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PCA application in assessment of fertilizer plant impact on different components of environment
PublicationW pracy podjęto próbę oceny wpływu Gdańskich Zakładów Nawozów Fosforowych "Fosfory" S.A. na najbliższe środowisko. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki świadczące o jakości różnych komponentów środowiska na terenie objętym wpływem zakładu. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki oznaczeń 44 pierwiastków w 46 próbkach gleb i traw pobieranych na terenie fabryki oraz w bezpośrednim sąsiedztwie. 37 z 44 oznaczonych pierwiastków użyto do wykonania analiz...
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Comparison of oxidative stability of different edible oils
PublicationCelem prezentowanych badań było porównanie stabilności oksydacyjnej olejów roślinnych z Polski, Finlandii i Hiszpanii. Na etapie przyspieszania utleniania zastosowano promieniowanie ultrafioletowe (UV). Po naświetlaniu olejów powstałe związki lotne ekstrahowano z fazy nadpowierzchniowej za pomocą techniki mikroekstrakcji do fazy stacjonarnej (HS-SPME) i analizowano z zastosowaniem chromatografu gazowego z detektorem płomieniowo-jonizacyjnym...
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Local Conformation and Cocrystallization Phenomena in Renewable Diaminoisoidide-Based Polyamides Studied by FT-IR, Solid State NMR, and WAXD
PublicationBiobased polyamides synthesized from diaminoisoidide (DAII), 1,4-diaminobutane, and sebacic acid are investigated by FT-IR, 13C{1H} magic-angle spinning/cross-polarization (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy, and WAXD. Their molecular conformation and mobility undergo distinct changes as a function of temperature and diaminoisoidide content in the compositions. The presence of randomly distributed diaminoisoidide (DAII) in the polyamides...
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THE ESSENCE OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT
PublicationThe article is devoted to a thorough study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the essence of the transformation of socio-economic relations of the national economy. Based on the study of scientific sources, a proper definition of the concept of "transformation of socio-economic relations" was formed. It is proposed to consider transformational processes from the point of view of their direct or indirect impact...
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Współczesne oblicza miejskości
PublicationCelem artykułu jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie o współczesną miejskość i jej nowe odmiany, które zdają się potwierdzać tezę Louisa Wirtha i Roberta Parka, przedstawicieli szkoły chicagowskiej, że miejskość znaczy więcej niż „fizyczne wzory miasta”. Oblicza miejskości mają charakter dynamiczny i zróżnicowany, tak jak zmienne są funkcje miast doby globalizacji. Miejskość może być doskonale ulotna i „organizowana” zależnie od okoliczności....
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Zastosowanie spektrofotometrii w bliskiej podczerwieni NIR w kontroli i technologii produkcji leków
PublicationMetody wykorzystywane w badaniach trwałości mają na celu w prosty i stosunkowoszybki sposób ilościowo ocenić zmiany zachodzące w związkach chemicznych będącychsubstancjami czynnymi leków. Właściwy dobór metody analitycznej jest więc niezwyklewaŜnym aspektem pracy. Badaniom fotochemicznego rozkładu poddano chlorowodorekranitydyny oraz leki zawierające tę substancję. Zmiany w substancjach poddanych ekspozycji
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Pounding force response spectrum under earthquake excitation
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania spektrum siły zderzenia jako zaproponowanego przez autora narzędzia pomocnego przy projektowaniu budynków narażonych na zderzenia podczas trzęsień ziemi. Przedstawione wykresy spektrów pokazały, iż właściwy dobór parametrów budowli, takich jak szerokość przerwy pomiędzy budynkami, okres drgań własnych konstrukcji, liczba tłumienia, masa, współczynnik ciągliwości, czy też przesunięcie...
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Projektowanie hydrodynamicznych łożysk wzdłużnych z wykorzystaniem optymalizacji kształtu szczeliny smarowej
Publicationw pracy przedstawiono metodę projektowania hydrodynamicznych łożysk wzdłużnych z wykorzystaniem optymalizacji kształtu szczeliny smarowej. Optymalizacja kształtu szczeliny smarowej, pierwszy etap projektowania łożyska, jest przeprowadzana bez żadnych wstępnych założeń dotyczących postaci konstrukcyjnej łożyska natomiast uwzględniane są wymagania charakterystyczne dla zadanych warunków pracy łożyska. W następnym etapie poszukuje...
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Problemy współczesnych połączeń rurowych
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono problemy pracy połączeń rurowych charakterystyczne dla współczesnych rozwiązań konstrukcyjnych rurociągów stosowanych w grawitacyjnych sieciach kanalizacyjnych. Omówiono technologie wykonawstwa i materiały stosowane w kraju, charakterystyczne obciążenia złączy i schematy zniszczenia. Przedstawiono analizę wpływu warunków posadowienia rurociągu na trwałość połączeń. Współczesne rozwiążania materiałowe nie zawsze...
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Zastosowanie algorytmów genetycznych do automatycznego generowania planu zajęć
PublicationPrzedstawiono zastosowanie algorytmów genetycznych do automatycznego układania szkoklnego planu zajęć. Stworzono do tego celu odpowiedni program komputerowy - PLANIX, który w kilkanaście minut potrafi poradzić sobie ze średniej klasy problemem i nie wymaga praktycznie żadnej interwencji ze strony użytkownika. Zaprezentowano rdzeń tego programu, który zawiera implementację odp. algorytmu genetycznego. Opisano sposoby reprezentacji,...
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Wpływ drgań wywołanych wbijaniem ścianki szczelinowej na obiekty sąsiednie
PublicationPogrążanie metodą wibracyjną ścianki szczelnej stanowiącej obudowę wykopów w terenie mocno zurbanizowanym oddziaływuje na obiekty sąsiednie. Z tego względu ważny jest dobór technologii pogrążania ścianki oraz profilu grodzic na etapie projektu budowlanego. Zasięg i stopień szkodliwości wpływu drgań na obiekt zależy między innymi od jego charakterystyki, parametrów podłoża gruntowego, kształtu zagłębianych profili i parametrów młota...
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The efficiency of biological nutrients removal in WWTP`s "Wschód" in Gdańsk (Poland)
PublicationRozbudowana w latach 1997-99 oczyszczalnia ścieków Wschód w Gdańsku zapewnia wysokoefektywne oczyszczanie ścieków odprowadzanych do wód Zatoki Gdańskiej Morza Bałtyckiego. Zrealizowany układ technologiczny biologicznego oczyszczania ścieków o przepustowości 180 tys. m3 na dobę jest złożony z sześciu reaktorów MUCT, z których każdy współpracuje z dwoma osadnikami wtórnymi. W artykule podsumowano okres pierwszych trzech lat eksploatacji...
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Algorytmy ewolucyjne o wielowarswowych chromosomach i ich zastosowania w elektronice
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono koncepcje chromosomów wielowarstwowych w algorytmach ewolucyjnych. Ukazano strukturę chromosomu wielowarstwowego oraz opisano możliwe zastosowania algorytmów ewolucyjnych z jego wykorzystaniem. Omówiono zastosowanie algorytmu ewolucyjnego z wielowarstwowym chromosomem do: projektowania i optymalizacji kombinacyjnych układów cyfrowych budowanych zarówno w oparciu o bramki napięciowe jak i bramki prądowe,...
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Sieć sensorowa do rejestracji drgań górnej sieci trakcyjnej w celach diagnostyki eksploatacyjnej
PublicationWraz ze wzrostem prędkości kolejowych pojazdów elektrycznych zwiększają się wymagania utrzymania sieci trakcyjnej w odpowiednim stanie technicznym. Ciągły monitoring i diagnostyka pozwalają wykrywać pogarszającą się jakość odbioru prądu z sieci jezdnej. Jedną z metod jest umieszczenie czujników przyspieszenia na przewodzie jezdnym. Analiza przebiegu przyspieszenia pozwala określić jakość współpracy sieci jezdnej z pantografem....
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PROBLEMATYKA WYZNACZANIA WARTOŚCI OPAŁOWEJ MODYFIKOWANYCH PALIW ŻEGLUGOWYCH
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę modyfikowanych paliw żeglugowych wprowadzanych na rynek przez koncerny paliwowe PKN ORLEN S.A., LOTOS Asfalt Sp. z o.o. oraz STENA OIL (Szwecja) oraz ich podstawowe własności fizykochemiczne. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na odpowiedni dobór lepkości paliwa zasilającego silnik okrętowy, który determinuje właściwy przebieg procesu spalania oraz odpowiednie warunki smarowania par precyzyjnych...
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Kazimierz Market Place. Akwarela 38x56cm
PublicationL'acquerello in Alessandria, la mostra internazionale patrocinata dal Comune e dalle Provincia di Alessandria, dalla Regione Piemonte e dal Comune di Vignale e organizzata dall'Associazione italiana acquerellisti. L'esposizione, circa 150 acquerelli dei socie Aia e di artisti provenienti da Australia, Belgio, Brasile Polonia e Spagna per presentare le principali tecniche dell'acquerelli e le diverse concezioni artistiche e stilistiche...
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Current trends in analytical strategies for the determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 2: New approaches to PBDEs determination
PublicationHerein, we review the latest technical solutions for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) determination in samples with different matrix compositions, largely focusing on gas chromatography but also presenting some liquid chromatography–based solutions. Moreover, we discuss the use of diverse sample injection techniques while considering the advantages and disadvantages of each injection system in the context of PBDEs analysis....
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Ionic liquids in the microextraction techniques: the influence of ILs structure and properties
PublicationIonic liquids (ILs) are composed entirely of ions thus they possess unique properties, including negligible volatility, a liquid state in a broad range of temperatures and ability to change them depending on the chosen type of anion and cation, which make ILs unique and useful for many applications in sample preparation techniques. A deeper understanding of the nature of ILs and the impact of their structure on their parameters...
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The role of analytical chemistry in the study of the Anthropocene
PublicationThe term “Anthropocene” refers to not yet formalized epoch of geologic time during which geologic processes have been dominated by the human impact. This impact takes on many forms. Biological, physical and chemical changes to the Earth System caused by anthropogenic activity are recorded in natural archives either as new fossil assemblages (neobiota), anthropogenic deposits or a wide variety of pollutants emitted to the environment....
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Application of additional factors supporting the microextraction process
PublicationDue to the fact that green analytical chemistry is of high importance, the past two decades have witnessed a rapid growth in the sample preparation area with special emphasis on simplification, miniaturization and automation of extraction procedures. In addition, to accelerate the extraction processes and to improve the separation of analytes, several enhanced parameters are applied. These factors include, ultrasounds, microwaves,...
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Prospects of ionic liquids application in electronic and bioelectronic nose instruments
PublicationThis paper addresses the problem of application of ionic liquids to chemical sensors and biosensors being an integral part of the electronic and bioelectronic-type instruments. The design and principle of operation of the electronic and bioelectronic noses are compared. Both the benefits and shortcomings of the application of ionic liquids in these type of instruments are described. The prospects of the development and application...
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Extraction with environmentally friendly solvents
PublicationThe ever-increasing demand for determining compounds at low concentration levels in complex matrices requires a preliminary step of analytes isolation/enrichment in order to employ a detection technique characterized by high sensitivity at low LOQ. Sample preparation is considered as crucial part of analytical procedures. Previously the parameter of “greenness” is as important as selectivity in order to avoid using harmful organic...
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Problems and challenges associated with estimating the emissions of organic compounds from indoor materials
PublicationFor several years intensive research has been carried out with the aim of developing a database of the types and amounts of pollutants released from indoor materials to the indoor environment. The paper discusses in detail basic problems and challenges encountered when estimating the emissions of chemical compounds released from of indoor materials. Factors affecting the validity of data obtained by using two different types of...
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Computational modeling of molecularly imprinted polymers as a green approach to the development of novel analytical sorbents
PublicationThe development of novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) sorbents for specific chemical compounds require a lot of tedious and time-consuming laboratory work. Significant quantities of solvents and reagents are consumed in the course of the verification of appropriate configurations of polymerization reagents. Implementation of molecular modeling in the MIP sorbent development process appears to provide a solution to this...
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Overview of the three multicriteria approaches applied to a global assessment of analytical methods
PublicationCritical and global evaluation of analytical methods should be one of the primary goals in analytical chemistry. A holistic approach, however, requires a look at the varied features: commonly discussed validation criteria, often underrated practical and economic aspects, and typically overlooked compliance with the principles of green analytical chemistry. Carrying out such an assessment in a critical and transparent way is extremely...
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Determination of aminoglycoside antibiotics: current status and future trends
PublicationThe use of aminoglycoside antibiotics is prevalent in medicine and agriculture. Their overuse increases their mobility in the environment, resulting in a need for reliable methods for their determination in a variety of matrices. However, the properties of aminoglycosides, in particular their high polarity, make the development of such methods a non-trivial task, inciting researchers to tackle this complex issue from different...
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Detection, identification and determination of chiral pharmaceutical residues in wastewater: Problems and challenges
PublicationChiral pharmaceuticals (CPs) are widely used in different areas of human life, thus they are frequentlydetected in different ecosystems. However, before CPs reach the environment, wastewater is subjected todifferent treatment processes in order to remove them. Nevertheless, such processes may affect thechirality of CPs, thus it is very important to monitor CP levels during the wastewater treatment.This review addresses the present...
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State of the art in sample preparation for human breast milk metabolomics—merits and limitations
PublicationHuman breast milk (HBM) contains metabolites that are diverse in chemical structure and concentration. These metabolites range from high-abundance to low-abundance compounds and from polar to nonpolar. This complex nature of HBM makes HBM samples difficult to analyze, especially in global metabolomic studies for the determination and characterization of complete sets of metabolites. In this review, the state of the art in sample...
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Multi-objective optimization of microextraction procedures
PublicationOptimization of extraction process requiresfinding acceptable conditions for many analytes and goodperformance in terms of process time or solvent consumption. These optimization criteria are oftencontradictory to each other, the performance of the system in given conditions is good for some criteriabut poor for others. Therefore, such problems require special assessment tools that allow to combinethese contradictory criteria into...
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Application of ionic liquids in microextraction techniques: Current trends and future perspectives
PublicationIonic liquids (ILs) with their unique properties found so far numerous analytical applications. Among them ILs both in their liquid form and immobilized on the surface or within the pores of a solid support were successfully utilized in microextraction techniques. The scope of this review will cover a comprehensive summarizing of available literature data on selected properties of ILs playing a key role in analytical purposes,...
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Determination and identification of organic acids in wine samples. Problems and challenges.
PublicationFor long time, organic acids were underestimated. However, during last two decades there is an increasing interest of natural compounds having antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties thus organic acids are very preferable. Wine stands as one of the sources of organic acids since they are responsible for its organoleptic and aestethic character. Nevertheless, it is important to not exceed acceptable level of...
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A standard analytical method as the common good and pollution abatement measure
PublicationA standard method can be considered as a common-good “resource,” and the solution to “the commons” problems usually lies in societal self-organization. The multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) was applied to model complex phenomena, such as the standard selection for imidacloprid determination. In this process, the standard was self-selected by the analytical chemistry society. The results show that analytical chemistry is a...
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Analytical procedures for quality control of pharmaceuticals in terms of residual solvents content: Challenges and recent developments
PublicationResidual solvents play an important role in the synthesis of drugs and in product formulations. In addition, they pose a serious problem, that is toxicity, as many of them exhibit toxic or environmentally hazardous properties. Therefore, constant monitoring of quality control is needed. In this study, we present an overview of regulatory and general methods described by various pharmacopoeias. Then, the most commonly used methodologies...
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Application of electrochemical sensors and sensor matrixes for measurement of odorous chemical compounds
PublicationIn this paper describes the principle of operation of the electrochemical sensors and the sensor matrixes comprised of electrochemical sensors intended for measurement of odorous compounds. Critical comparison of these sensors’ advantages and disadvantages has been made. The fields of economy contributing to release of odours and the potential sources of their emission have been identified. Commercially available electrochemical...
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AGREEprep – Analytical greenness metric for sample preparation
PublicationThis work proposes for the first time, a metric tool that gives prominence to sample preparation. The developed metric (termed AGREEprep) was based on 10 categories of impact that were recalculated to 0 e1 scale sub-scores, and then used to calculate the final assessment score. The criteria of assessment evaluated, among others, the choice and use of solvents, materials and reagents, waste generation, energy consumption, sample...
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Unconventional and user-friendly sampling techniques of semi-volatile organic compounds present in an indoor environment: An approach to human exposure assessment
PublicationThe commonly applied solutions used to assess the potential risk of human exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are based on the investigation of biological samples collected in an invasive or non-invasive manner. For SVOCs, which are typically introduced to humans through the respiratory system, dermal adsorption, or digestive system, sampling solutions generally used in the indoor environments are classified as...
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Detection, identification and determination of resveratrol in wine. Problems and challenges
PublicationResveratrol is a compound synthesized by plants in response to unfavorable conditions of growth like mechanical injury, siege of bacteria or fungi and UV exposure. It is concentrated mostly in grapes skin and further more in the products made from grapes especially red wines. Each wine is characterized by different amount of given stilbene since its occurrence is affected by many factors like: types of grapes, environment (climate,...
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Main complications connected with detection, identification and determination of trace organic constituents in complex matrix samples
PublicationIt is well known that some problems with the determination of organic analytes at trace level can occur. This issue is connected with contamination during each stage of the analytical procedure from sampling to sample preparation up to chromatographic analysis, which often leads to false-positive or overestimated results. Another problem associated with determination of analytes occurs at trace- and ultra-trace level is a background...
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Advances in mass spectrometry for iron speciation in plants
PublicationIron is an important nutrient essential for plants and critical for human health. The state-of-the art of methods for iron speciation in cereal grains and plant fluids is critically reviewed. Particular attention is given to the latest developments in the coupling of HPLC with the parallel ICP MS and electrospray ionization (ESI) MS/MS detection, usually QTOF MS or Q-Orbitrap MS, for the identification and quantification of iron...
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Sample preparation and recent trends in volatolomics for diagnosing gastrointestinal diseases
PublicationThe analysis of the human volatilome can be successfully used for rapid and non-invasive diagnostics of gastrointestinal diseases. However, the introduction of techniques based on detection of volatiles is limited, among other factors, by difficulties which arise during the sampling stage and instrumental analysis. The aim of this article was to review and discuss medical and analytical literature on the analysis of volatiles in...
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Meconium analysis as a promising diagnostic tool for monitoring fetal exposure to toxic substances: Recent trends and perspectives
PublicationPrenatal exposure to toxic substances is an important public health problem. Many biological specimens obtained from the fetus or mother are used for biomonitoring. Each material reflects exposure in a specific time period and has different advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy, time window of detection and cost/benefit ratio. Recently, meconium has become the matrix of choice in toxicology screening for detecting exposure...
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Current trends in analytical strategies for determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in samples with different matrix compositions – Part 1.: Screening of new developments in sample preparation
PublicationPolybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are ubiquitous compounds in the environment. Restrictions on the use of PBDEs introduced at the beginning of the 21st century have not eliminated these highly persistent and bioaccumulative compounds from the environment. Despite many existing regulations to control and phase out, extensive research on PBDEs is still necessary to fully evaluate the hazard their create to the environment. In...
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Main strategies, analytical trends and challenges in LC-MS and ambient mass spectrometry-based metabolomics
PublicationA plethora of analytical LC-MS-based methods have been successfully applied to analyses of complex samples of various origin for metabolomics investigations. Over the last ten years, the substantial evolution of ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) techniques has highlighted their tremendous potential in metabolomic studies due to the minimal sample pretreatment requirement and the ability to analyse samples in their native state. This...
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Recent achievements in element analysis of bee honeys by atomic and mass spectrometry methods
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Advances in assessing the elemental composition of distilled spirits using atomic spectrometry
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Chemical-vapor generation of transition metals through the reaction with tetrahydroborate in recent achievements in analytical atomic spectrometry
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Critical evaluation of recent achievements in low power glow discharge generated at atmospheric pressure between a flowing liquid cathode and a metallic anode for element analysis by optical emission spectrometry
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Development of direct-current, atmospheric-pressure, glow discharges generated in contact with flowing electrolyte solutions for elemental analysis by optical emission spectrometry
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Impact and practicability of recently introduced requirements on elemental impurities
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Cold atmospheric plasma-induced chemical vapor generation in trace element analysis by spectrometric methods
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