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Search results for: PILE INSTRUMENTATION
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Static load test on concrete pile – instrumentation and results interpretation
PublicationFor some time (since 8-10 years in Poland) a special static load tests on instrumented piles are carried out. Such studies are usually of a scientific nature and provide detailed quantitative data on the load transfer into the ground and characteristics of particular soil layers interaction with a pile shaft and pile base. Deep knowledge about the pile-subsoil interaction can be applied for a various design purposes, e.g. numerical...
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The improvement of axial bearing capacity of open-end pipe piles
PublicationZaproponowano sposób zwiększania nośności osiowej pali rurowych z otwartym dnem za pomocą wewnętrznych pierścieni. Przedstawiono wyniki badań w skali naturalnej i badań modelowych. Przeprowadzono analizę teoretyczną zjawiska metodą analityczną i numeryczną. Badania i analizy potwierdziły skuteczność proponowanego rozwiązania technicznego.
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Magnetic instrumentation and other applications of magnets in NOTES
PublicationModern surgery is developing towards a minimally invasive approach. To minimize the trauma the number of ports is either limited as in single incision laparoscopic procedures or ports are introduced through natural orifices as in nat- ural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). To provide surgeons with appropriate instrumentation novel technologies are employed involving magnets. This article summarizes the theoretical...
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A Family Of Multicore 0ptical Fibre Based Sensors And Instrumentation Systems
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Hybrid Integrated Components For Optical Fiber Communication And Instrumentation Systems
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Human Factors in designing the Instrumentation and Control Systems Important to Safety
PublicationThis work addresses selected aspects of human factors in designing the instrumentation and control (I&C) systems important to safety as a part of the functional safety management of industrial hazardous plants, in particular nuclear power plants. As it is known in such plants a concept of “defence in depth” (D-in-D) is widely applied and some layers of protection are designed with regard to functional safety (FS) concept given...
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Measurement of noise parameter set in the low frequency range: requirements and instrumentation.
PublicationOpisano dwa podstawowe szumowe modele metrologiczne czwórnika: ze źródłami szumów odniesionymi do wejścia i ze zwarciowymi prądami szumów. Parametry szumowe opisujące modele zawierające korelację pomiędzy prądami i/lub napięciami są mierzone przy zastosowaniu metod bezpośrednich i pośrednich. Przedstawiono kilka technik redukcji szumów własnych systemu pomiarowego. Szerzej zaprezentowano dwukanałowy system do pomiaru szumów z komputerowym...
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Virtual Models of Analog-Digital Converters in Education of Electrical Measurements and Instrumentation.
PublicationPrzedstawiono opracowane przez autorów przyrządy wirtualne do demonstracji działania przetworników analogowo-cyfrowych: integracyjnego, kompensacyjnego, sigma-delta, z pośrednim sygnałem częstotliwościowym. Programy umożliwiają obserwację zmian napięcia w punktach charakterystycznych układów w spowolnionej skali czasowej. Możliwe jest również zadawanie zakłóceń.
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Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water samples. Methods and instrumentation
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono stan wiedzy nt. metodyk analitycznych oraz urządzeń kontrolno-pomiarowych, wykorzystywanych w badaniach próbek wody na zawartość lotnych związków organicznych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na techniki izolacji i wzbogacania analitów przed etapem oznaczeń końcowych.
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Programmable dynamically changing RC model for evaluation of Dynamic EIS methods and instrumentation
PublicationThe paper concerns the RC equivalent circuit of electrochemical cell with the impedance changed during the experiment. The model was constructed using the digital potentiometers controlled by the microcontroller. This solution allows to control the model impedance by the software means. By creating adequate changes of the impedance spectrum as a time function, the different impedance measurement method can be tested to find out...
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Defence in depth conception in nuclear power plants and requirements for instrumentation and control systems
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some issues of the safety systems’ design for nuclear power plants equipped with the light water reactors using a defence in depth (D-in-D) conception. Because the functional safety solutions play nowadays an important role for the risk control, the basic requirements for the instrumentation and control systems are specified with regard to relevant international standards. For...
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Programmable Input Mode Instrumentation Amplifier Using Multiple Output Current Conveyors
PublicationIn this paper a programmable input mode instrumentation amplifier (IA) utilising second generation, multiple output current conveyors and transmission gates is presented. Its main advantage is the ability to choose a voltage or current mode of inputs by setting the voltage of two configuration nodes. The presented IA is prepared as an integrated circuit block to be used alone or as a sub-block in a microcontroller or in a field...
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The mechanism of grouting action under the base of bored pile
PublicationThe grouting under the base of bored pile is carried out in order to reduce pile settlement and improve its bearing capacity. The principal aim of grouting is to introduce an initial force between the soil and the pile base. In non-cohesive soil, the grouting can also enlarge the pile base area and therefore improve the base resistance. The example of static load tests on instrumented bored piles installed with and without grouting...
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Effect of preconsolidation on pile bearing capacity in model tests
PublicationBadanie wpływu prekonsolidacji gruntu w badaniach modelowych w komorze kalibracyjnej. Zagęszczone piaski kwarcowe poddano prekonsolidacji przy OCR nie większym od 7. Analiza współczynnika parcia spoczynkowego gruntu. Wpływ wskaźnika prekonsolidacji na nośność podstawy i pobocznicy pali oraz zmiany naprężeń wokół modelu i odkształcenia objętościowe masywu gruntowego.
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FEM modelling of screw displacement pile interaction with subsoil
PublicationPredicting the-settlement characteristics of piles is an important element in the designing of pile foundations. The most reliable method in evaluating pile-soil interaction is the static load test, preferably performed with instrumentation for measuring shaft and pile base resistances. This, however, is a mostly post-implementation test. In the design phase, prediction methods are needed, in which numerical simulations play an...
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Estimation of pile bearing capacity by dynamic and static tests
PublicationBadania dynamiczne, szczególnie dla pali wbijanych, w budownictwie hydrotechnicznym stają się coraz bardziej popularne. Badania, poparte formalnie zapisami zawartymi w Eurokodzie 7, wykorzystywane w badaniach ''na wodzie'' i ''na lądzie'' są szybkie i ekonomiczne. Przedstawiono serię badań dla gruntów uwarstwionych dla pali prefabrykowanych żelbetowych, wbijanych stalowych pali rurowych oraz pali Vibro-Fundex. Badania dynamiczne...
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Pile Model Tests Using Strain Gauge Technology
PublicationOrdinary pile bearing capacity tests are usually carried out to determine the relationship between load and displacement of pile head. The measurement system required in such tests consists of force transducer and three or four displacement gauges. The whole system is installed at the pile head above the ground level. This approach, however, does not give us complete information about the pile-soil interaction. We can only determine...
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Numerical analysis of pile installation effects in cohesive soils
PublicationIn this thesis the empirical equation for radial effective stress calculation after displacement pile installation and following consolidation phase has been proposed. The equation is based on the numerical studies performed with Updated Lagrangian, Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian and Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian formulations as well as the calibration procedure with database containing world-wide 30 pile static loading tests in cohesive...
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Pale prefabrykowane
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono stan współczesnej technologii pali prefabrykowanych, drewnianych, stalowych, żelbetowych oraz zakres ich stosowania w budownictwie.
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THE APPLICATION OF PHENOMENOLOGICAL METHODOLOGY FOR DESIGNING PILE FOUNDATION IN PORT STRUCTURES
PublicationIt is of utmost importance in the design process that a suitable, safe and concurrently economic solution be chosen. Issues connected with foundations require adopting a special approach. Soil is a composite medium, and it is essential to describe as precisely as possible the interaction taking place between the subgrade and the structure. There are many design methods of pile foundation that are based on in-situ test of soils....
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The analysis of soil resistance during screw displacement pile installation
PublicationThe analysis of soil resistances during screw displacement pile installation based on model and field tests. The investigations were carried out as a part of research project, financed by the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education. A proposal of empirical method for prediction of rotation resistance (torque) during screw auger penetration in non-cohesive subsoil based on CPT result.
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Report of Eurocode 7 application for pile foundation design in Poland
PublicationThe EC7 rules of geotechnical design are in use in Poland for several years, even though there is no National annex. With regard to pile foundations, there are valid EC7 recommendations concerning design approaches, load partial coefficients, correlation coefficients and capacity partial coefficients. Polish designers can be quite flexible when it comes to choose a method for static, bearing capacity and settlement calculations....
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Large deformation finite element analysis of undrained pile installation
PublicationIn this paper, a numerical undrained analysis of pile jacking into the subsoil using Abaqus software suit has been presented. Two different approaches, including traditional Finite Element Method (FEM) and Arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) formulation, were tested. In the first method, the soil was modelled as a two-phase medium and effective stress analysis was performed. In the second one (ALE), a single-phase medium was assumed...
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Pale wkręcane ATLAS
PublicationOmówiono nową technologię pali ATLAS. Przedstawiono przykłady zastosowania w odniesieniu do gruntów silnie uwarstwionych. Przedyskutowano metody obliczeń.
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Prefabrykowane pale wbijane
PublicationOmówiono zastosowanie prefabrykowanych, żelbetowych pali wbijanych w różnych rodzajach budownictwa. Zakres pracy obejmuje dotychczasowe oraz współczesne zastosowania pali prefabrykowanych. Zawarto następujące zagadnienia: materiały do produkcji pali, charakterystykę geometryczną, sposoby łączenia, metody prefabrykacji, metody kontroli, omówiono sprzęt do wbijania, scharakteryzowano zjawiska towarzyszące wbijaniu. Podsumowaniem...
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Pale wkręcane ATLAS
PublicationPrzedstawiono praktyczne zastosowanie nowoczesnych, przemieszczeniowych pali wkręcanych typu ATLAS. Omówiono zasady obliczeń tego rodzaju pali, również na podstawie wyników badań sondą CPT. Przykłady posadowień z terenu Polski pozwalają na ocenę mozliwości posadowień w warunkach krajowych.
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Estimation of Screw Displacement Pile-Bearing Capacity Based on Drilling Resistances
PublicationThis article presents an engineering, empiricalmethod of estimating the bearing capacity and settlementcharacteristics Q-s of screw displacement piles andcolumns, based on soil resistance encountered during thedrilling to form piles/columns in the ground. The methodwas developed on the basis of correlation analyses of thetest results of 24 piles made during the “DPDT-Auger”research project (Krasiński et al., 2022a). In the proposedmethod,...
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Determination of the bearing capacity of pile foundations based on CPT test results
PublicationAnalityczne określanie pełnej krzywej obciążenie - osiadanie na podstawie parametrów geotechnicznych wciąż stanowi bardzo trudne zadanie naukowe i inżynierskie. W pracy przedstawiono metodę bezpośredniego wykorzystania oporów na stożku sondy statycznej do określania pełnej krzywej osiadania dla pali Vibro-Fundex. W sumie jako materiał weryfikacyjny wykorzystano 94 próbne obciążenia statyczne pali.
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Numerical simulation of screw displacement pile interaction with non-cohesive soil
PublicationA trial numerical simulation of screw displacement pile interaction with non-cohesive subsoil during the transfer of compression load. The simulation was carried out in an axisymmetric system. The technological phases of pile installation in the ground were numerically modelled using equivalent processes which provided similar effects to real technical actions. The results of the numerical calculations were verified by comparing...
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Static Load Test on Instrumented Pile – Field Data and Numerical Simulations
PublicationFor some time (since 8-10 years in Poland) a special static load tests on instrumented piles are carried out. Such studies are usually of a scientific nature and provide detailed quantitative data on the load transfer into the ground and characteristics of particular soil layers interaction with a pile shaft and pile base. Deep knowledge about the pile-subsoil interaction can be applied for a various design purposes, e.g. numerical...
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Probabilistic analysis of settlements under a pile foundation of a road bridge pylon
PublicationThe paper addresses the reliability change of a road bridge pile foundation due to the unpredictable increase of settlements in time. The analysis is based on the Rędziński Bridge in Wrocław, Poland, its design assumptions, and monitoring results. The bridge foundation rests on a multi-layered subsoil assumed random. The Finite Element model of the subgrade is generated in ZSoil® software. To simplify the probabilistic approach,...
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The bile salt content of human bile impacts on simulated intestinal proteolysis of β-lactoglobulin
PublicationThe gastrointestinal hydrolysis of food proteins has been portrayed in scientific literature to predominantly depend on the activity and specificity of proteolytic enzymes. Human bile has not been considered to facilitate proteolysis in the small intestine, but rather to assist in intestinal lipolysis. However, human bile can potentially influence proteins that are largely resistant to gastric digestion, and which are mainly hydrolysed...
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The sensitiveness of the speed of pile displacement to speed variations of hammer in beating down process
PublicationIn this paper there is presented dynamical system described speed of pile displacement during beating down process. Its response is determined by using Heaviside operator. There is introduced the convergence with regulator in partially ordered space. There is given an answer to the question, whetdisplacement is sensitive to hammer's speed variations.
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Comparative model tests of SDP and CFA pile groups in non-cohesive soil
PublicationThe research topic relates to the subject of deep foundations supported on continuous flight auger (CFA) piles and screw displacement piles (SDP). The authors have decided to conduct model tests of foundations supported on the group of piles mentioned above and also the tests of the same piles working alone. The tests are ongoing in Geotechnical Laboratory of Gdańsk University of Technology. The description of test procedure, interpretation...
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Zero-Pole Electromagnetic Optimization
PublicationA fast technique for the full-wave optimization of transmission or reflection properties of general linear timeinvariant high-frequency components is proposed. The method is based on the zeros and poles of the rational function representing the scattering parameters of the device being designed and it is the generalization of the technique developed for the design by optimization of microwave filters. The performance of the proposed...
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The role of bile salts in digestion
PublicationBile salts (BS) are bio-surfactants present in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) that play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients. The importance of BS for controlled release and transport of lipid soluble nutrients and drugs has recently stimulated scientific interest in these physiological compounds. BS are so-called facial amphiphiles showing a molecular structure that is very distinct from classical surfactants....
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Effects of full displacement pile installation on the stress and deformation state of surrounding soil: review
PublicationSeveral field and model tests have been conducted to investigate the impact of pile installation on bearing capacity. However, little is known about how piles behave during installation, how they interact with the surrounding soil, and how this affects sandy soil properties. This review paper investigates the effect of pile driving on surrounding sandy soil as it compacts sandy soil near to the pile. For this purpose, various related...
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Numerical estimation of the pile toe and shaft unit resistances during the installation process in sands
PublicationNumerical simulations of a pile jacking were carried out. A Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) formulation was used to treat with large deformation problems. An Abaqus, a commercial Finite Element Method software suit, was used as a computing environment. The Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model was applied and the Coulomb model of friction was used to describe pile-soil interaction. Calculations were made for three different pile diameters....
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Extremal thermal loading of a bifurcation pipe
PublicationThe subject of considerations is a spherical bifurcation pipe of a live steam made of steel P91, which is an element of a block of coal-fired power plant working with a 18K370 turbine. As experience shows, it is a very sensitive element of the boiler pipelines. An extreme work scenario for such a block has been adopted, in which the turbine is shutting down to a warm state three times in 24 hours. This is an action dictated by...
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Reliability of disk file organisation for microcomputers
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Pole pracy układu napędu hydrostatycznego
PublicationPrzedstawiono pole pracy układu napędu hydrostatycznego. Uzasadniono podział parametrów pracy silnika hydraulicznego i pompy na parametry niezależne i zależne od pracy tych maszyn wyporowych i układu z nich utworzonego. Zaproponowano podjęcie tematu badawczego umożliwiającego opracowanie metody wyznaczania charakterystyk energetycznych pomp i silników hydraulicznych obrotowych oraz zmodyfikowanych metod wyznaczania charakterystyk...
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Bile salts in digestion and transport of lipids
PublicationBecause of their unusual chemical structure, bile salts (BS) play a fundamental role in intestinal lipid digestion and transport. BS have a planar arrangement of hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties, which enables the BS molecules to form peculiar self-assembled structures in aqueous solutions. This molecular arrangement also has an influence on specific interactions of BS with lipid molecules and other compounds of ingested food...
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Lateral load resistance of piled raft foundation - A case study of District Jail, Saidu Sharif, Swat Pakistan
PublicationPiled raft foundations under lateral loads are usually designed as a pile group, ignoring the contribution of the raft to resisting the lateral loads. In this paper, a case study was performed to determine the raft's contribution to the lateral load resistance. This study analyzed a pile-supported reinforced concrete retaining wall for two different foundation conditions, i.e., pile group foundation and pile raft foundation. Pile group...
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Fotowoltaika - ile to kosztuje?
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia tendencję w zakresie kształtowania się kosztów inwestycji fotowoltaicznych na świecie. Obecnie obserwowane tempo spadku kosztów inwestycyjnych wynosi15% -22% rocznie. Oczekuje się, że nastąpi spadek cen o 70% od obecnego poziomu. Optymistyczne prognozy przewidują długoterminowy spadek kosztów wytwarzania.
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Retrievable strain measuring system in screw displacement piles - readings and results interpretation problems
PublicationStatic load tests on foundation piles are generally carried out in order to determine load – displacement characteristic of the pile. For more detailed information, e.g. force distribution along the shaft, load transfer mechanism and characteristics of soil-structure interaction (unit resistance curves t-z, q-z) additional pile instrumentation is required. Most popular techniques focus on direct concrete strain measurements and...
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Verification of baffle factor for straight pipe flow
PublicationDuring the water disinfection devices designing, it is often assumed that the baffle factor for a straight pipe reactors is equal to one. It would be possible only for the plug flow, which is a simplified model of the flow and does not appear in real situations. The paper contains an equation which enables calculation of the real value of the baffle factor for the pipe flow.
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Load-settlement characteristics of piles working in a group
PublicationLoad-settlement characteristic (Q-s) of an axially loaded pile can be empirically determined from a static pile load test or on the basis of calculations using, e.g. transfer functions or numerical methods (FEM). The transfer functions method usually rely on empirical data, i.e. the function parameters are determined on the basis of numerous pile test results. Thus this method takes into account pile installation technology and...
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Developments in unsteady pipe flow friction modelling
PublicationW pracy omówiono wpływ błędów numerycznych na jakość rozwiązania równań uderzenia hydraulicznego. Wykazano rolę dyfuzji numerycznej i jej wpływ na dokładność rozwiązania w porównaniu z członem tarcia.
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Experience gained at the application of Atlas piles in Poland
PublicationAnaliza współpracy pali ATLAS z uwarstwionym podłożem gruntowym na podstawie obliczeń oraz próbnych obciążeń statycznych. Przydatność pali ATLAS w terenach zurbanizowanych.
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Modern approaches to file system integrity checking
PublicationOne of the means to detect intruder's activity is totrace all unauthorized changes in a file system.Programs which fulfill this functionality are called fileintegrity checkers. This paper concerns modernapproach to file system integrity checking. It reviewsarchitecture of popular systems that are widely used inproduction environment as well as scientific projects,which not only detect intruders but also take actions tostop their...