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Search results for: HARD CARBON
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Hard carbon derived from rice husk as low cost negative electrodes in Na-ion batteries
PublicationHere, we report the synthesis of hard carbon materials (RH) made from natural rice husk through a single pyrolysis process and their application as an anode in sodium-ion batteries. The studies show that the electrochemical properties of RHs are affected by the treatment temperatures, which determine the materials morphology, in particular, their degree of graphitization and extent of continuous channels (nanovoids). The latter...
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Composite Materials Based on Polymer-Derived SiCN Ceramic and Disordered Hard Carbons as Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
PublicationNew composite materials based on polymer-derived SiCN ceramics and hard carbons were studied in view of its application as anodes for lithium-ion batteries. Two kinds of composites were prepared by pyrolysis of the preceramic polysilazane (HTT1800, Clariant) at 1000 °C in Ar atmosphere mixed with hard carbons derived from potato starch (HC_PS) or with a hard carbon precursor, namely potato starch (PS), denoted as HTT/HC_PS and...
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Structure versus hydrolytic and thermal stability of bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers composed of hard and soft building blocks with high content of green carbon
PublicationNowadays, sustainability plays a key role in the design and synthesis of new materials. One of the methods for the preparation of green materials is incorporation into their structure the monomers with a high content of green carbon. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the influence of the type and molecular mass of two bio-based polyester polyols and bio-glycol on the properties of aliphatic partially bio-based...
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Phutball is PSPACE-hard
PublicationW pracy dowodzimy, że gra ''Phutball'' (Philosopher's Football) jest PSPACE-trudna.
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Electron-beam irradiation in TEM of hard-segment homopolymers and polyurethanes with different hard-segment content.
PublicationZbadano odporność na niszczenie radiacyjne w transmisyjnym mikroskopie elektronowym homopolimeru segmentów sztywnych i poliuretanów z różną zawartością segmentów sztywnych. Dokonano rejestracji morfologii tych polimerów w TEM w trakcie obserwacji w jasnym polu oraz selektywnej dyfrakcji elektronowej. Analizowano tkże te polimery w mikroskopie polaryzacyjnym przed i po obserwacjach w TEM. Potwierdzono doniesienia literatutowe o...
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Graphs hard-to-process for greedy algorithm MIN
PublicationWe compare results of selected algorithms that approximate the independence number in terms of the quality of constructed solutions. Furthermore, we establish smallest hard- to-process graphs for the greedy algorithm MIN.
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Technology of welding hard wearing plates
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Tools for finishing processes on hard materials
PublicationPrzedstawiono narzędzia i wyniki obróbki materiałów w stanie twardym. Analizowano proces docierania elementów ceramicznych mikroziarnami diamentowymi, nagniatanie stali w stanie twardym (60 HRC) kulkami z Si3N4 i przecinanie ściernicowe stali ŁH15 (62 HRC).
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Tribology of stochastic phenomena on the hard tissue.
PublicationPraca przedstawia model matematyczny zjawisk tribologicznych podczas hodowli tkanek twardych, w tym chrząstek stawowych. Uwzględnia się chropowatości powierzchni hodowanych chrząstek. Problem tribologiczny uzewnętrzniony został koniecznością sterowania wartościami sił tarcia jakie powstają w cienkiej warstewce przyściennej opływanej tkanki cieczą biologiczną w trakcie hodowli. Taki model matematyczny nie był do tej pory rozpatrywany.
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The smallest hard-to-color graph for algorithm DSATUR
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The smallest hard-to-color graph for the SL algorithm
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A method for the tribological testing of thin, hard coatings
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Hard lessons learned: delivering usability in IT projects
PublicationEffective project management requires the development of a realistic plan which aims to ensure the success of the project and ultimately deliver a high quality product to customers. However, experience shows that the majority of software vendors managing projects suffer from numerous problems to provide usability in IT solutions and complete a project in a given time with success. In this paper we discuss, analyze and synthesize...
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Hard anodization of copper in potassium carbonate aqueous solution
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Easy and hard instances of arc ranking in directed graphs
PublicationArtykuł dotyczy uporządkowanego kolorowania łuków grafów skierowanych. Problem polega na takim przyporządkowaniu liczb łukom digrafu, aby każda skierowana ścieżka łącząca dwa łuki o tej samej liczbie (kolorze) zawierała łuk o kolorze wyższym. Praca podaje liniowy optymalny algorytm dla pewnego szczególnego przypadku, oraz zawiera dowód, iż problem ten jest obliczeniowo trudny dla 3-dzielnych acyklicznych digrafów i stałej liczby...
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Effect of the various fats on the structural characteristics of the hard dough biscuit
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Thermodynamic and electromagnetic properties of hard-core charged bosons on a lattice
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Flexomagneticity in buckled shear deformable hard-magnetic soft structures
PublicationThis research work performs the first time exploring and addressing the flexomagnetic property in a shear deformable piezomagnetic structure. The strain gradient reveals flexomagneticity in a magnetization phenomenon of structures regardless of their atomic lattice is symmetrical or asymmetrical. It is assumed that a synchronous converse magnetization couples both piezomagnetic and flexomagnetic features into the material structure....
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Computational studies of friction forces for hard tissue cultivation in bioreactor.
PublicationPonieważ wymiana naturalego stawu na endoprotezę może być dokonywana 2-3 razy w życiu, problem leczenia przez transplantację tkanek chrzęstnych nabiera dużego znaczenia. Przeszczepów tkanki można dokonywać z sukcesem wiele razy. W bioreaktorach, środowisko hydrodynamiczne kształtuje hodowlę tkanek in vitro w obecności sił tarcia, poprzez bezpośrednie działanie na morfologię komórek a także poprzez pośrednie działanie na tkankę...
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Hard tissue samples as markers of occupational exposure in phosphatic fertilizer plant
PublicationW pracy opisano zastosowanie próbek włosów i paznokci do oceny narażenia pracowników zakładów nawozów fosforowych na zanieczyszczenie metalami ciężkimi. Jako metodę oznaczania 25 pierwiastków we włosach i paznokciach zastosowano aktywacje neutronową. Do opracowania wyników i ich oceny zastosowano szereg metod chemometrycznych.
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Soft- and hard-decision multiple-model estimators for air traffic control
PublicationAnalizuje się problem śledzenia samolotów cywilnych manewrowania w zapewnianiu kontroli ruchu lotniczego (ATC) systemów za pomocą wielomodelowej (MM) estymacji stanu. Budując odpowiedni zestaw modeli manewrowania można opisać, jak różne manewry wpływają na proces oceny stanu wykonywany przez filtr Kalmana (KF) w oparciu o model ruchu bezmanerwowego. Metodologia ta prowadzi do podsystemu diagnostycznego, który wspiera estymator...
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Conducted EMI Propagation Paths in DC-AC Hard Switching Converter
PublicationIn order to limit the electromagnetic interference (EMI) in power electronics devices, knowledge about the phenomena connected with EMI generation and propagation is necessary. This papers describes the propagation paths in the 3 phase voltage source inverter using wide-band simulation and laboratory test with the signal processing method Wiener filtering, where the transfer functions between voltage across switches and the perturbation...
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Hard Lessons Learned: A Model that Facilitates the Selection of Methods of IT Project Management
PublicationThe article presents the results of research conducted in an international enterprise responsible for IT project implementation. The carried out analysis of the case study with the use of surveys and data synthesis allowed the major factors causing problems connected with project management to be identified. The identified factors were aggregated and then, by using four key variables, a rhomboidal model adaptation was proposed...
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Hard and Soft Modelling Based Knowledge Capture for Information Flow Management
PublicationW rozdziale przedstawiono najpierw złożony aparat matematyczny który może być wykorzystany w modelowaniu zarządzania informacją i oceny jej wartości w procesach decyzyjnych. Aparat ten oparto na teorii procesów stochastycznych oraz na teorii uzyteczności. Następnie, opierając się na wypracowanym modelu matematycznym, zaproponowano przejście do modelowania miękkiego. Całość zilustrowano na przykładach z obszaru zarządzania informacją.
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Intelligent Optimization of Hard-Turning Parameters Using Evolutionary Algorithms for Smart Manufacturing
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Towards the boundary between easy and hard control problems in multicast Clos networks
PublicationIn this article we study 3-stage Clos networks with multicast calls in general and 2-cast calls, in particular. We investigate various sizes of input and output switches and discuss some routing problems involved in blocking states. To express our results in a formal way we introduce a model of hypergraph edge-coloring. A new class of bipartite hypergraphs corresponding to Clos networks is studied. We identify some polynomially...
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High-accuracy computation of hard X-ray focusing and imaging for refractive optics
PublicationA mathematical apparatus for solving problems of X-ray wave propagation through complex optical systems, when the lens thickness can change with jumps, is developed and presented. The developed method is based on the use of the superposition of oriented Gaussian beams, which satisfy the Helmholtz equation with high accuracy. The wave propagation in air and through kinoform and ordinary lenses is considered. Focusing and imaging...
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Optimised Allocation of Hard Quality Sensors for Robust Monitoring of Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
PublicationA problem of optimised placement of the hard quality sensors in Drinking Water Distribution Systems for robust quality monitoring is formulated. Two numerical algorithms to solve the problem are derived. The optimality is meant as achieving a desired trade off between the sensor capital and maintenance costs and resulting robust estimation accuracy of the monitoring algorithm. The robust estimation algorithm recently developed...
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An optimised placement of the hard quality sensors for a robust monitoring of the chlorine concentration in drinking water distribution systems
PublicationThe problem of an optimised placement of the hard quality sensors in drinking water distribution systemsunder several water demand scenarios for a robust monitoring of the chlorine concentration is formulatedin this paper. The optimality is understood as achieving a desired trade off between the sensors and theirmaintenance costs and the accuracy of estimation of the chlorine concentration. The contribution of thiswork is a comprehensive...
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The effect of hard/soft segment composition on radiation stability of poly(ester-urethane)s
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The Problems of Application of PVD/CVD Thin Hard Coatings for Heavy-Loaded Machine Components
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Advances in Hard–to–Cut Materials: Manufacturing, Properties, Process Mechanics and Evaluation of Surface Integrity
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The influence of hard segment crosslinking on the morphology and mechanical properties of segmented poly(ester-urethanes)
PublicationPrównano właściwości i morfologie usieciowanych trójmetylolopropanem (TMP) i nieusieciowanych poliestrouretanów formowanych reaktywnie. W nieusieciowanych poliestrouretanach stwierdzono za pomocą AFM obecność agregacji domen segmentów sztywnych o wymiarze 70-380 nm. W usieciowanych poliuretanach zaobserwowano jedynie jednolicie rozmieszczone domeny segmentów sztywnych wielkości 20 nm. Właściwości mechaniczne wyraźnie różniły się,...
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The Green Approach to the Synthesis of Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with Partially Bio-Based Hard Blocks
PublicationBio-based polymeric materials and green routes for their preparation are current issues of many research works. In this work, we used the diisocyanate mixture based on partially bio-based diisocyanate origin and typical petrochemical diisocyanate for the preparation of novel bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPUs). We studied the influence of the diisocyanate mixture composition on the chemical structure, thermal,...
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Optimised Robust Placement of Hard Quality Sensors for Robust Monitoring of Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
PublicationA problem of optimised robust placement of the hard quality sensors in Drinking Water Distribution Systems under several water demand scenarios for robust quality monitoring is formulated. Numerical algorithms to solve the problem are derived. The optimality is meant as achieving at the same time a desired trade off between the sensor capital and maintenance costs and resulting robust estimation accuracy of the monitoring algorithm...
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In vitro dissolution test of ketoprofene: development and evaluation of release from soft and hard gelatine capsules
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Medical polyurethanes with different hard segments content obtained from polycaprolactone diol, aliphatic diisocyanates and butanediol.
PublicationW artykule opisano syntezę 3 serii segmentowych poliuretanów o przeznaczeniu medycznym otrzymanych z polikaprolaktonodiolu, alifatycznych diizocyjanianów: 1,6 heksametylenowego lub 4,4'-dicyklohesametylenowego oraz butanodiolu. Przedstawiono charakterystykę PU uzyskaną na podstawie badania pęcznienia w wodzie, oleju oraz soli fizjologicznej, właściwości powierzchniowych (kąt zwilżania i profilometria), a także badania IR i DSC....
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Planning Recreation around Water Bodies in Two Hard Coal Post-Mining Areas in Southern Poland
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Effect of Variation of Hard Segment Content and Graphene-Based Nanofiller Concentration on Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane Nanocomposites
PublicationThis study describes the development of a new class of high-performance polyurethane elastomer nanocomposites containing reduced graphene oxide (RGO) or graphene nanoplatelets (GNP). Two types of polyurethane elastomers with different contents of hard segments (HS) were used as a polymer matrix. The developed nanocomposites were characterized by thermal analysis (DSC, TG), dynamic mechanical testing (DMA), hardness testing, mechanical...
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Electrochemical Characterization of Gelatine Derived Ceramics
PublicationNew materials obtained by pyrolysis of gelatine (G) and poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane) (PSN) (weight ratio: G/PSN 70/30) at temperatures 700 and 900 °C were characterized by SEM and Raman spectroscopy. The presence of ceramics influences on the cluster size of the materials. Electrochemical tests were performed by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic cyclic polarization. The capacity of G/PSN was 464 and 527 mAh/g for materials pyrolysed...
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The Balance of Outlays and Effects of Restructuring Hard Coal Mining Companies in Terms of Energy Policy of Poland PEP 2040
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The role of hydrogen bonding on tuning hard-soft segments in bio-based thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s
PublicationThis work describes the preparation of bio-based thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s (TPU) via a prepolymer method and investigates the effect of varying the interphase hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) on physicochemical, thermal and mechanical properties. This was achieved by varying the glycol type and molar ratio of [NCO]/[OH] groups used during the prepolymer chain extending step. The TPUs’ chemical structure was analyzed by Fourier...
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Hard and Soft Modeling Tools and Approaches to Data and Information Management in Real-Life Projects and Systems : special issue editorial
PublicationOmówiono miękkie oraz twarde narzędzia służące do modelowania i symulacji przepływów dużych ilości danych oraz informacji. Przedstawiono mozliwości zastosowania tego typu narzędzi w funkcjonowaniu systemów rzeczywistych.
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Hard and Soft Modeling Tools and Approaches to Data and Information Management in Real-Life Projects and Systems : special issue editorial
PublicationOmówiono różne metody modelowania w zakresie zarządzania danymi i informacją w złożonych systemach rzeczywistych. Podkreślono szczególnie znaczenie modelowania miękkiego w tym zakresie.
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The influence of synthetic polyhydroxybutyrate on selected properties of novel polyurethanes for medical applications. Part I. Polyurethanes with aromatic diisocyanates in hard segments
PublicationZsyntetyzowano poliuretany (PUR) z udziałem 37% segmentu sztywnego uzyskanego na etapie przedłużania łańcucha prepolimeru w reakcji 4,4â-diizocyjanianu difenylometanu (MDI) z 1,4-butanodiolem (1,4-BD). Segmenty giętkie wytworzonych PUR były zbudowane z poli([R,S]-3--hydroksymaoelanu) (a-PHB) i polikaprolaktonodiolu (PCL) lub z a-PHB i polioksytetrametylenodiolu(PTMG). Zbadano wpływ obecności w łańcuchu PUR syntetycznego a-PHB...
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Fabrication of wormhole-like YSZ and Ni-YSZ by the novel soft-hard template CTAB/NaCl-assisted route. Suppressing Ni coalescence in SOFC
PublicationA novel one-pot synthesis route leading to the formation of a wormhole-like structure was developed for the successful fabrication of porous YSZ and Ni-YSZ systems. This method involved co-precipitation in the presence of the micelle-forming agents CTAB/Pluronic P123 and crystallising NaCl. The obtained skeletons were mechanically stable and presented almost 50% uniform, open porosity without using any additional pore-formers....
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Revisiting the estimation of cutting power with different energetic methods while sawing soft and hard woods on the circular sawing machine: a Central European case
PublicationIn the classical approaches, used in Central Europe in practice, cutting forces and cutting power in sawing processes of timber are commonly computed by means of the specific cutting resistance kc. It needs to be highlighted that accessible sources in handbooks and the scientific literature do not provide any data about wood provenance, nor about cutting conditions, in which cutting resistance has been empirically determined. In...
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Eco-friendly Route for Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with Bio-based Hard Segments Composed of Bio-glycol and Mixtures of Aromatic–Aliphatic and Aliphatic–Aliphatic Diisocyanate
PublicationApplication of bio-based diisocyanates with low volatility instead petrochemical diisocyanates has positive impact on environment by reduction of hazardous effects on living organisms and lead to bio-based polyurethanes (bio-PUs) with good usage properties. This work was focused on the synthesis and chosen properties examination of partially bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-PUs) obtained using diisocyanate mixtures,...
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Wpływ współczynnika promienia walca i stosunku grubości warstw na odkształ- cenie warstwy twardej. The influence of radius of rolls coefficient and re-lations of thickness layers at the deformation of hard layers of bimetalic plate
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono analizę numeryczną walcowania blachy platerowanej 18 G2A i 0H18N10T. Wytwarzanie blach dwuwarstwowych jest procesem trudnym do rozwiązania na drodze teoretycznej. Do analizy procesu wykorzystano program Forge 2 oparty na teorii elementów skończonych. Artykuł przedstawia wpływ wartości współczynnika promienia walcaH/R i stosunku grubości warstw HT/HM na charakter rozkładu odkształceń blachy dwuwarstwowej.
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"Raport z wstępnych badań własności stali trudnościeralnej 460HB",. ang "Report on preliminary tests of the properties of wear-resistant steel 460HB"
PublicationMikrostrukturę badanej stali trudnościeralnej 460HB stanowi drobnoziarnisty martenzyt odpuszczony, który jest właściwy dla stali konstrukcyjnych niskowęglowych, niskostopowych ulepszonych cieplnie. W przypadku blach grubych, do których zalicza się badana stal, struktura może ulec zaburzeniu, jeżeli w hutniczym procesie wytwórczym wystąpiła niejednorodność odkształcenia plastycznego i w konsekwencji tworzenie się pasm segregacyjnych,...