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Search results for: ENERGY%20EFFICIENCY
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Nuclear power plant as a source of electrical energy and heat
PublicationIn this paper certain issues concerning usage of nuclear power plants as sources of not only electric power but also thermal energy will be discussed. For such a solution appeals most of all the need to limit harmful emissions of gases (including CO2) and ashes, which come from the process of burning fossil fuels, as well as the raising demand for network heat and chill. Additionally combined heat and power production brings measurable...
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Solid oxide fuel cells for distributed energy generation
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono zasadę działania tlenkowego ogniwa paliwowego. Zaprezentowano wybrane problemy oraz rozwiązania technologiczne.
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Photovoltaic solar energy development in the Baltic Sea Region
PublicationInformacje zawarte w tym artykule odzwierciedlają różnorodność rozwoju technologii fotowoltaicznych i różnorodność etapów realizacji PV przez kraje regionu Morza Bałtyckiego (Dania, Finlandia, Niemcy, Łotwa, Litwa, Szwecja, Polska, Estonia).
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Systems for storing and reducing energy consumption in residential buildings
PublicationW pracy przeprowadzany został przegląd różnych koncepcji magazynów energii cieplnej zintegrowanych z budynkiem mieszkalnym. Przedstawione zostały warianty różniące się między sobą pod względem kształtu, rozmiaru, wypełnienia, sposobu instalacji itp. Opisany został sposób zintegrowania systemów magazynujących z odnawialnymi źródłami energii. Następnie wskazane zostały inne rozwiązania projektowe umożliwiające redukcję zapotrzebowania...
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Low-energy interactions related to atmospheric and extreme conditions
PublicationThis Topical Issue, entitled “Low-Energy Interactions Related to Atmospheric and Extreme Conditions”, showcases a collection of eighteen articles that reported recent theoretical and experimental findings pertaining to the following topics: – low-energy interactions of charged particles (electrons [1–7], protons [8], positrons [9]), and photons [10] with atoms and molecules of biological [1–4,7,8], astrochemical [10], industrial,...
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On the use of a charge balancing method for low energy measurements
PublicationThe paper presents the method for the estimation of the energy consumption of the low-power microcontroller-based devices. Due to high dynamics of the changes of the supply current of the tested devices during the operational cycle, the consumed energy estimation is not easy. In order to avoid disadvantages of known methods, the charge balancing method was employed similarly like in some types of A/D converters.
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Brief Announcement: Energy Constrained Depth First Search
PublicationDepth first search is a natural algorithmic technique for constructing a closed route that visits all vertices of a graph. The length of such route equals, in an edge-weighted tree, twice the total weight of all edges of the tree and this is asymptotically optimal over all exploration strategies. This paper considers a variant of such search strategies where the length of each route is bounded by a positive integer B (e.g. due...
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The energy test ''100 fishing deys'' of a Baltic cutter
PublicationReferat prezentuje oryginalną koncepcję testu energetycznego podczas nieprzerwanej eksploatacji kutra bałtyckiego w przeciągu 100 dni "pracy na łowisku". Test zapewni wyznaczenie na drodze obliczeniowej ilości zużytego paliwa i sprawności eksploatacyjnej układu energetycznego. Podane modele obliczeniowe uwzględniają rzeczywiste rozwiązania układów energetycznych i układów połowowych oraz warunki pracy jednostek a także wartości...
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Pre-swirl energy saving device in marine application
PublicationThis paper covers topics of energy saving device (ESD) with application to marine propulsors. The form of ESD, considered in this paper, consists of fixed lifting foils mounted in front of the screw propeller (the pre-swirl stator/guide vanes). An algorithm for designing propulsion systems, consisting of guide vanes and screw propeller, is presented. The proposed method relies on hybrid lifting line (guide vanes)-lifting surface...
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Quantum issues in diagnostics of marine energy machines and devices
PublicationW artykule podjęto zagadnienie możliwości uwzględniania części dorobku mechaniki kwantowej w diagnostyce okrętowych urządzeń energetycznych. Wykazano, że są zbieżne spostrzeżenia mechaniki kwantoweji diagnostyki technicznej uzyskane w obszarze wiedzy z zakresu badań empirycznych. Uzasadniono konieczność wykonywania podczas badań empirycznych, nie tylko rachunku błędów, lecz także określania niedokładności wyników badań (pomiarów)...
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Voltage control in a power system with renewable sources of energy
PublicationIntensive development of distributed generation in power systems, caused by the European Union energy policy, gives possibility for improving safety in power delivery as well as optimizing the costs of the systems functioning. In this context, distributed generation can be used for voltage control in power systems – it can be performed by the control of reactive power of each source of energy or a group of energy sources. This...
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Analysis of start energy of Stirling engine type alpha
PublicationThe Stirling engine type alpha is composed of two cylinders (expansion space E and compression space C), regenerator that forms the space between the cylinders and the buffer space (under the pistons). Before the start-up and as a result of long-term operation, the average pressure in the working space (above the pistons) and in the buffer space is the same. However, in the initial phase of operation, the average pressure in the...
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Low energy electron mass stopping power in H2
PublicationWe present experimental mass stopping powers of electrons in gaseous H2 obtained with a newly developed electron time-of-flight spectrometer, for the incident electron energy range of 10eV to 25eV. In our procedure the average energy loss is derived from our conversion of measured electron time-of-flight spectra into equivalent electron energy loss spectra so as to obtain the values of mass stopping power for electron scattering...
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Dissociation of 2-oxopropanoic acid by low energy electrons
PublicationElectron attachment to molecular target can lead to a variety of negative fragment ions. We experimentally probe the main dissociative electron attachment (DEA) channels in 2-oxopropanoic acid (CH3 - CO - COOH) - an important trace component in the Earth's atmosphere. In our studies we utilise nearly mono-energetic electrons at electron energies from 0 eV up to 15 eV.
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HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM FOR A CLASSIC SHIP POWER PLANT
PublicationThe article presents a brief overview of hybrid energy systems used on ships. The area of their application is outlined. The benefits of using such systems are also indicated. Then, the classic ship power plant is defined. The most important part of the article is a proposal how to modify a classic engine room by using a hybrid energy system. The idea is: to accumulate a part of electricity in areas where it is allowed to burn...
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Collaborative Exploration of Trees by Energy-Constrained Mobile Robots
PublicationWe study the problem of exploration of a tree by mobile agents (robots) that have limited energy. The energy constraint bounds the number of edges that can be traversed by a single agent. We use a team of agents to collectively explore the tree and the objective is to minimize the size of this team. The agents start at a single node, the designated root of the tree and the height of the tree is assumed to be less than the energy...
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Polarisation effects in low-energy positron–molecule scattering
PublicationThe UK molecular R-matrix method has been adapted to treat positron collisions from polyatomic targets. A simple empirical enhancement factor which corrects for the underestimation of electron–positron polarisation and correlation effects in the calculations performed with the static-plus-polarization model at low scattering energies is presented. Application of this model to positron scattering from carbon dioxide at energies...
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EE-ISAC—Practical Cybersecurity Solution for the Energy Sector
PublicationA recent survey of cybersecurity assessment methods proposed by the scientific community revealed that their practical adoption constitutes a great challenge. Further research that aimed at identifying the reasons for that situation demonstrated that several factors influence the applicability, including the documentation level of detail, the availability of supporting tools, and the continuity of support. This paper presents the...
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Price Changes in Wholesale Market of Electrical Energy in Poland
PublicationThe article discusses the Price changes on the wholesale electricity market in Poland Moreover, The price levels on the futures electricity markets and the spot transactions market are presented. The impact of emission charges under the EU ETS on the price of electricity in the domestic market has been taken into consideration Furthermore, the basic determinants of the generation structure in Poland that influence the level of...
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Potential Energy Curves of Diatomic Alkali Molecules Datasets
PublicationThe datasets described in this article contain potential energy curves for several diatomic systems. The data was obtained via high-performance computing using MOLPRO, a system of ab initio programs for advanced molecular electronic structure calculations. The datasets allow to model bond lengths, energy levels, spectra and time-evolution of molecular dimers for which the data are presented.
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Residual current devices in installations with PV energy sources
PublicationThe paper presents the principles of residual current devices (RCDs) application in photovoltaic (PV) installations. Provisions of standards in this regard are commented on, in particular, attention is drawn to the lack of obligation to use of RCDs in PV installations. The issue of the shape of the earth fault current and the level of leakage currents in such installations are discussed. These factors influence the selection of...
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Gossiping by energy-constrained mobile agents in tree networks
PublicationEvery node of an edge-weighted tree network contains a data packet. At some nodes are placed mobile agents, each one possessing an amount of energy (not necessarily the same for all agents). While walking along the network, the agents spend the energy proportionally to the distance traveled and collect copies of the data packets present at the visited network nodes. An agent visiting a node deposits there copies of all currently...
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HISTORY OF INITIAL ENERGY AND WATER NETWORK DEVELOPMENT IN QATAR
PublicationQatar: A country which had to be associated with neighboring countries like UAE or Saudi Arabia for people to know about it, stands proud today due to the ample production and exporting of Black Gold. A country with almost no vegetation or suitable weather to harvest crops, turned from being heavily dependent on trading Pearls to exporting natural oil and gas to all over the globe. The paper outlines in details the history of the...
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Managerial Energy in Sustainable Enterprises: Organizational Wisdom Approach
PublicationThe circular economy (CE) as an idea involves applying the concept of sustainable development that has been gaining worldwide support. This shift in perception of energy and resource-use from its linear to circular forms creates a specific business environment, which constitutes the subject of this research. This article aims to analyze the impact of a manager’s energy on organizational wisdom, focusing on its circular business...
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Energy Modeling of Single-Family Houses in the Conceptual Phase
PublicationThe aim of the article is to identify the potential impact of the latest commercial digital tools for building energy analysis on the everyday architectural practice in Poland in the context of typology and energy optimization of single –family houses. The reason for this survey is that “architect friendly” interfaces simulation results’ visualization and energy analysis tools are not given deserved attention in the architectural...
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Modelling, thermography and digital processing of energy conversion processes
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono zagadnienia modelowania fizycznego i numerycznego procesów wymiany ciepła i konwersji energii. Do analizy wymiany ciepła w przestrzeni wypełnionej płynem zastosowano termografie krystaliczne i komputerowy system analizy otrzymanych laserowych obrazów. Wykonano również termogramy powierzchni pokrytych także ciekłokrystaliczniei jako przykład przeanalizowano rozkład temperatury na powierzchniach ciał stałych...
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Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the CAES system coupled with the underground thermal energy storage taking into account global, central and local level of energy conversion
PublicationA key aspect of CAES is the optimal configuration of the thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, the situation of cooperation between the current conventional power plants and wind farms is analyzed, and then, based on thermodynamic models, the process of storing thermal and electrical energy in the CAES system coupled with a heat storage and recovery is developed. Therefore, three levels can be distinguished, namely: the global level...
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The study of influence of a rotating magnetic field on mixing efficiency
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The Efficiency and Productivity Evaluation of National Innovation Systems in Europe
PublicationPurpose: An efficient innovation system currently plays a crucial role in creating competitive prevalence, contributing to the economic growth of individual states. The innovation system is influenced by many socioeconomic factors, including in international rankings of innovativeness of economies. These classifications have some limitations. Primarily, they do not examine the efficiency, which means they do not analyze the...
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Porous nanopeapod Pd catalyst with excellent stability and efficiency
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Efficiency of the research and development activities of technical universities in Poland
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The Efficiency and Productivity Evaluation of National Innovation Systems in Europe
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Comparison of the Efficiency of Hetero- and Homogeneous Catalysts in Cellulose Liquefaction
PublicationBiomass liquefaction is a well-known and extensively described process. Hydrothermal processes are well understood and can be used in the fuel industry. The use of organic solvents can result in full-fledged products for use in the synthesis of polyurethanes. The plastics industry, including polyurethanes, is targeting new, more environmentally friendly solutions. One of these is the replacement of petrochemical polyols with compounds...
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Estimation of the Regenerative Braking Process Efficiency in Electric Vehicles
PublicationIn electric and hybrid vehicles, it is possible to recover energy from the braking process and reuse it to drive the vehicle using the batteries installed on-board. In the conditions of city traffic, the energy dissipated in the braking process constitutes a very large share of the total resistance to vehicle motion. Efficient use of the energy from the braking process enables a significant reduction of fuel and electricity consumption...
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Evaluation of technical efficiency of heat and electric power generation
PublicationThis paper presents an evaluation of technical efficiency and time-dependent changes in productivity of Polish professional electric power and heat&electric power stations by using Data Envelopment Analysis non-parametric method. The research covered the enterprises whose total available electric power amounted to about 98% of that of all professional thermal electric power stations in this country. The analysis has concerned...
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The Conditions of Measuring Local Government Units Expenditure Efficiency
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Implementation of Omics Research to Enhance Phytoremediation Efficiency - a Review
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Polymers in High-Efficiency Solar Cells: The Latest Reports
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Efficiency of environmental taxation in European countries: comparative analysis
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Efficiency of the research and development activities of technical universities in Poland
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The Efficiency of Public and Private Higher Education Institutions in Poland
PublicationChanges introduced to Poland’s education system in 2011 and 2014 amid efforts to adjust it to the needs of the labour market had an effect on the country’s institutions of higher learning. This paper provides an analysis of the efficiency of public and private Polish universities and examines the impact of selected factors in the years that followed. To estimate this efficiency, a Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC) model of the...
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On the internal efficiency of a turbine stage: classical and CFD definitions
PublicationAlmost entire fleet of steam turbines in Poland was designed between 1950 – 1980 with the use of the so-called zero dimensional (0D) calculation tools. For several years, design and modernization of the turbines occur in assistance with the state of the art methods that describe working fluid flow field based on 3D models and CFD codes. This cooperation between 0D and 3D codes requires exchange of overall, integral information...
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Enhancement of the Brayton cycle efficiency by water or steam utilization
PublicationIn the paper, thermodynamic analysis of two modifications of a Brayton cycle into enhancement cycles with water/steam injection are discussed. The first one deals with a STIG modified system with both interstage compressed air cooling and air heating (heat regeneration) before combustion chamber. The second one, mainly devoted to higher steam/air ratio, is connected with separate steam production in a HRSG. The analysis has been...
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The Efficiency of Polish Stock Market: Ordinal Patterns Approach
PublicationZunino et al. analyzed the problem of discrimination of developed and emergent markets by the use of ordinal patterns methods: number of forbidden patterns and ordinal pattern probability distribution as a basis for entropy and statistical measure of complexity. In this paper we apply the same methodology for the analysis of Polish stock market (index WIG). The results indicate that Polish market belongs neither to developed, nor...
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Efficiency of gas mixtures detection by resistive gas sensors
PublicationResistive gas sensors are very popular and are commonly used to detect various gases and their mixtures. Theeir main disadvantage is very limited selectivity. Practical use of gas sensors in environenmental applications requires determination of concentration of a few mixed gases at the same time. We would like to present recent results of gas detection improvement by utilizing a single gas sensor and additional measurements to...
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EFFICIENCY OF GAS MIXTURES DETECTION BY RESISTIVE GAS SENSORS
PublicationResistive gas sensors are very popular and are commonly used to detect various gases and their mixtures. Their main disadvantage is very limited selectivity. Practical use of gas sensors in environmental applications (e.g., in sewage systems to protect workers, in air conditioning systems to monitor atmosphere quality) requires determination of concentration of a few mixed gases at the same time. We would like to present recent...
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Machinery Life Cycle Efficiency Models for their Sustainable Development
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Evaluation of time-efficiency of disjoint paths calculation schemes
PublicationThe concept of alternate paths has been shown in the literature to provide fast response of a network to failures of its elements (nodes/links) affecting flows along the primary communication paths. Various approaches have been proposed to reduce the time necessary to redirect the respective flows onto the alternate paths. In this paper, we focus on another important objective, that so far has not received much attention, i.e.,...
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An approach to improve the time efficiency of disjoint paths calculation
PublicationFailures of network elements can be appropriately dealt with by utilization of alternate disjoint paths to provide redirection of flows affected by failures of the respective working paths. Known approaches can be broadly divided by decision on backup paths installation into proactive and reactive mechanisms, as well as based on the scope of recovery actions into local and global rerouting. There are several important scenarios...
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Numerical testing of numerical generation efficiency in a bubble layer
PublicationPraca omawia zagadnienie nieliniowej propagacji w warstwie z pęcherzykami. Przedstawiono model matematyczny zjawiska. Omówiono problem wyznaczania prędkości fazowej, współczynnika tłumienia i częstotliwości rezonansowej pęcherzyków. Analizowano zmiany amplitud pierwszej i drugiej harmonicznych ciśnienia fali odbitej i bieżącej w funkcji grubości warstwy, względnej koncentracji pęcherzyków o różnych promieniach oraz częstotliwości...