few adjacent transverse bars and detection of a longitudinal bar located over or under transverse reinforcement, have been raised. An attention was also...
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Azimuth estimator for a rotating array radar with wide beam
PublicationThe problem of estimating azimuth in rotating array radar with a beam, wide in the azimuth plane, is considered. Under such setup the echo signal usually has a very low signal to noise ratio, but the number of observations is large, because of long dwell times. The proposed solution is based on the maximum likelihood approach, but it employs simplifications which facilitate its implementation in real time systems. Results, obtained...
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On Bayesian Tracking and Prediction of Radar Cross Section
PublicationWe consider the problem of Bayesian tracking of radar cross section. The adopted observation model employs the gamma family, which covers all Swerling cases in a unified framework. State dynamics are modeled using a nonstationary autoregressive gamma process. The principal component of the proposed solution is a nontrivial gamma approximation, applied during the time update recursion. The superior performance of the proposed approach...
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Investigating the Ischaemic Phase of Skin NADH Fluorescence Dynamics in Recently Diagnosed Primary Hypertension: A Time Series Analysis
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