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Search results for: LOW CARBON STEEL
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Ceria Based Protective Coatings for Steel Interconnects Prepared by Spray Pyrolysis
PublicationStainless steels can be used in solid oxide fuel/electrolysis stacks as interconnects. For successful long term operation they require protective coatings, that lower the corrosion rate and block chemical reactions between the interconnect and adjacent layers of the oxygen or the hydrogen electrode. One of the promising coating materials for the hydrogen side is ceria. Using standard sintering techniques, ceria sinters at around...
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Column base fixity in steel moment frames: Observations from instrumented buildings
PublicationThe rotational fixity of column base connections in Steel Moment Resisting Frames (SMRFs) strongly influences their seismic response. However, approaches for estimating base fixity have been validated only against laboratory test data. These approaches are examined based on strong motion recordings from four instrumented SMRF buildings in California to informbest practices for seismic response simulation. These buildings represent...
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Comparative analysis of different numerical models of a steel radial gate
PublicationHydrotechnical structures are important components in water management system and general flooding safety. Their reliability should be ensured since potential damage might lead to catastrophic consequences. Weir gates are considered to be highly vulnerable elements of each hydro power plant, with regard to its dynamic resistance. The aim of the paper is to compare different numerical models and their influence on the results of...
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THE INTERACTION BETWEEN STEEL COLUMN CHORD AND CLOSELY SPACED REINFORCEMENT.
PublicationNowadays, more often than before, civil engineering designers are willing to use steel build-up members composed of single or doubled cold-formed chords interconnected using different mechanical connectors. This paper subject is an analysis of cooperation of a closely spaced built-up cold-formed chord interconnected with series of bolts that are located along the length of the member in a specific spacing. This distance along the...
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Stresses in the zone of process openings in the shell of a vertical cylindrical steel tank
PublicationW dolnej części płaszcza zbiornika walcowego na ciecze konieczne jest wykonanie różnego rodzaju otworów technologicznych. Artykuł poświęcony jest analizie stanu naprężeń w strefie wzmocnień wykonywanych w sąsiedztwie otworów na rurociągi oraz na włazy wyczystkowe w płaszczu zbiornika. Ponieważ charakter zmian naprężeń, a więc i wzmocnień w strefie obu rodzajów otworów jest różny dlatego artykuł podzielony jest na dwie części, z...
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Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of 2205 duplex stainless steel
PublicationThis paper presents results of the research on impact of microstructure of austenitic-ferritic steel of duplex type on its mechanical properties and susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking. As showed, improper processing technologies more and more often used in shipbuilding industry for plates and other half-finished products made of duplex steel may cause significant lowering their properties, which frequently makes their...
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Application of Numerical Simulations on 10GN2MFA Steel Multilayer Welding
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Numerical Simulations of X22CrMoV12-1 Steel Multilayer Welding
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Selected problems on application of steel sandwich panels to marine
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wybrane problemy stosowania stalowych laserowo spawanych paneli w konstrukcji statku. Problemy te wynikają ze specyfiki cienkiej, spawanej laserowo konstrukcji stalowej i obejmują szerokie spektrum zagadnień począwszy od własności wytrzymałościowychy elementarnego połączenia teowego spawanego laserowo poprzez łączenie paneli ze sobą a skończywszy na integracji paneli z konstrukcją tradycyjną.
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The effect of the concentration of steel fibres on the properties of industrial floors
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Practical Application of the Industry 4.0 Concept in a Steel Company
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Heat tint colours on stainless steel and welded joints
PublicationSurface layer condition of stainless steels and welded joints influences strongly their corrosion resistance. This problem seems to be underestimated. This current study explains the phenomenon of heat tint forming on welds, the methods of its removal, inspection procedures after heat tint removing and post weld finishing
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The influence of dimensional accuracy on steel structures cost calculation
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono zależność pomiędzy wartością tolerancji a kosztami wytwarzania budowlanych konstrukcji stalowych. Opisano zasady klasyfikacji tolerancji prętowych konstrukcji stalowych z uwagi na porawny montaż konstrukcji wyrażony równaiem pętli montażowej. Przedstawiono podstawy analizy i syntezy tolerancji oraz zaproponowano nową formułę optymalizacji kosztów wytwarzania. Wskazano metody rozwiązania zadania optymalizacyjnego.
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Evaluation of 316L porous stainless steel for SOFC support
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań stali typu 316L związanych z zastosowaniem w tlenowych ogniwach paliwowych.
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Modification of cement-ash composites with steel fibre addition
PublicationPraca zawiera wyniki badań kompozytów cementowo-popiołowych, w których popiół zastosowano jako częściowy zamiennik cementu. Do kompozytów dodano niewielkie ilości dwóch rodzajów włókien stalowych. Zbadano właściwości techniczne kompozytów. Wytrzymałości kompozytów cementowo-popiołowych z włóknami stalowymi w stosunku do wytrzymałości kompozytów bez włókien po wszystkich okresach wiązania i twardnienia były wyższe od kilku do kilkudziesięciu...
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Fatigue properties of laser welded steel sandwich panel.
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań laboratoryjnych paneli SANDWICH, prowadzonych w Kat. TOiOO Wydz. OiO na konstrukcjach w skali rzeczywistej. Przedstawiono program badań, omówiono założenia procedur badawczych i konstrukcję stanowisk testowych. Dokonano porównania uzyskanych rezultatów z wynikami prezentowanymi w literaturze. Przedstawiono propozycję algorytmu szacowania trwałości zmęczeniowej konstrukcji spawanych laserowo.
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Experimental tests of steel double-type balcony connections
PublicationThe paper presents analysis and results of experimental tests of full scale prefabricated balcony sets with dimensions (width × length × height): 2.0 m × 2.78 m × 0.186 m (in slope to 0.17 m). The sets consists of reinforced concrete slabs (balcony and ceiling) connected with each other by double-type balcony connections. The paper analyses the impact of variable parameters on the load carry capacity of elements. Additionally...
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Effectiveness of Concrete Reinforcement with Recycled Tyre Steel Fibres
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Steel-fibrous concrete -experiments and a numerical discrete model
PublicationW książce przedstawiono wyniki doświadczalne i numeryczne dotyczące rys w elementach betonowych wzmocnionych włóknami stalowymi dla różnych problemów brzegowych quasi-statycznych. Obliczenia wykonano przy zastosowaniu własnego oryginalnego modelu sieciowego. W modelu beton z włóknami stalowymi był modelowany na poziomie mezo. W obliczeniach uwzględniono strefy kontaktu miedzy kruszywem a zaczynem oraz włóknami a zaczynem.
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Effect of annealing temperature on slurry erosion resistance of ferritic X10CrAlSi18 steel
PublicationIn the present work, the slurry erosion tests were carried out to investigate the influence of heat treatment on slurry erosion process of ferritic X10CrAlSi18 stainless steel using a slurry pot test rig. X10CrAlSi18 stainless steel was tested in as-received condition and after annealing at three different temperatures: 600°C, 800°C and 1000°C. Degradation of materials due to slurry erosion depends on many factors connected with...
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Weldability of Underwater Wet-Welded HSLA Steel: Effects of Electrode Hydrophobic Coatings
PublicationThe paper presents the effects of waterproof coatings use to cover electrodes on the weldability of high-strength, low-alloy (HSLA) steel in water. With the aim of improving the weldability of S460N HSLA steel in water, modifications of welding filler material were chosen. The surfaces of electrodes were covered by different hydrophobic substances. The aim of the controlled thermal severity (CTS) test was to check the influence...
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Guided wave propagation for assessment of adhesive bonding between steel and concrete
PublicationAdhesive bonding is becoming more increasingly important in joining of structural elements. In civil engineering, there is a growing interest in connection by adhesive bonding in steel-concrete flexural members. This study concerns the guided wave propagation technique applied to condition assessment of an adhesive connection between a steel member and a concrete beam. Various states of degradation were considered by producing...
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Elastic wave propagation for condition assessment of steel bar embedded in mortar
PublicationThis study deals with experimental and numerical investigations of elastic wave propagation in steel bars partially embedded in mortar. The bars with different bonding lengths were tested. Two types of damage were considered: damage of the steel bar and damage of the mortar. Longitudinal waves were excited by a piezoelectric actuator and a vibrometer was used to non-contact measurements of velocity signals. Numerical calculations...
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Fatigue fracture morphology of AISI H13 steel obtained by additive manufacturing
PublicationThe paper focuses on researching the effect of fatigue loading on metallic structure, lifetime, and fracture surface topographies in AISI H13 steel specimens obtained by selective laser melting (SLM). The topography of the fracture surfaces was measured over their entire area, according to the entire total area method, with an optical three-dimensional surface measurement system. The fatigue results of the SLM 3D printed steel...
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Effects of preheating on laser beam–welded NSSC 2120 lean duplex steel
PublicationDuplex stainless steels show sustainable alternative for the conventional austenitic grades, with higher strength, higher resistance against stress corrosion cracking, and lower purchase cost. Thus, duplex stainless steel gains more attention in construction, oil and gas, and chemical industries. Among duplex stainless steels, low nickel and low molybdenum alloyed lean duplex stainless steel are a cost-efective substitution of...
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Properties of surface layers of duplex stainless steel after burnishing processes
PublicationStress corrosion cracking resistance of cold worked layers of 25 Cr duplex stainless steel grade UR52N+ has been investigated. The surface layers were performed through burnishing treatment. The residual stresses at surface layers were determined using grazing angle incidence X-ray diffraction method (g-sin2 Ψ). Corrosion tests were performed with the use of Slow Strain Rate Test technique in boiling 35% MgCl2 solution. It has...
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The Impact of Crushed Rock Spoil on Pitting Corrosion of Selected Stainless Steel
PublicationThe paper presents the results of the pitting resistance investigations of selected stainless steels in the chloride environment and the simultaneous impact of erosive factors using the cyclic polarization technique. Additionally, using electrochemical techniques, ie: electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and measurement of corrosion potential, the behavior of the passive layer of selected stainless steels in the environment...
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Thin-walled cross section shape influence on steel member resistance.
PublicationThis work describes why trending thin-walled technology is achieving popularity in steel construction sector. A purpose of this article is to present the influence of the cold-formed element cross-section shape on an axial compression and a bending moment resistance. The authors have considered four different shapes assuming constant section area and thickness. Calculations were based on three different steel grades taking into...
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Failure of austenitic stainless steel tubes during steam generator operation
PublicationThe article presents the failure process of austenitic stainless steels used in power devices, such as heat exchangers, steam generators, in terms of local corrosion: pitting, stress and intergranular corrosion, paying particular attention to welded joints area. The effect of steel chemical composition, microstructure, welding process and work environment was analyzed. The second part of the article presents the results of the...
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Allergic reactions as a defense of the organism to the influence of implants components made of stainless steel
PublicationDue to the increasing number of cases of hypersensitivity caused by direct contact with metals, as well as the increasing demand for implants in humans all ages numerous studies on the effects of the impact of implant components are being carried out. The paper presents the phenomenon of etiology of allergy in general terms and in relation to the biomaterials used in medicine. There have been characterized in terms of impact on...
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Allergic Reactions as a Defense of the Organism to the Influence of Implants Components Made of Stainless Steel
PublicationDue to the increasing number of cases of hypersensitivity caused by direct contact with metals, as well as the increasing demand for implants in humans all ages numerous studies on the effects of the impact of implant components are being carried out. The paper presents the phenomenon of etiology of allergy in general terms and in relation to the biomaterials used in medicine. There have been characterized in terms of impact on...
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Response of a steel tank during earthquakes and mining tremors - experimental investigation
PublicationCylindrical steel tanks are very popular shell structures used to store the products of chemical and petroleum industries. Any failure might have disastrous consequences, therefore their safety and reliability is essential. Earthquakes are the most dangerous and also the most unpredictable dynamic loads acting on such structures. On the other hand, mining tremors are usually considered to be less severe due to lower acceleration...
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Photocatalytic Decomposition of Air Pollutants using Electrodeposited Photocatalysts on Stainless Steel
PublicationThe aim of research was to develop an immobilization method for photocatalysts, which is an alternative to the sol-gel or dip coating methods and can be simply scaled up for technical applications. The investigated photocatalyst was TiO2, which was electrochemically deposited onto a cathode made of stainless steel. This deposited film was photocatalytically active. In order to enhance the photoactivity of the TiO2 film, commercially...
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Application of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to evaluate cathodically protected coated steel in seawater
PublicationTwo types of organic coated carbon steel (S235JR2 grade) electrodes were exposed to artificial seawater environment. One prepared type was defect free while the other one had an intentionally introduced φ0,5 cm coating defect. Both kinds of samples were polarized during the exposure to four potentials corresponding to four different cathodic protection levels. Evolution of their EIS spectra is presented in this paper. Results obtained...
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Wpływ wybranych parametrów środowiska na przebieg degradacji rur okładzinowych ze stali P110
PublicationMateriały używane na orurowanie odwiertów w poszukiwaniu i wydobyciu ropy i gazu poddawane są niekorzystnym warunkom eksploatacji takich jak: podwyższona temperatura, wysokie ciśnienie, turbulentny przepływ korozyjnych cieczy z zawieszonymi cząstkami stałymi. Jednym z gatunków stali używanych do produkcji rur okładzinowych jest stal P110 (za normą API 5CT) będąca stalą średnio-węglową, niskostopową o wysokiej wytrzymałości. Celem...
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THE EFFECT OF NOTCH DEPTH ON CTOD VALUES IN FRACTURE TESTS OF STRUCTURAL STEEL ELEMENTS
PublicationIn elements of steel structures working at low temperatures, there is a risk of appearance of brittle fracture. This risk is reduced through the use of certified materials having guaranteed strength at a given temperature. A method which is most frequently used to determine brittle fracture toughness is the Charpy impact test, preformed for a given temperature. For offshore structures intended to work in the arctic climat e, the...
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MnCo2O4 deposited by spray pyrolysis as a protective layer for stainless steel interconects
PublicationStainless steel interconnects working in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells stacks are exposed to high temperature resulting in their corrosion. Protective layers for the hydrogen and oxygen sides are necessary to protect the interconnect material, prolongate the stack lifetime and maintain the output power. In this paper MnCo2O4 protective layer for the oxygen side of the interconnect is deposited by spray pyrolysis and is examined.
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Hydrogen induced degradation of structural steel exposed to the technical liquid hydrocarbons
PublicationSusceptibility of the differently heat treated 26H2MF steel to stress corrosion cracking has been evaluated in the constant strain rate tension tests done at the strain rate 10-6s-1 and in the constant load tests done at the 0,98 of fracture load. The boiler fuel and the aged mineral oil at 135C and 80C respectively, have been used as the aggressive environments.
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FRP-based reinforcement coatings of steel with application prospects in ships and offshore structures: a review
PublicationLatest research on novel FRP-based anti-corrosion structural coatings (for enhancing structural capacity and strengthening the coating layer) is discussed with application prospects for ships and offshore structures. In the marine environment, structures constantly face corrosion and fatigue cracks. Combining this with high operational and wave loads, it might cause a structural collapse. Recently, polymer composites have been...
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Fatigue behaviour of SLM maraging steel under variable-amplitude loading
PublicationOne of the most challenging issues for additive manufactured materials is fatigue endurance. Engineering components often operate under complex, variable amplitude loadings, in which existing technological imperfections promote fatigue cracks growth and damage of elements eventually. In this study the effects of different variable-amplitude strain levels on fatigue life, 18Ni300 steel was tested. The work presents various behaviours...
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Time evolution of Electrochemical Impedance spectra of cathodically protected steel in artificial seawater
PublicationUsability of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy data for better cathodic protection control was investigated. Carbon steel – S235JR2 grade specimen were exposed in artificial seawater environment. Samples were polarized and their potentials corresponded to four different cathodic protection degrees. Time evolution of Electrochemical Impedance spectra was investigated. Goodness of fit function (X2) was analysed in terms of proper...
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Underwater in situ local heat treatment by additional stitches for improving the weldability of steel
PublicationIn this paper the influence of in situ local heat treatment performed by additional stitches on the weldability of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) S355J2C+N steel was tested. The investigated steel is characterized by high susceptibility to cold cracking. It is necessary to find a method to improve the quality of welded joints. The local heat treatment was applied as an eect of bead-on plate welding made on the face of a Tekken...
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Problems of collisions between adjacent steel structures under earthquake excitation
PublicationNowadays, the high level of urbanization forces the designers to design closely-separated structures and to take into account many factors influencing the response of these structures, which may collide due to insufficient separation distance during moderate to strong ground motions. Recent observations as well as numerical and experimental investigations have confirmed that the interactions between structures may lead to significant...
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Determination of Mechanical Properties of P91 Steel by Means of Magnetic Barkhausen Emission
PublicationIn this work, an attempt at determination of mechanical properties by means of a method based on magnetic Barkhausen emission measurements was proposed. The specimens made of P91 steel were subjected to creep or plastic flow which were interrupted after a range of selected time periods in order to achieve specimens with an increasing level of strain. Subsequently, measurements of magnetic Barkhausen emission were carried out, and...
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Underwater Wet Repair Welding of API 5L X65M Pipeline Steel
PublicationThis paper presents results of the research of effect of polymer insulation of pipeline made of API 5L X65M steel as well as underwater wet welding parameters on properties of joints made by covered electrodes. Effect of heat input on structure and hardness of joints during repair of underwater pipeline was analyzed. Welding defects like microcracks, micro-lacks of fusion, slag inclusions, as well as HAZ hardness increase over...
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Degradation of protective coatings in steel chimneys of flue gas desulfurisation system
PublicationThis paper presents problems associated with corrosion of steel stacks and changes in philosophy of corrosion protection when implemented into flue gas desulphurization systems. In-situ tests were taken by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at the stack which discharges flue gas before wet lime/limestone desulphurization. A very quick electrolyte absorption by the spherical infill vinylester coating was found using...
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Shaking table experimental study on models of steel buildings with different types of joints
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to study the response of models of steel buildings with destroyed and non-destroyed joints. The study was conducted experimentally using the shaking table tests. Two steel models were considered. Several types of joints were taken into account: totally destroyed joints, partially destroyed joints, welded joints and joints stiffened with additional metal. Six ground motions were taken into account. The acceleration...
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Assessment of crack resistance of S355J2+N steel according to SEP 1390 standard
PublicationThe aim of the study was to evaluate the weldability of S355J2+N steel by bending test according to SEP 1390. In the specimen from S355J2+N steel 3 external cracks were found, 1 of which were stopped in the fusion line and 2 in heat affected zone. Results of bending test for investigated grade of steel are positive.
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PROBLEMS OF COLLISIONS BETWEEN ADJACENT STEEL STRUCTURES UNDER EARTHQUAKE EXCITATION
PublicationNowadays, the high level of urbanization forces the engineers to design closely-separated structures and to take into account many factors influencing their response, including collisions between them due to insufficient separation distance during moderate to strong ground motions. Recent observations as well as experimental and numerical investigations have confirmed that interactions...
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Modal analysis of temporary steel grandstand equipped with different bracing systems
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to present the results of numerical analysis focused on temporary steel scaffolding grandstand. The investigation has been devoted to modal analysis where modes of free vibrations and corresponding natural frequencies have been estimated and compared. The structure was equipped with different types of stiffener members. One on them is a typical tubular stiffener, while the second one is spe-cially designed...